Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences

Asian Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies (아세아태평양축산학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effects of Palm Kernel Cake on Performance and Blood Lipids in Rats

  • Loh, T.C. (Department of Animal Science, University Putra Malaysia) ;
  • Foo, H.L. (Department of Biotechnology, University Putra Malaysia) ;
  • Tan, B.K. (Department of Animal Science, University Putra Malaysia) ;
  • Jelan, Z.A. (Department of Animal Science, University Putra Malaysia)
  • Received : 2001.09.20
  • Accepted : 2002.03.02
  • Published : 2002.08.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Palm kernel cake (PKC), a by-product of oil palm seeds after extraction of their oil. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different levels of PKC on growth performance and blood lipids in rats. A total of 64 Sprague-Dawley (8 weeks of age) male rats were assigned individually to four treatments with different levels of PKC in the diet: 0, 15, 20 and 25%. No differences (p<0.05) were found in daily feed intake (6-8 g/day), body weight, growth rate and epididymal fat weight for all the dietary groups. Plasma protein and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) triacylglycerol (TG) were higher (p<0.05) for 20% PKC fed rats than the control rats. Conversely, the plasma cholesterol and TG and VLDL-phospholipid (PL) concentrations of the control rats were higher (p<0.05) than those of PKC fed rats. The VLDL-protein, total cholesterol, free cholesterol (FC) and cholesteryl ester (CE) were not significantly different (p>0.05) among the treatment groups. Rats fed PKC had greater (p<0.05) ratios of total surface to core lipid components [(FC+PL)/(CE+TG)] than control rats. The results reflect dissimilarities of VLDL particle size between PKC treatment and control rats, where the plasma of the PKC treated rats contained more lipid rich VLDL. In conclusion, there was no adverse effect on growth performance when inclusion of PKC up to 25%. However, fibre content may affect the plasma lipid concentrations.

