• Polymer(Korea)
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.35-44
• /
• 2006

Poly[1-(cholesteryloxycarbonyloxy)ethylene](PCOE) and poly[1-(cholesteryloxycarbonylheptanoyloxy)ethylene] (PCOSE) were prepared by reacting poly(vinyl alcohol) with cholesteryl chloroformate or 8-cholesteryloxycarbonylheptanoly] chloride (CH8C), and their thermal and optical properties were investigated. CH8C formed a monotropic cholesteric phase whereas PCOE and PCOSE exihibited enantiotropic cholesteric phases. Like in the case of CH8C, the optical pitch $(\lambda_m)$ of PCOSE decreased with increasing temperature. PCOE, contrast with PCOSE, did not display reflection colors, suggesting that the helical twisting power or the cholesteryl group highly depends on the length or the spacer joining the cholesteryl group to the main chain. The mesophase properties of PCOE and PCOSE were entirely different from those of poly $(cholesteryl-\omega-acryloyloxyalkanoates)$. The results indicate that the mode of chemical linkage of the side chain group with the main chain plays an important role in the formation, stabilization, and temperature dependence of $\lambda_m$ of the cholesteric mesophase.

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• v.37 no.11
• /
• pp.777-784
• /
• 2014

Epidemiologic studies have shown that low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is a strong risk factor, whilst high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) reduces the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). Therefore, strategies to manage dyslipidemia in an effort to prevent or treat CHD have primarily attempted at decreasing LDL-C and raising HDL-C levels. Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) mediates the exchange of cholesteryl ester for triglycerides between HDL and VLDL and LDL. We have published the first report indicating that a group of Japanese patients who were lacking CETP had extremely high HDL-C levels, low LDL-C levels and a low incidence of CHD. Animal studies, as well as clinical and epidemiologic evidences, have suggested that inhibition of CETP provides an effective strategy to raise HDL-C and reduce LDL-C levels. Four CETP inhibitors have substantially increased HDL-C levels in dyslipidemic patients. This review will discuss the current status and future prospects of CETP inhibitors in the treatment of CHD. At present anacetrapib by Merck and evacetrapib by Eli Lilly are under development. By 100mg of anacetrapib HDL-C increased by 138%, and LDL-C decreased by 40%. Evacetrapib 500 mg also showed dramatic 132% increase of HDL-C, while LDL-C decreased by 40%. If larger, long-term, randomized, clinical end point trials could corroborate other findings in reducing atherosclerosis, CETP inhibitors could have a significant impact in the management of dyslipidemic CHD patients. Inhibition of CETP synthesis by antisense oligonucleotide or small molecules will produce more similar conditions to human CETP deficiency and may be effective in reducing atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events. We are expecting the final data of prospective clinical trials by CETP inhibitors in 2015.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.27 no.6
• /
• pp.1230-1235
• /
• 1998

For the investigation to the effects of H. cordata on prevention of hypercholesteromia, dietary hypercholesteromic rats were fed for 4 weeks with basial diet containing 5, 10, 15, 20% H. cordata powder, 5, 10 and 15% H. cordata juice. Total cholesterol and triglyceride contents of livers were significantly lower in experimental groups than in control group. Phospholipid contents in livers were not significant difference between control and experimental groups. Contents of free cholesterol in livers were ranged from 0.4$\pm$0.2 to 0.7$\pm$0.5mg/kg and cholesteryl ester contents were lower in H. cordata juice added groups than H. cordata powder added groups. Total cholesterol content in brains were not significant difference between cholesterol not added, H. cordata powder added at 15, 20% and its juice added group at 15%. The more powder and juice of H. cordata were added to basial diets, the lower contents of triglyceride and phospholipid were detected in brains. Contents of free cholesterol and cholesteryl ester in brains were not significance in all experimental groups. In kidneys, total cholesterol contents were not significant in control group and H. cordata powder of 5% was added group. Triglyceride, phospholipid and cholesteryl ester contents in kidney were not significant in all groups. Contents of free cholesterol in kidney were equally significant between cholesterol free and 15% H. cordata juice treated group.

• BMB Reports
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.216-220
• /
• 1995

cDNA for human cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), a potent atherogenic plasma protein that redistributes the neutral lipids among lipoproteins, was expressed in recombinant vaccinia virus-infected cells (CV-1). Two insertion vectors regulated by different promoters were constructed. The vectors were introduced into human thymidine kinase-negative ($TK^-$) 1438 cells infected with wild-type vaccinia virus (WR strain). Recombinant viruses were selected with 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR) and X-gal and identified with DNA dot blot analysis (vSC11-CETP and vTM1-CETP). The CETP cDNA insert in the recombinant vaccinia virus genome was identified by Southern blot analysis. Transcription of CETP cDNA in CV-1 cells infected with recombinant vaccinia virus was monitored by Northern blot analysis using the CETP cDNA as a probe. Positive signals were detected at 1.8 kb in cells infected with vSC11-CETP and at 2.3 kb in cells infected with vTM1-CETP. The recombinant vaccinia virus-infected CV-1 cells were shown to produce functional CETP when the culture medium was subjected to the CETP assay.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.11 no.5
• /
• pp.427-430
• /
• 1990

