• 인지과학
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.283-307
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 초등학생을 위한 새로운 수학평가 시스템을 만들고 그 사용가능성을 알아보았다. 이 시스템은 최근 제안된 구성적 선다형 방식(constructive multiple-choice testing system)을 수학에 확장한 것이다. 구성적 선다형은, 동일한 문제에 대해 먼저 개방형으로 반응한다음 다시 같은 문제를 선다형으로 반응하게 하는 방식이다. 그 장점은 과정 정보를 나중에 확인할 수 있고, 수험자는 시험 종료 직후 선다형에 근거하여 피드백을 받을 수 있다는 것이다. 본 연구에서 제안된 시스템은, 수학 문제의 출제, 계정 관리를 위한 관리자 모드와 학생들이 실제 풀이 과정을 메뉴바와 키보드로 입력할 수 있도록 하는 시험 모드로 구성되어 있다. 이 방식으로 시험을 보게 한 집단과 중간 과정을 지필식으로 보게 한 집단을 비교했을 때, 시험 시간은 길어졌지만, 선다형의 집단 간 평균 점수 상에서는 차이가 없음이 관찰되었다. 이 결과는 본 연구에서 구현된 개방형 수학 시험 시스템이 실제 교실 평가에서 효과적으로 사용될 수 있음을 보여준다.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제6권7호
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• pp.1020-1025
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• 2002

정부의 각종 R＆D사업의 성패 결정은 어떠한 과제를 선정하느냐에 달려있다. 이렇듯이 중요한 과제선정을 위해서는 선정평가의 투명성, 객관성 및 신뢰성이 확보되어야 한다. 정보화촉진기금을 관리하면서 연구과제 선정평가 등을 담당하고 있는 정보통신연구진흥원은 90년대 말부터 전자평가시스템을 개발하여 평가에 적용을 신중히 고려하여 왔다. 1999년 대학기초연구지원 사업에 원격 평가를 기본으로 하는 전자평가를 시범적으로 적용하였고, 2n2년에는 전자평가시스템을 적용하여 특정장소에 모여 평가하는 방법으로 전자평가를 진행하여 그 결과를 서면 평가와 비교 분석하였다 1999년에 처음 시도한 전자평가시스템은 과제 제안자관점에서는 과제접수가 용이하고, 과제 공고부터 결과 정리 시 소요되는 총 소요기간 단축으로 과제 선정을 조속히 확정 가능하여 대민 서비스 제고 차원에서 유용한 평가시스템으로 판단되며, 과제관리 차원에서도 인력투입 및 업무량이 46%에서 78%까지 개선되는 것으로 분석되었다. 이와 같은 결과를 바탕으로 전자평가시스템이 적용 가능한 사업을 발굴하여 점진적으로 확대 적용하는 것이 타당하며 향후 추진 과제로 산업체가 제안하는 과제내용에 대해 제안자 동의 없이 자료의 외부유출 방지 등 보안성과 평가자의 전문성 확보 방안에 대한 검토가 필요하다.

• 한국시스템다이내믹스연구
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.133-157
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• 2012

This paper aims to propose the strategy making in social enterprise for ensuring organizational sustainability and governance of social enterprise from systems thinking's perspective. Based on previous reviews on organizational sustainability and theories of governance currently advocated in the social enterprise literature, we use 'Holon Dynamics' approach, which is a synthesis of System Dynamics and Soft Systems Methodology (SSM), offers the problem-solving method for dealing with social contexts and "ill-defined" situations. To do so, a researcher carried out the interpretive action research using 'Holon Dynamics' approach from September, 2009 to August, 2010. The outcomes of research are summarized as follows. Firstly, systems methodologies are useful to offer a strategic choice that makes to achieve an organizational sustainability in the case of Korean social enterprise; 'the Rediscovery of Korea'. Secondly, systems thinking offers an alternative concept of system, which is known as an 'appreciative system' that is evolved from the mental constructs amongst participants in given situations. Lastly, the paper delineates the usefulness of systems thinking and the process of inquiry, which deal with social contexts (including cultural and political factors), are contributed to making the necessary conditions for organizational legitimacy and the appropriate strategic choice for social enterprise within combined functioning of the two roles of social and commercial activities from systemic perspectives.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.49-57
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• 2014

