• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.163-173
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• 2006

The so called Antarctic Treaty System, started from the Antarctic Treaty in 1959, has gradually been enlarged into the concept of an international environmental regime, which has been included in not a few international institutions, treaties, conventions, and international non-governmental organizations (INGO). This kind of movement, as in the role of an international environmental regime, has recently been highlighted in the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty. This Protocol is taking appropriate measures as an international environmental regime in regulating its member nations by enforcing principles in protecting Antarctic resources and environment, regulating member nations' Antarctic activities, establishing norms in the adoption of international and domestic laws, and devising regulations for deciding administrative actions through the member nations' collective decision-making procedures. h this context, this paper is to test a few questions; firstly, how the Antarctic Treaty System can be related with the role of international environmental regime; secondly, how the theories of international environmental regime, such as the hegemony theory, rational choice theory, and international morality theory, can be tested in the role of Antarctic Treaty System as an international environmental regime. Finally, this paper provides a solution for the future problems of the Antarctic Treaty System as an international environmental regime regarding the regime's principle (conflict between the environmental principle and the right of nation-state), norms and regulations (the conflict between the developed and underdeveloped nations in terms of the concept of 'common but differentiated environmental responsibility'), cooperation directions (the leadership problems between hegemonic nation and multilateral leading groups), and management methods (cooperation and arrangement problems among expert institutions, observer groups, and INGO).

• 한국언론정보학보
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• 제51권
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• pp.136-155
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• 2010

미디어 다양성은 글로벌 시장에서의 경쟁이라는 '환상의 짝꿍'과 더불어 한국 미디어 정책을 규정하는 화두로 등장했다. 미국식 기능 행태주의가 주도하는 미디어 정책은 다양성을 시장경쟁, 소비주체의 자유로운 선택이라는 좁은 울타리에 가둔다. 이에 본 논문은 다양성 그 자체를 하나의 완결한 정책목표로 보는 시각에 근본적인 문제제기를 하고자 한다. 다양성이 미디어 정책 담론의 전면에 등장하는 계기를 한국의 중첩적 정치 경제 맥락 속에서 파악하면서, 본 논문은 기존 계량주의 다양성 연구를 비판적으로 분석한다. 나아가 미디어 다양성이 '측정의 과학'에 과도하게 집착해 탈정치화하는 경향을 주목하며 문화연구자들이 미디어 다양성을 보다 진보적으로 전취하기 위한 몇 가지 제안을 하고자 한다. 핵심적인 주장은 미디어 다양성은 시장의 경쟁과 미디어 상품의 다양화라는 신자유주의의 경제논리를 넘어서야 한다는 것이다. 비판적 문화연구자들은 미디어 다양성을 한국 민주주의의 심화라는 보다 큰 정치 프로젝트 속에서 미디어 공공성의 강화, 독립 대안 미디어에 대한 실질적 지원, 급진적 정체성의 정치학 등의 전략과 함께 고려해야 한다.

• 의학교육논단
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.90-98
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• 2016

Assessment tools for non-academic qualities such as ethics frequently employ hypothetical scenarios to lay out a contextual framework underlying the corresponding criteria of assessment. Due to the context-specific nature of the assessment criteria, details of the scenarios become very important in obtaining accurate results. This study aims to explore how medical school applicants differ in ethical decision making depending on the types of ethical dilemma scenarios, and how they correlate with academic achievements after admission. In 2014, all 82 applicants invited for an admission interview for a graduate-entry program were asked to complete a questionnaire comprised of 13 hypothetical scenarios. There were three domains (unethical business decisions, unethical academic decisions, and sexual quid pro quos) and participants were made to choose between the profitable-but-unethical choice or the unprofitable-but-ethical choice, using a four-point Likert-type scale. On average, tendencies toward unethical decisions were lowest for sexual favors ($1.34{\pm}0.46$), and highest for gaining academic advantages ($2.22{\pm}0.56$). Unethical decisions for academic advantages and sexual benefits showed significant correlation respectively with the female gender and those who graduated from overseas universities. In addition, the propensity for choosing unethical academic decisions was significantly correlated with high academic achievements in medical school (r=0.396). Not only does this study demonstrate that different levels of ethical decision making depend on the scenarios, but also those differences may be a determinant factor in subsequent academic performances in medical school. In conclusion, given the possible influence of the details of the hypothetical scenarios to the applicant's responses, careful consideration must be given during their development.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.61-73
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• 2021

