• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.38-41
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• 2012

A 32-year-old female patient and her sister show high levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol in regular health checkups, since female patient was 11 years old. The patient's serum total cholesterol was 285 mg/dL and HDL cholesterol was 113 mg/dL. Her sister's total cholesterol was 240 mg/dL and the HDL cholesterol measured to be 90 mg/dL. Lipoprotein pattern and cholesteryl ester transfer activity gene analysis were examined in these patients. We found c.1321+1G>A (IVS14+1G/A) hetero mutation in cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) genes. Generally, CETP mediates transfer and exchange of triglycerides and cholesteryl ester between plasma lipoproteins. Also we investigated a key role of HDL-CE and Apo A-1 metabolism. Patients with low levels of CETP have increased serum HDL levels. We hereby report two Korean cases of CETP deficiency in a family. Brief literature review ensues with the cases.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.296-303
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• 1986

Rat lipoprotein-deficient plasma possessed a lipid tramsfer inhibitory activity when it was added to purified human plasma lipid transfer protien, while it lacked a lipid transfer activity. Incubation of whole rat plasma with partially purified human lipid transfer protein resulted in big changes in lipid distribution of rat plasma lipoproteins. There w was a 4-fold increase in cholesteryl ester(CE) and 4 47 % reduction in triglyceride(TG) in very low density lipoproteins after 2싹lour incubation. In high density lipoprotein $2(HDL_2)$ there was a 9­fold increase in TG and 33 % reduction in CEo HDL3 had 82 % reduction in CE. The result indi­c cates that the absence of the lipid transfer activity in rat plasma can be ascribed not to the inability of rat lipoproteins to serve as substrates but to the lack of 야Ie lipid transfer protein in rat plasma. Th­e erefore, species differences in lipid transfer betwe­e en lipoproteins should be taken into consideration to interpret results of studies on lipoprotein m.eta­b bolism using rats.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.116-122
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• 2012

The antioxidant activities of $makgeolli$ and other alcoholic beverages were compared. Based on the same volume (70 ${\mu}L$ eq.) of the alcoholic beverages, the 2,2'-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid ammonium salt) (ABTS+) radical-scavenging activities were as follows: whisky > $makgeolli$ crude extract (MCE) > rice wine (RW) > clarified $makgeolli$ (CM) > soju. Based on the same alcohol concentration (6%) of the alcoholic beverages, however, $makgeolli$ showed the highest activity. In addition, based on the same volume (70 ${\mu}L$ eq.), the inhibition effects against the formation of cholesteryl ester hydroperoxide (CE-OOH) were as follows: soju > whisky > RW > MCE > CM. Based on the same alcohol concentration (6%), however, the inhibition effects against the formation of CE-OOH were as follows: RW > MCE > soju > whisky > CM. Therefore, it was suggested that $makgeolli$ may contain radical-scavenging- and metal-ion-chelate-type antioxidants and may increase the antioxidant activity in the blood.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.87-92
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• 1996

This study describes a stable and simple method for the measurement of cholesteryl ester transfer protein(CETP) activities using reconstituted HDL and LDL as substrates. Apolipoproteins (apo) A-I and -B were purified from hog plasma by a new strategy without ultracentrifugation and delipidation. a simple two-step column chromatography was administered. In the first step of phenyl-sepharose CL-4B column chro-matography, hydrophobic plasma proteins were isolated. The most hydrophobic proteins bound to the column appeared to be A-I and apo-B. Contaminat proteins were efficiently eliminated from the sample by washing the column with 0.3M NaCI containing buffer after loading the plasma on the column. Two pure proteins showing each single band on SDS-PSGE of apo A-I and apo-B were individually obtained by a subsequent gel filtration column chromatography(Sephadex G-200). This two-step purification was simple and inexpensive compared to the ultracentrifugation and/or delipidation method that are most commonly used. Reconstituted hight-density lipoproteins(HDL) and low-density lipoproteins(LDL) were prepared using the purified apo A-I and-B, respectively. When these artificially prepared HDL and LDL were used in the assays for CETP as the cholesteryl ester(CE) donor and acceptor respectively, the specific transfer of CE increased up to two fold compared to that used the native HSL and LDL.