Purpose - Theorists and researchers in the area of customer satisfaction generally agree that product satisfaction intervenes between expectancy disconfirmation and various post-purchase cognitive states including attitude and behavioral intention. Studies in a variety of settings have supported the effect of expectation and its disconfirmation on satisfaction, but only a small number of studies address the cognitive consequences of satisfaction decisions and none report data on choice processes such as brand selection. This study examines the influence of satisfaction and its determinants on behavioral intention and product preference in eight coffee shops across the country. Generally it was found in both overall and summed attribute analyses that satisfaction was a function of expectation and disconfirmation, that intention was a function of satisfaction, and that preference was influenced by satisfaction and disconfirmation, the latter having the greater effect. Research design, data, and methodology - The main objective of this study was to assess the dimensions of consumer selection and satisfaction in choosing a coffee shop. In order to achieve this objective, a study of coffee shops across the country was conducted. This study comprised in-depth questionnaires distributed to coffee shop customers. A survey was conducted from September 1, 2011 to September 30, 2011, involving franchise coffee shop, independently owned coffee shop, and roastery coffee shop customers. Results - Hypothesis 1-1, which states that coffee shop choice attributes differ based on the type of coffee shop, is accepted. It has a significance level of 0.05, according to choosing properties of coffee shop by convenience of transportation, varieties of beans, residence of the owner (manager), information, and relationships. Hypothesis 1-2, which states that satisfaction with the choice factor differs depending on the type of coffee shops, is accepted. The P-values for cleanliness and varieties of beans were 0.04 and 0.00, respectively, and have a significance level of 0.05, according to the satisfaction with the chosen coffee shop. Hypothesis 2-1, which states that the importance of the choice attributes in coffee shop selections differs based on the demographic characteristics of the customers, is accepted. According to the t-test result, convenience of parking and residence of the owner (manager) are significant. Hypothesis 2-2, which states that satisfaction with the choice factor will differ depending of the type of coffee shop, is accepted. According to the t-test result, convenience of parking and residence of the owner (manager) are significant. Conclusions - This study has shown that intention to revisit a certain shop is most likely correlated to satisfaction in all cases. In order to offer subsequent developments for coffee shops, this study also identifies relations between customer satisfaction and selection by finding significant factors. In order to maximize customers' satisfaction, coffee shops should analyze and satisfy customers' needs and wants in terms of coffee service. While the findings do not generalize beyond the mall sampling procedure used here, we have hopefully identified a close approximation of the process of satisfaction decisions used by consumers generally.

• Management Science and Financial Engineering
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.27-31
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• 2014

This paper studies the assortment optimization problem in online retailing by using a multinomial logit model in order to take consumer choice behavior into account. We focus on two unique features of online purchase behavior: first, there exists increased amount of uncertainty (e.g., size and color of merchandize) in online shopping as customers cannot experience merchandize directly. This uncertainty is captured by the scale parameter of a Gumbel distribution; second, online shopping entails unique shopping-related disutility (e.g., waiting time for delivery and security concerns) compared to offline shopping. This disutility is controlled by the changes in the observed part of utility function in our model. The impact of changes in uncertainty and disutility on the expected profit does not exhibit obvious structure: the expected profit may increase or decrease depending on the assortment. However, by analyzing the structure of the optimal assortment based on convexity property of the profit function, we show that the cardinality of the optimal assortment decreases and the maximum expected profit increases as uncertainty or disutility decreases. Therefore, our study suggests that it is important for managers of online retailing to reduce uncertainty and disutility involved in online purchase process.

• 무역학회지
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.23-38
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• 2021

This paper investigated the preference change of payment terms in international trade along with counteroffer or first offer conditions of the other parties. Studies on trade payment terms have mainly focused on payment term determination factors such as firm size, product price level, country credit rate, etc. We tried to find other factors affecting payment terms choice, during the negotiation process. We applied behavioral economics theories such as 'Status Quo Bias' and 'Anchoring effect' to build our research model. To prove the existence of the above effects, we proceeded with field experiments to the exporting companies in Alibaba.com. Both 'Status Quo Bias' and 'Anchoring effect' were found in the field experiment. Most of the exporting companies preferred traditional payment methods to new payment methods. And an initial request for a low advance payment ratio led to a lower advance payment ratio. Also, the experience of using new payment methods could diminish status quo bias. This paper applied behavioral economics theories and field experiment methodology to the payment term studies in international trades. These attempts could contribute to expanding the diversity of methodology and scope of international trade studies.