Purpose: The transition from a traditional to a modern food distribution system induces several adjustments on the supply side since supermarkets must collect food on a larger scale and with higher quality standards. This situation becomes a real challenge for small scale farmers to access supply in a modern distribution channel. This gives rise to an original solution: supplying supermarkets through farmer associations or cooperatives. Based on this context of Vietnam linking to the case of distribution science, the paper proposes an industrial organization model of the food processing system in developing countries. The model presents the competitive relationship between two competing distribution systems: a traditional and a modern one. The former is composed of several retailers that sell their products on the traditional market while the latter is based on cooperatives that collect food and negotiate with supermarkets. The current study is to discuss the conditions under which the evolution of the food distribution system occurs by using the proposed model. Research design, data, and methodology: Based on the proposed model, the study explored the quantity flow from small producers to consumers through a Nash equilibrium and address the question of farmer repartition by a free-entry equilibrium. Results: The result shows that there is a unique positive equilibrium in the food market with participation of cooperative associations; Since farmers serve cooperative associations, they not only receive quantity incentive prices but also share profits within their organization. Conclusions: This study shows a unique distribution equilibrium where the profits of farmers working for middlemen and cooperatives are maximized. Further insights were discussed.

• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.29-49
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• 2022

Consumers are now no longer satisfied with using a single channel to shop and then desire a smooth and consistent purchasing experience across channels. By integrating different channels and services, an omni-channel strategy allows consumers to choose their preferred channel to complete their shopping tasks. Therefore, large retailers in China have recently been transforming into omni-channel retail formats to secure their competitive advantage. To better implement this strategy and optimize its effectiveness, it is important to understand how consumers respond to the quality of channel integration. Based on social exchange theory (SET), the main purposes of this study are to explore the impact of channel integration quality on consumer engagement in the Chinese omni-channel retailing environment and to further examine whether there is a moderating effect of consumer empowerment on this relationship. To test this research model, we collected data from 330 respondents by conducting an online questionnaire in China. The results indicated that the two dimensions of channel integration (breadth of channel-service choice and transparency of channel-service configuration) positively affected two dimensions of customer engagement (conscious attention and enthusiastic participation), respectively. The findings also show that consumer empowerment only positively moderates the relationship between breadth of channel service choice and conscious attention, whereas it negatively moderates the relationship between transparency of channel-service configuration and conscious attention/enthusiastic participation. Given these results, this study deepens our understanding of the impact of the quality of channel integration on customer engagement in the context of omni-channel retailing in China and sheds light on how retailers can attract consumers with different levels of empowerment.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.293-302
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• 2023

This review paper delves into the comparative study of epinephrine and phenylephrine as vasoconstrictors in dental anesthesia, exploring their histories, pharmacological properties, and clinical applications. The study involved a comprehensive literature search, focusing on articles that directly compared the two agents in terms of efficacy, safety, and prevalence in dental anesthesia. Epinephrine, with its broad receptor profile, has been a predominant choice, slightly outperforming in the context of prolonging dental anesthesia and providing superior hemostasis, which is crucial for various dental procedures. However, the stimulation of beta-adrenergic receptors caused by epinephrine poses risks, especially to patients with cardiovascular conditions. Phenylephrine, a selective alpha-1 adrenergic agonist, emerges as a safer alternative for such patients, avoiding the cardiovascular risks associated with epinephrine. Moreover, its vasoconstrictive effect may not be as deleterious as that of epinephrine, due to its selective action. This review reveals that despite the potential benefits of phenylephrine, epinephrine continues to dominate in clinical settings, due to its historical familiarity, availability, and cost-effectiveness. The lack of commercially available pre-made phenylephrine dental carpules in most countries, except Brazil, and a knowledge gap within dental academia regarding phenylephrine, contribute to its limited use. This review concludes that while both agents are effective, the choice between them should be based on individual patient conditions, availability, and the practitioner's knowledge and familiarity with the agents. The underuse of other vasoconstrictors like levonordefrin and the unavailability of phenylephrine in pre-mixed dental cartridges in many countries highlights the need for further exploration and research in this field. Furthermore, we also delve into the role of levonordefrin and examine the rationale behind the exclusion of phenylephrine from commercially available pre-mixed local anesthetic carpules, suggesting a need for a responsive approach from pharmaceutical manufacturers to the distinct needs of the dental community.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.187-203
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• 2009