Cholesteryl aniline ($C_{33}H_{51}N$) is monoclinic, space group $P2_1$, with a = 9.020(3), b = 6.000(1), c = 27.130(9)${\AA},\;{\beta} = 98.22(2)^{\circ}$, Z = 2, Dc = 1.06 g/cm$^3$ and Dm = 1.04 g/cm$^3$. A diffraction data set was collected with Mo-$K_{\alpha}$ radiation (${\lambda} = 0.7107 {\AA}$) on a diffractometer with a graphite monochromator to a maximum 2${\theta}$ value of 50$^{\circ}$, by the ${\omega}-2{\theta}$ scan technique. The coordinates of the non-hydrogen atoms and their anisotropic temperature factors were refined by full-matrix least-squares methods to final R of 0.058. In cholesteryl group, bond distances were normal except in tail part, where high thermal vibration resulted in apparent shortening of the C-C distances. The crystal structure consists of bilayers of thickness $d_{001} = 27.13 {\AA}$, in each of which there is the tail to tail arrangement of molecules aligned in the unit cell with their long axes approximately parallel to the [104] axis. The two halves of the double layer are related to each other by the screw axis.

• BMB Reports
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.261-264
• /
• 1995

The lipids of a Korean native blood-sucking leech (Hirudo nipponia) were isolated and analyzed. Cholesterol, fatty acids, triglycerides, glycerylether diester and cholesteryl esters were found from epidennal extracts. The major fatty acids in the leech skin were $C_{16:0}$, $C_{18:0}$, $C_{20:1}$. $C_{20:3}$ components. These components were derived from cholesteryl esters, glycerides, fatty acids and other polar lipids. After 60 days fasting, cholesterol, fatty acids and triglycerides in the skin were reduced in number and the total fatty acid composition was changed slightly. The data of total fatty acids in fasted and fed leech showed that medium-chain fatty acids were more affected than long-chain fatty acids. Other trace fatty acids appeared to be decreased by fasting.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
• /
• v.14 no.8
• /
• pp.670-674
• /
• 2001

The electro-optical (EO) performance in the vertical-alignment (VA) - 1/4$\pi$ cell photoaligned with polarized UV exposure on a homeotropic photopolymer surfaces was investigated. Excellent voltage-transmittance curve in the VA - 1/4$\pi$ cell photoaligned with polarized UV exposure for 3 min on the photopolymer containing cholesteryl group of 8% can be achieved. The V-T characteristics in the VA-1/4$\pi$ cell photoaligned on the photopolymer surface can be improved by increasing cholesteryl group. For response time measurement, the transmittance characteristics of the VA-1/4$\pi$ cell photopolymer surface was better than that of the VA-1/4$\pi$ cell rubbingaligned on a polyimide(PI) surface.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.79-87
• /
• 1984

Lipid consumption in early life has been implicated with arteriosclerosis in later life. It has been also claimed that lipid contents of serum in early life would reflect coronary atherosclerosis in later life. Present study has been undertaken to look for serum lipid contents of mother and newborn simultaneously to determine the difference of various lipid classes. Lipids were extracted by Folch method. Total lipid was determined gravimetrically; cholesterol by Zak's method, phospholipids by Fiske-Subba-Row's method, and triglycerides by Sugiura's method. Fatty acids were analysed by gas liguid chromatography. Values of the total lipids of mother was significantly higher than those of newborn. HDI-cholesterol/total cholesterol ratio of newborn's was higher than mother's. The amount of saturated fatty acids in the serum cholesteryl ester of newborn was significantly higher than mother's.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
• /
• 2000.07a
• /
• pp.835-838
• /
• 2000

A new photo-alignment material, copoly (PM4Ch-ChMA), copoly (poly (4-methacryloyloxy) chalcone-cholesterol methacrylate) was synthesized and the electro-optical (EO) characteristics for the photo-aligned vertical-aligned (VA)-LC display (LCD) were studied. Good voltage-transmittance (V-T) and response time characteristics for the photo-aligned VA-LCD with polarized UV exposure on the copolymer-1 (2%) surfaces for 1 min. were observed. EO performance for the photo-aligned VA-LCD decreased with increasing UV exposure time on a copolymer surface. Also, excellent V-T and response time characteristics for the photo-aligned VA-LCD with UV exposure on copolymer-2 and copolymer-3 surfaces for 3min. can be achieved.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.2 no.3
• /
• pp.105-112
• /
• 1981

Various $3{\alpha}$, $5{\alpha}$-cyclocholestan-6${\beta}-yl$ ethers were synthesized from solvolysis reactions of cholesteryl tosylate. ${3\alpha}$, $5{\alpha}$-Cyclocholestan-6${\beta}-yl$ sulfides were the sole products when cholesteryl tosylate was solvolyzed in thiol solvents. Diol solvolysis products were derivatized to aromatic esters, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic method was used to show that aromatic rings can approach C-18 methyl group and the side chain.