• KIEE International Transaction on Electrical Machinery and Energy Conversion Systems
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• 제4B권2호
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• pp.92-99
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• 2004

This paper intends to provide practical safety analysis methods and the criteria for method selections. A careful choice of safety analysis techniques will enhance the efficiency of the safety case process. A couple of recommendations are provided from practical experience.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제10권10호
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• pp.53-65
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• 2019

Purpose - Current study aimed at investigating the effects of the choice easiness as a thought triggered at the time of making decision and the goal achievement emotion as a prediction of how consumers feel in the state of achieving consumption goal on brand purchase intention. And It also explored moderation role of incidental pride type such as ambient hubris pride and ambient authentic pride felt before the event in the effects of message type such as self-verifying message and self-enhancing message on the choice easiness and the goal achievement emotion. Research design, data, and methodology - Message type was divided into self-verifying message and self-enhancing message. Incidental pride type was divided into hubris and authentic pride. Smart mobile phone was selected for empirical study. And the experiment was performed with 2(pride type: hubristic versus authentic) × 2(message type: self-verifying message versus self-enhancing message) between-subjects design. Questionnaires from 215 undergraduate students were used to test hypotheses by Macro process model 7. The hypotheses were tested at each of self-verifying message group and self-enhancing message group. Results - First, both choice easiness and goal achievement emotion positively influenced on the purchase intention at both self-verifying message group and self-enhancing message group. Second, at self-verifying message group, the positive effects of self verification on both choice easiness and goal achievement emotion were higher to the customers under incidental hubris pride than to those under incidental authentic pride customers. Third, at self-enhancing message group, the positive effects of self enhancement on goal achievement emotion were higher to the customers under incidental authentic pride than to those under incidental hubris pride. However, at self-enhancing message group, the positive effects of self enhancement on choice easiness (goal achievement emotion) were not higher (higher) to the customers under incidental authentic pride than to those under incidental hubris pride. Conclusions - Focusing on the results of this study, to promote their brand purchase intention, brand managers should use self-enhancing message to induce goal achievement emotion from incidental authentic pride customers. And the brand managers should develop and use self-verifying message to induce choice easiness as well as goal achievement emotion from hubris pride customers, which in turn, promote their brand purchase intention.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 1992년도 한국자동제어학술회의논문집(국내학술편); KOEX, Seoul; 19-21 Oct. 1992
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• pp.188-193
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• 1992

The PID controllers which is widely used in the process industry are poorly damped when the dynamic process contains significant dead time or when there are random disturbances acting on the plant. GPC is known to be more superior than conventional self-tuning algorithm in overcoming above problem and prior choice of model order. In this paper, we propose the method which determine the parameter of PID controller from minimization of GPC criterion. The controller has emplicit scheme which is comprised of parameter estimation and PID control design. Simulation results show the performance of the proposed self-tuning PID controller.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.25-33
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• 2017

Purpose - This study aims to explore how a combination of the advertisement presentation vividness and consumers' regulatory focus affects choice. In addition, it seeks to the understanding for the psychological process by using consumers' response with experimental designs. Research design, data, and methodology - This research conducted two experiments based on the scenario. Specifically, Experiment 1 used a 2 (vividness of advertisement presentation: picture vs. word) × 2 (regulatory focus: prevention focus vs. promotion focus) between-subjects design. Experiment 2 used a 2 (vividness of advertisement presentation: detailed description vs. less detailed description) × 2 (regulatory focus: prevention focus vs. promotion focus) between-subjects design. Results - Two studies showed that prevention-focused individuals, when presented with a vivid presentation, were more likely to choose the advertised option compared with advertisements presented less vividly appearance. In contrast, promotion-focused individuals showed no difference in choice shares regardless of advertisement presentation vividness. In addition, these effects were mediated by the imagery toward the advertised information. Conclusions - The current research found how consumers' inherent motivation affects the extent of imagery in a purchase decision and a new perspective to previous studies with regards to regulatory focus. Further, this research suggested new advertisement strategies to corporations.