• 제목/요약/키워드: Chlorinated phenols

검색결과 23건 처리시간 0.012초

Chlorobenzene 및 Chlorinated Phenol류의 분해에 미치는 초음파의 응용 (Application of Ultrasounds for the Removal of Chlorobenzene and Chlorinated Phenols in Water)

  • 우영억;황규탁
    • 환경위생공학
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    • 제15권4호
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    • pp.35-43
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    • 2000
  • Aqueous solutions of chlorobenzene and chlorinated phenols were exposed to 200kHz ultrasound with a power of $6.0W/\textrm{cm}^2$ per unit volume on sonochemical reactor under ambient temperature and pressure conditions. The concentration of chlorobenzene and chlorinated phenols decreased with ultrasound, indicating first-order kinetics. Degradation rate constants are calculated from the slope of plots. The order of the rate constants is as follows : 2-chlorphenol(2-CP)$\leq$ 4-chlorophenol(4-CP)<3-chlorophenol(3-CP)$5.63~9.96({\times}10^{-2})min^{-1}$ under argon. The degradation was suppressed by the addition of t-BuOH and the suppressed yield was agreed with their reactivity for hydroxy radical. The main products of these systems were formic acid, acetic acid, small amount of methane and inorganic carbon forms as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide in sonolysis of chlorinated phenols, and also these results agreed with change of TOC.

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HDTMA-몬모릴로나이트를 이용한 염화페놀류 화합물의 흡착 및 탈착시 pH의 영향 (Effect of pH on the sorption and desorption of chlorinated phenols using HDTMA-montmorillonite)

  • 김지훈;김영규;신원식;김영훈;최상준;전영웅;송동익
    • 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국지하수토양환경학회 2001년도 추계학술발표회
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    • pp.19-22
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    • 2001
  • The effects of pH on the sequential sorption/desorption of chlorinated phenols (2-chlorophenol, 2.4-dichlorophenol and 2,4,5-trichlorophenol) in HDTMA-montmorillonite were investigated by maintaining pH 4.85 or 9.15 in the sequential batch sorption and desorption experiments. The chlorinated phenols are hydrophobic ionizable orginic compounds; they can exist as either neutral (pH << pKa) or anionic (pH >> pKa) forms. Among the tested chlorinated phenols, 2,4,5-trichlorophenol showed the highest sorption affinity at pH 4.85 as expected by the $K_{ow}$ . Neutral speciation at pH 4.85 exhibited higher sorption affinity than anionic speciation at pH 9.15. Our results indicates that desorption of chlorinated phenols is strongly dependent on pH of the aqueous phase. Freundlich model was used to analyze the single-solute sorption/desorption results. The ideal adsorbed solution theory(IAST) was employed to predict the hi-solute sorption/desorption equilibria.

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복합미생물제재를 이용한 염소화 페놀계 폐수의 생물학적 처리 (Biological Treatment of Wastewater Containing Chlorinated Phenols by a Mixed Culture)

  • 오희목;이완석;정상욱;박찬선;윤병대;김장억
    • 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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    • 제29권2호
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    • pp.115-121
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    • 2001
  • 복합미생물제재를 사용하여 인공폐수에서 염소화 페놀화합물의 생물학적 분해를 조사하기 위하여 다양한 염소화 페놀화합물로 오염된 토양에서 8종의 미생물을 분리하였다. 복합미생물제재의 주된 미생물인 Pseudomonas sp. BM은 Gram-negative, catalase- 그리고 oxidase-positive, rod 형이며 $41^{\circ}C$ 이상에서는 성장하지 않았다. Pseudomonas sp. BM은 단일 탄소원으로서의 PCP(pentachlorophenol) 500mg/l의 농도로 첨가된 최소배지에서 배양 3일 후에 99%의 분해효율을 보였다. 복합미생물제재에 여러 가지 종류의 유기탄소 및 질소원을 첨가한 후 PCP의 분해효율을 관찰하였을 때 큰 차이를 나타내지 못하였다. Pseudomonas sp. BM은 pH 5에서 8까지 넓은 적용범위를 가지고 있으나 pH 7에서 가장 좋은 활성을 나타내었다. 종류가 다른 염소화 페놀을 함유한 인공폐수에서 염소화 페놀화합물의 분해시험은 7일간 배양후 최저 분해효율 73%(2,4-DCP)에서 최대 96%(2-CP)까지 비교적 높은 활성을 보였다. 연속배양 실험에서, 활성 슬러지와 복합미생물제재를 첨가한 것의 PCP 분해효율을 비교해 보았을 때 활성 슬러지만을 첨가한 대조구에 비해 복합미생물제재를 첨가하였을 때는 약 2배의 효과를 나타내었다. 이와 같은 결과는 다양한 염소화 페놀이 함유된 폐수에 복합미생물제재의 적용이 가능함을 나타낸다.