• BMB Reports
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.243-248
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• 1995

Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), a hydrophobic glycoprotein promoting transfer of cholesteryl esters (CE) from high-density lipoproteins (HDL) to lower-density lipoproteins in the plasma, has been recognized a potent atherogenic factor during the development of coronary artery diseases. This study demonstrated a possible utilization of antisense RNA to inhibit expression of the CETP gene using vaccinia virus as an expression system. The CETP cDNA was inserted into a transfer vector (pSC11) in sense and antisense orientations and used to generate recombinant viruses. Recombinants containing sense or antisense orientations of the CETP cDNA were isolated by $TK^-$ selection and X-gal test. The inserted CETP cDNAs in the recombinants were identified by Southern blot analysis and allowed to transcribe in host cells (CV-1). Expressions of the exogenous CETP mRNA, extracted from the CV-1 cells coinfected with viruses containing sense and antisense DNAs, were monitored by Northern blot analysis using the CETP cDNA probe, by Western blot analysis using monoclonal antibody against the C-terminal active region of the CETP and by the CETP assay. Decreased expressions of the exogenous CETP cDNA were clearly evident in the Northern and Western blot analyses as the dose of antisense expression increased. In the CETP assay, the CETP activities decreased compared to the activity obtained from the cell extracts infected with sense construct only.

• BMB Reports
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.172-177
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• 2002

We previously reported that cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) inhibitory peptides (designated $P_{28}$ and $P_{10})$ have anti-atherogenic effects in hypercholesterolemic rabbits (Biochim. Biophys. Acta (1998) 1391, 133-144). To further investigate those effects, we studied rabbit plasma that was collected after 30 h of a $P_{28}$ or $P_{10}$ injection. We found that there is a strong correlation between the in vivo CETP inhibition effects and alterations of lipoprotein particle size distribution in rabbit plasma, as determined on an agarose gel electrophoresis and gel filtration column chromatography. In vivo effects of the peptide were observed again in C57BL/6 mice that expressed simian CETP. The $P_{28}$ or $P_{10}$ peptide ($7\;{\mu}g/g$ of body weight) that was dissolved in saline was injected subcutaneously into the mice. The $P_{28}$ injection caused the partial inhibition of plasma CETP activity up to 50%, decreasing the total plasma cholesterol concentration by 30%, and increasing the ratio of HD/total-cholesterol concentration by 150% in the CETP-transgenic (tg) mice. The CETP inhibition by the $P_{28}$ or $P_{10}$ made alterations that modulated the size re-distribution of the lipoproteins in the blood stream. Particle size of the very low (VLDL) and low density lipoproteins (LDL) from the peptide-injected group was highly decreased compared to the saline-injected group (determined on the gel filtration column chromatography). In contrast, The HDL particle size of the $P_{28}$-injected group increased compared to the control group (saline-injected). The expression level of the CETP mRNA of the $P_{28}$-injected CETP-tg mouse appeared lower than the saline-injected CETP-tg mouse. These results suggest that the injection of the CETP inhibitory peptide could affect the CETP expression level in the liver by influencing lipoprotein metabolism.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.811-815
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• 1994

In this study the quantity and the ratio of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids were investigated with using gas chromatography after non-polar lipid of the flint corn in the growing period was extracted with the solution of chloroform : methanol (2 : 1) and then separated by the SACC method. Neutral lipid was separated into monoglyceride(MG), 1, 3-diglyceride (1, 3-DG) , free fatty acid (FFA) , triglyceride (TG), cholesteryl ester (CE). Fatty acid of each spot was mainly composed of linoleic , oleic and palmitic acids. Lonolieic acid decreased in MG(54.5-51.4%), CE(31.3-28.9%) but increased ini TG(57.2-63.8%) during growth process. Olec acid increased in MG(25.7-29.3%), 1, 3-DG(24.7-28.9%), CE(16.7-19.9%) but decreased in TG28.6-23.1%). Palmitic acid decreased in MG(12.8-11.5%), FFA(25.7-24.1%), TG(10.4-9.3%) but increased in CE(26.4-31.5%) during a growth process. The ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acid in TG(7.01-7.84%) was higher in five spots of neutral lipid and in 1, 3-DG(4.61-4.16%) decreased growth process but increased in MG(5.06-5.60%), TG(7.01-7.84%).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.399-405
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• 1996

The effects of stearic(18 : 0, SA), oleic(18 : 1 cis, OA) and elaidic acid(18 : 1 trans, EA) on the cell growth, contents of cellular lipids, and the fatty acid composition of cellular and medium lipids in Hep-G$_2$cells were evaluated. The cells were incubated in serum-free medium containing 25, 50, 100 and 200$\mu$M of a fatty acid combined with albumin for 2 days. The fatty acid concentration up to 100$\mu$M showed the normal growth, but the cell growth decreased in the presence of 200$\mu$M fatty acid. The treatment of cells with 100$\mu$M of a fatty acid for two days significantly(p<0.05) increased the cellular triglyceride(TG) content in all fatty acid groups compared to control, but TG contents was not significantly different among all treatment group, but total cholesterol(TC) was the highest level in EA group. The level of free cholesterol(FC) and cholesteryl ester(CE) was similar to those of TC in all fatty acid treated group. The cellular phospholipid(PL) contents were similar between the control and all fatty acid groups. The treatment of cells with SA has no notable effects on the fatty acid composition of TG, CE and PL. The OA treatment caused significant increases in CE(51.2%) and PL(29.8%), but not in TG. The EA treatment resulted in 10.1, 10.7 and 7.8% of $C_{18:1\;trans}$ content in cellular TG, CE, and PL. The TG, CE and PL of medium were relatively similar between SA and OA groups. In EA treated group, TG, CE and PL of medium contained 17.0%, 0.7% and 5.6% of $C_{18:1\;trans}$, respectively.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.1165-1169
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• 2002