Objectives : Korean director Bong Joon-ho's movie 'Mother' is a story about a woman who struggles to save her son from an indictment of murder. This movie premiered at the 2009 Cannes film festival. The present study aimed to investigate the various roles of acupuncture in the plot from the perspective of movie professionals, including critics, writers and producers. Methods : We investigated the meaning of acupuncture as a subject matter in this movie. Participants who work in the film industry or are studying film were included. Survey questions were organized in a two part open-ended questionnaire and in multiple-choice form. The questionnaires were distributed via e-mail or the subjects were contacted directly. Results: In this movie, acupuncture serves at least three roles. The first role it serves is as a symbol of the mother role in her son's life and in her community. Acupuncture also works as a conduit for communication and a means of earning a living for the mother. She strives to clear her son's name by discovering the real murderer through performing acupuncture. Finally, the acupuncture box is crucial in the son's understanding of the mother's role in the crime. Seventy-nine percent of those surveyed responded that acupuncture was an important motif in this movie. Conclusions : These findings, in addition to those of previous studies, suggest that acupuncture can serve as a useful context for mass communication in media. The understanding of the meaning of acupuncture in the movie provides useful information on the perception of acupuncture modality today.

• 정보과학회 컴퓨팅의 실제 논문지
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• 제22권10호
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• pp.479-487
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• 2016

음악 스트리밍 서비스의 대중화로 음악의 소유 없이 언제든 원하는 듣고 싶은 노래를 들을 수 있게 되었다. 넓어진 선택권은 역설적으로 노래를 선택하기 어렵게 만들었다. 이러한 선택의 어려움을 극복하기 위해 음악 추천에 대한 관심이 높아졌고 판도라와 Last.fm과 같은 상용 서비스뿐 아니라 음악 정보 검색 분야의 연구자들도 다양한 추천 시스템을 제안하였다. 내용 기반 필터링과 협업 필터링 방식이 주류인 기존의 추천 시스템은 음악 감상의 주요 요인인 맥락을 고려하지 않았다는 한계점을 지니고 있다. 본 논문에서는 음악을 선택하는 맥락 중 주요한 요인인 감정을 이용한 노래간 유사도 측정 방법을 제안하여 새로운 추천 시스템에 대한 가능성을 탐색한다. 노래의 감정 추출에 가사를 이용하였고 가사에서 노래의 구조도 추출해 노래의 의미적 분석을 시도하였다. 실험을 통해 제안한 모델이 기존의 추천 시스템에 비해 작은 계산 복잡성으로 기존 모델과 유사한 성능을 보일 수 있음을 보였다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.20-30
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• 2012

증강현실은 가상 객체를 통해 현실 세계에서 독특한 체험을 할 수 있다는 것이 가장 큰 장점이지만 가상 객체를 영상 정합하기 위한 마커 기술의 한계로 인해 제한적인 상호작용만 가능하다는 문제가 발생한다. 본 논문에서는 기존의 마커 기술이 가진 한계점을 보완할 수 있는 차세대 마커 기술을 제안한다. IR LED를 마커의 형태로 조합한 후 M2M이 가진 LED VLC의 개념을 융합한 것으로써, 사용자가 속한 환경 및 개인적 취향을 하나의 맥락으로 표현하여 OOK IR LED 마커 알고리즘을 통해 시스템에 전달하는 마커기술이다. 사용자의 취향에 따라 가상 객체를 변경하기 위해 즉석에서 마커를 조작할 수 있고, 여러 개의 가상 객체에 대하여 동시 정합 및 제어를 가능하게 한다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제15권10호
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• pp.193-199
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• 2017

본 연구는 모조품에 대해 사람들이 가질 수 있는 위험 또는 수익이 점화되었을 때 그들이 자신을 어떻게 추론하는지에 따라 구매의도가 상이함을 밝히고자 하였다. 실존하는 브랜드의 모조품을 활용하였고 358명의 대학생이 피험자로 참여한 실험의 결과, 위험의 도메인 하에서는 독립적인 자아추론을 할 경우 재정적인 위험이 크다고 지각할 때 사회적인 위험이 크다고 지각할 때보다 구매의도가 낮았으며, 상호보완적인 자아추론을 할 때는 반대의 양상이 나타났다. 한편, 수익의 도메인 하에서는 비대칭의 양상이 나타났는데, 독립적인 자아추론을 할 경우 재정적인 수익이 크다고 지각할 때 사회적인 수익이 크다고 지각할 때보다 구매의도가 낮았으며, 상호보완적인 자아추론을 할 때는 사회적인(vs. 재정적인) 수익이 크다고 지각할 때가 높은 구매의도를 보였다. 이 같은 연구결과는 모조품에 대한 지각과 행동적 반응에 대한 다양한 각도의 접근이 필요함을 시사한다.