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Nonaqueous Capillary Electrophoresis of Chlorinated Phenols

  • 김보정;전만석;신상무;정두수
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • 제20권12호
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    • pp.1483-1486
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    • 1999
  • The contents of pentachlorophenol (PCP) and 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenol (TeCP) in textile products are regulated for safety. Since an organic solvent such as 2-methoxyethanol is needed to extract chlorinated phenols from textile samples, nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis has been applied to achieve the separation of PCP and isomers of TeCP. The run buffer was 100 mM Tris/acetate in methanol whose pH was adjusted to 8.0. All of the analytes were negatively charged at pH 8.0 and their electrophoretic velocities were higher than the electroosmotic flow of the methanol buffer. A reverse voltage of -20 kV was applied along a 27-cm fused silica capillary with ID of 50 μm, and PCP and 3 TeCP isomers were separated based on the difference in $pK_a$ values in less than 4 min. The limits of detection (S/N = 3) were about 0.02 μM. By varying pH of the methanol run buffer, $pK_a$ values of the 4 chlorinated phenols were also estimated.

The Role of (Chloro-) Phenols in the Formation of Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans in Municipal Waste Incinerators

  • Ryu, Jae-Yong;Jang, Seong-Ho
    • 한국환경과학회지
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    • 제16권1호
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    • pp.9-19
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    • 2007
  • Comparing predicted PCDF isomer patterns with those obtained from a municipal waste incinerator assessed the role of two-phenol condensation pathways in the formation of PCDFs. Complete PCDF homologue and isomer distributions were obtained from a Fluidized Bed Incinerator (FBI). Two-phenol condensation model, dependent only on the distributions of phenols, was developed to predict the PCDF congeners produced from phenol precursors. R-squared values from linear correlations are presented for the dichlorinated through hexa-chlorinated isomer distributions between measured and predicted. They range from 0.00: to 0.1 far the di-chlorinated through hexa-chlorinated isomer sets. Agreement between predicted and measured PCDF isomer distributions was very poor for all homologues. Two-phenol condensation pathways are not likely to be the pre-dominant pathways in the formation of PCDF in a FBI. However, dibenzofuran (DF) is likely to be produced from a condensation of two phenols. This work demonstrates the use of PCDF homologue and isomer patterns for testing PCDF formation mechanism from two-phenol condensation pathways in municipal waste incinerators.

염소화페놀 오염토양에서 분리한 Pentachlorophenol 분해균주의 특성 (Characterization of PCP-degrading Bacteria Isolated from PCP-contaminated Soils)