Palm kernel cake (PKC), a by-product of oil palm seeds after extraction of their oil. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different levels of PKC on growth performance and blood lipids in rats. A total of 64 Sprague-Dawley (8 weeks of age) male rats were assigned individually to four treatments with different levels of PKC in the diet: 0, 15, 20 and 25%. No differences (p<0.05) were found in daily feed intake (6-8 g/day), body weight, growth rate and epididymal fat weight for all the dietary groups. Plasma protein and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) triacylglycerol (TG) were higher (p<0.05) for 20% PKC fed rats than the control rats. Conversely, the plasma cholesterol and TG and VLDL-phospholipid (PL) concentrations of the control rats were higher (p<0.05) than those of PKC fed rats. The VLDL-protein, total cholesterol, free cholesterol (FC) and cholesteryl ester (CE) were not significantly different (p>0.05) among the treatment groups. Rats fed PKC had greater (p<0.05) ratios of total surface to core lipid components [(FC+PL)/(CE+TG)] than control rats. The results reflect dissimilarities of VLDL particle size between PKC treatment and control rats, where the plasma of the PKC treated rats contained more lipid rich VLDL. In conclusion, there was no adverse effect on growth performance when inclusion of PKC up to 25%. However, fibre content may affect the plasma lipid concentrations.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Organic Agriculture Conference
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• 2009.12a
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• pp.318-318
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• 2009

관행재배 농산물에 대한 유기재배 농산물의 생리활성성분 및 기능성 측면에서의 우수성에 대한 관심이 국제적으로 화두가 되고 있으나 일관성 있는 데이터가 제시되지 못해 논란이 이어지고 있다. 그래서 본 연구에서는 한국인이 일상적으로 섭취하고 있는 고추(녹광)를 대상으로 생산이력이 분명한 관행 및 유기 재배 시료를 이용해 주의 깊게 확립된 분석법을 이용해 유기 및 관행재배 고추의 생리활성성분 함량비교 및 기능성 평가를 행하였다. 그 결과 ascorbic acid, capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin 및 총 페놀성 화합물의 함량은 녹색 및 적색 고추 모두에 있어 관행보다 유기재배 고추가 유의(p<0.05)하게 더 높은 값을 보였다. 그리고 flavonoid류(apigenin, luteolin, quercetin)의 함량은 녹색과 적색고추 모두 유의차는 인정되지 않았으나 관행보다 유기재배 고추에서 더 높은 경향을 나타냈다. 또 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid ammonium salt) (ABTS+) radical-scavenging 활성은 녹색고추에 있어서는 유기재배 고추가 관행재배 고추보다 더 높은 경향을 보였으며, 적색고추에 있어서는 유의(p<0.05)하게 높은 활성을 보였다. 고추추출물을 경구투여한 쥐 (Sprague-Dawley, 6주령, men, 180~250 g) 혈장의 동이온 유도산화에 대한 cholesteryl ester hydroperoxide (CE-OOH) 생성 억제능을 평가한 결과, 고추추출물을 경구투여한 쥐가 대조구보다 더 높은 CE-OOH 생성 억제능과 lag time연장 효과가 있음을 알 수 있었으며, 그 효과는 관행재배 고추보다 유기재배 고추에 있어서 더 우수한 것으로 관찰되었고, 녹색고추보다 적색고추에 있어 그 효과가 더 뛰어난 것으로 평가되었다. 이러한 결과는 위에서 분석한 각 시료에 함유된 항산화 성분들의 함량과 관련이 있는 결과라 판단되며, 유기재배 고추가 관행재배 고추보다 유용성분 및 생리활성 측면에서 더 우수함을 시사하는 결과라 사료된다. 그러나 한편으로 본 연구결과는 고추에 국한된 성과라 할 수 있으며, 유기재배 방법 및 다양한 환경조건에 따라 그 결과 또한 다양성을 보일 수 있음에 주의를 기울일 필요가 있다고 판단된다.