Keywords

References

  1. Albrink, M. J., T. Newmann and P. C. Davidson. 1979. Effect of high and low fiber diets on plasma lipids and insulin. Anim. J. Clin. Nutr. 32, 1486-1491.
  2. Anderson, J. W. and J. Tietyen-Clark. 1986. Dietary fiber: hyperlipidemia hypertension and coronary heart disease. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 81:907-919.
  3. Chen, W. J. L. and J. W. Anderson. 1979. Effects of guar gum and wheat bran on lipid metabolism of rats. J. Nutr. 109:1028-1034.
  4. Cryer, A. 1985. Lipoprotein lipase-molecular interactions of the enzyme. Biochemical Society Transactions. 13:27-28. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0130027
  5. Davis, R. A. 1991. Lipoprotein structure and function. In: Biochemistry of Lipids, Lipoproteins and Membranes (Ed. D. E. Vance and J. Vance) Elsevier, Amsterdam. pp. 403-426.
  6. Fielding, P. E. and C. J. Fielding. 1991. Dynamics of lipoprotein transport in the circulatory system. In: Biochemistry of Lipids, Lipoproteins and Membranes (Ed. D. E. Vance and J. Vance). Elsevier Science, Amsterdam. pp. 427-459.
  7. Fungwe, T. V., L. Cagen, H. G. Wilcox and M. Heimburg. 1992. Regulation of hepatic secretion of very low density lipoprotein by dietary cholesterol. J. Lipid Research. 33:179-191.
  8. Gariot, P., J. P. Digy, P. Genton, D. Lambert, R. M. H. Bau and G. Debry. 1986. Long term effect of bran ingestion on lipid metabolism in healthy man. Ann. Nutr. Metab. 30:369-373. https://doi.org/10.1159/000177217
  9. Gohl, B. 1981. In Tropical Feeds: Feed Information Summaries and Nutritive Values. FAO Animal Production and Health Series No. 12. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, pp. 364-366.
  10. Gurr, M. I. and J. L. Harwood. 1991. Lipid Biochemistry: An Introduction (4th edition) pp. 224-268.
  11. Loh, T. C. 1997. Growth performance, blood lipids and associated measurements in selected lines of pigs postweaming. Ph.D thesis, University of London, United Kingdom.
  12. Minitab, 1995. Minitab Reference Manual Release 10 (Ed. F. R. Barbara and B. L. Joiner). Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania State College. pp. 86-104.
  13. Nwokolo, E. N., D. B. Bragg and W. D. Kitts. 1976. The availability of amino acids from palm kernel, soybean, cottonseed and rapeseed meal for the growing chick. Poult. Sci. 55:2300-2304. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0552300
  14. Onwudike, O. C. 1986a. Palm kernel meal as a feed for poultry: 2. Diets containing palm kernel meal for starter and grower pullets. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 16:187-194. https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-8401(86)90109-4
  15. Onwudike, O. C. 1986b. Palm kernel meal as a feed for poultry: 3. Replacement of groundnut by palm kernel meal in broiler diets. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 16:195-202. https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-8401(86)90110-0
  16. Onwudike, O. C. 1988. Palm kernel meal as a feed for poultry. 4. Use of palm kernel meal by laying birds. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 20:279-286. https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-8401(88)90002-8
  17. Osei, S. A. and J. Amo. 1987. Palm kernel cake as a broiler feeding ingredient. Poult. Sci. 66:1870-1873. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0661870
  18. Patrick, B., L. Demis, S. Michele, C. Magali and L. Huguette. 1989. Wheat bran and wheat germ: effect on digestion and intestinal absorption of dietary lipids in the rat. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 49:1192-1202.
  19. Rhule, S. W. A. 1996. Growth rate and carcass characteristics of pigs fed diets containing palm kernel cake. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 61:176-172. https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-8401(95)00934-5
  20. B. K. Tan, T. C. Loh, H. L. Foo, N. Abdullah and P. F. Dodds. 2000. Purification of very low density lipoprotein from chicken's plasma by fast protein liquid chromatography. In: Biotechnology as the Catalyst for Economic Growth: From Genes to Proteins. 12th National Biotechnology Seminar, Malaysia. pp. 20-22.
  21. Van Berge-Henegoonan, G. P., A. W. Hubregts, S. Van de Werf, P. Demacker and R. W. Shade. 1979. Effect of standardized wheat bran preparation on serum lipids in young healthy males. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 32:794-798.
  22. Wright, M. M., I. J. Lean, E. Herrera and P. F. Dodds. 1995. Changes in the composition of plasma very low density lipoprotein during pregnancy and lactation in genetic lines of pigs. Anim. Sci. 61:361-365. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1357729800013916
  23. Yeong, S. W. and T. K. Mukherjee. 1983. The effect of palm oil supplementation in palm kernel cake based diets on the performance of broiler chickens. Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute, Research Bulletin. No. 11, pp. 370-384.

Cited by

  1. Effect of palm kernel cake as protein source in a concentrate diet on intake, digestibility and live weight gain of goats fed Napier grass vol.45, pp.3, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-012-0300-4
  2. Generation, Fractionation, and Characterization of Iron-Chelating Protein Hydrolysate from Palm Kernel Cake Proteins vol.81, pp.2, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1111/1750-3841.13200
  3. Effect of feeding different levels of palm kernel cake fermented by Paenibacillus polymyxa ATCC 842 on broiler growth performance, blood biochemistry, carcass characteristics, and meat quality vol.57, pp.5, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1071/AN15359
  4. Production of Defatted Palm Kernel Cake Protein Hydrolysate as a Valuable Source of Natural Antioxidants vol.13, pp.7, 2012, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms13078097
  5. Egg production, faecal pH and microbial population, small intestine morphology, and plasma and yolk cholesterol in laying hens given liquid metabolites produced byLactobacillus plantarumstrains vol.53, pp.1, 2002, https://doi.org/10.1080/00071668.2012.659653