  • 이성기;윤병대;권기석;오희목
    • 한국토양환경학회지
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    • 제1권1호
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    • pp.39-46
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    • 1996
  • 본 연구는 염소화페놀 오염토양을 효과적으로 정화할 수 있는 bioremediation기술 개발을 위하여 자연계로부터 염소화 페놀화합물 분해 미생물을 탐색하고, 토양중의 pentachlorophenol(PCP, 오염소화 페놀)에 대한 분석기술을 확립하였으며, 토양에서 분리한 10 종의 PCP 분해균주들에 대한 특성을 조사하였다. 전국 각지에서 채집한 15개의 토양시료를 분석한 결과 인천공단부근의 1 site에서 50-100$mu\textrm{g}$/g wet soil의 PCP가 검출되었다. 토양시료에서 분리한 우량균주들에 대한 PCP 분해능과 균체성장을 조사하였을 때,500-1,000mg/ι의 PCP 분해에 소요되는 시간과 분해정도는 균주에 따라 변화하였으며, Bul 균주의 경우 90%의 PCP감소에 216시간이 소요되었다 특히, Bu34 균주는 4,000mg/ι의 PCP를 분해하는 초강력세균으로 Pseudomonas putida Bu34로 동정되었다. 이와 같이 PCP오염현장에서 분리된 우수한 균주는 PCP오염지의 bioremediation에 매우 효과적으로 사용될 수 있을 것이다.

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전극을 전자공여체로 이용한 생물전기화학공정에서의 염소화페놀의 탈염소화 (Reductive Dechlorination of Chlorinated Phenols in Bio-electrochemical Process using an Electrode as Electron Donor)

  • 전현희;박대원
    • KSBB Journal
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    • 제22권3호
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    • pp.134-138
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    • 2007
  • 미생물이 환원된 전극을 전자공여체로 이용하고, 염소화페놀을 전자수용체로 이용하는 새로운 혐기성 호흡의 생물전기화학공정을 통해 2,6-DCP을 탈염소시킬 수 있는지를 조사하였다. 이를 위해 전류의 유무에 따른 농도변이와 전극 표면을 주사전자현미경으로 관찰한 결과, 전류가 흐르는 경우에만 염소화페놀이 완전히 제거됨을 보였으며, 전극표면에 생물막이 형성된 것을 통해서 전극이 전자공여체 역할을 함으로서 탈염소시킬 수 있음을 증명하였다. 또한, 본 연구의 생물전기화학공정을 통해서 고농도의 염소화페놀 적용도 가능한지를 조사하고 Monod식을 이용하여 최대 탈염소화 속도를 산정하였는데 본 실험의 최대초기농도인 $457mg/{\ell}$까지 분해가 가능하였으며, 최대탈염소화 속도는 $5.95mg/{\ell}$-h($cm^2$ (electrode surface area))이었다.

Aerobic Degradation of Tetrachloroethylene(PCE) by Pseudomonas stutzeri OX1

  • Ryoo, Doohyun;Shim, Hojae;Barbieri, Paola;Wood, Thomas K.
    • 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국지하수토양환경학회 2000년도 추계학술대회
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    • pp.207-208
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    • 2000
  • Since trichloroethylene (TCE), dichloroethylene (DCE), and vinyl chloride (VC) arise from anaerobic degradation of tetrachloroethylene (PCE) and TCE, there is interest in creating aerobic remediation systems that avoid the highly toxic VC and cis-DCE which predonominate in anaerobic degradation. However, it seemed TCE could not be degraded aerobically without an inducing compound (which also competitively inhibits TCE degradation). It has been shown that TCE induces expression of both the toluene dioxygenase of p. putida F1 as well as toluene-p-monooxygenase of P.mendocina KRI. We investigated here the ability of PCE, TCE, and chlorinated phenols to induce toluene-o-xylene monooxygenase (ToMO) from P.stutzeri OX1. ToMO has a relaxed regio-specificity since it hydroxylates toluene in the ortho, meta, and para positions; it also has a broad substrate range as it oxidizes o-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene, toluene, benzene, ethylbenzene, styrene, and naphthalene; chlorinated compounds including TCE, 1, 1-DCE, cis-DCE, trans-DCE, VC, and chloroform : as well as mixtures of chlorinated aliphatics (Pseudomonas 1999 Maui Meeting). ToMO is a multicomponent enzyme with greatest similarity to the aromatic monooxygenases of Burkholderia pickettii PKO1 and P.mendocina KR1. Using P.sturzeri OX1, it was found that PCE induces P.mendocina KR1 Using P.situtzeri OX1, it was found that PCE induces ToMO activity measured as naphthalene oxygenase activity 2.5-fold, TCE induces 2.3-fold, and toluene induces 3.0 fold. With the mutant P.stutzeri M1 which does not express ToMO, it was also found there was no naphthalene oxygenate activity induced by PCE and TCE; hence, PCE and TCE induce the tow path. Using P.putida PaW340(pPP4062, pFP3028) which has the tow promoter fused to the reporter catechol-2, 3-dioxygenase and the regulator gene touR, it was determined that the tow promoter was induced 5.7-, 7.1-, and 5.2-fold for 2-, 3-, 4-chlorophenol, respectively (cf. 8.9-fold induction with o-cresol) : however, TCE and PCE did not directly induce the tou path. Gas chromatography and chloride ion analysis also showed that TCE induced ToMO expression in P.stutzeri OX1 and was degraded and mineralized. This is the first report of significant PCE induction of any enzyme as well as the first report of chlorinated compound induction of the tou operon. The results indicate TCE and chlorinated phenols can be degraded by P.stutzeri OX1 without a separate inducer of the tou pathway and without competitive inhibition.

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고분자재료에 대한 항균성 물질과 적용 (Antimicrobial Agents and Applications on Polymeric Materials)

  • 이재웅
    • 한국염색가공학회지
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    • 제20권3호
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    • pp.39-56
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    • 2008
  • A wide variety of materials including aldehydes, cationic agents, alcohols, peroxygens, phenols and chlorinated phenols, metal ions are being employed as biocides. Among three levels for biocidal functions (sanitization, disinfection and sterilization), disinfection is an enough level for antimicrobial textiles. In terms of antimicrobial agents for textile applications, quaternary ammonium salts (QAS), chitosan, metal and metal salts, N-halamine based materials are developed with numerous research and the positive ions of those materials may result in disinfection of microorganisms. Photocatalysts, especially titanium dioxide (titania) produces the hydroxyl radical (${\cdot}\;OH$) which causes inactivation of microorganisms after UV radiation, have been used for antimicrobial applications.

Candida tropicalis PW-51을 이용한 페놀수지 폐수의 처리 (Treatment of Phenolic Resin Wasterwater by Candida tropicalis PW-51)

  • 김성빈;김희식;오희목;윤병대;김치경
    • 미생물학회지
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    • 제35권3호
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    • pp.237-241
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    • 1999
  • 페놀수지 폐수는 41,000 mg/l 의 페놀과 2,800 mg/l 의 포름알데히드를 포함하고 있어 직접적인 생물학적 처리가 어렵다. 자연계에서 분리된 Candida tropicalis PW-51 은 100 mg/l 이하의 포름알데히드 존재하에서 1,000 mg/l 의 페놀을 분해하였으나 포름알데히드의 농도가 증가함에 따라 페놀분해는 저해되었다. 페놀수지 폐수를 1/40 희석하였을 때 페놀류 화합물 농도가 882 mg/l 이었는데, 회분배양 후 페놀농도는 81 mg/l로 약 91% 분해되었다. 폐수를 1/40, 1/20 희석한 후 C.tropicalis PW-51에 의해 생물학적으로 연속처리한 결과 페놀류 화합물은 92% 까지 분해되었다. 그러나 1/10 희석된 폐수에서는 초기 페놀류 화합물 농도가 2,875 mg/l로 높아 생물학적 처리가 이루어지지 않고 균체가 사멸하였다. 1/40, 1/20 희석된 페수의 생물학적 처리후 잔류 페놀류 화합물을 흡착처리한 결과 최종 처리수에서 페놀류 화합물의 농도는 1 mg/l 이하로 총 페놀제거효율은 99.9%에 달하였다.

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