• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.579-597
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• 2008

This article discusses David Henry Hwang's M. Butterfly as a suggestive text for examining Western masculinity in crisis in the post-imperialist age, in which territorial imperialism is no longer valid. Previous scholarship on M. Butterfly has centered around the interlocking dynamics of imperialism, racism and sexism. Such critical attentions focus on how Hwang deconstructs racialized significations of the East and the West. In these discussions, the issue of gender is often addressed merely as a trope to represent the power relations between the East and the West. As such, gender as well as sexuality is highlighted as the very source of subversion of the power relations. My discussion departs from a critique of the gendered trope of the East and the West, highlighting a postmodern agent, the allegedly feminized character Song Lining: a Chinese actor who passes for a woman for political purposes in postcolonial China. Remaining an "inappropriate/d other" in the gendered imperialist discourse, Song becomes an emergent subject, who is capable of playing gender ambiguity for reclaiming a devalued identity, that of homosexual Asian man. Discussing how the central character Rene Gallimard's masculine identity is constructed in a cross-cultural space and how it evolves, I also argue that Gallimard's melancholic death signifies a historical unsustainability of imperialist masculinity in the postmodern/postcolonial age since World War II.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.65-77
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• 2021

Lee Jema said in his book, Dongui Susebowon, that the prescriptions for Soum constitutional type were already developed by doctors during the Song Jin Yuan China around 10th-13th century. Those prescriptions were common techniques that were used throughout the East Asian region. Among them, Lee Jema specially selected some candidate formulas and modified them according to his constitutional theory. This study investigated how similar his modified prescriptions to original formulas through database[ancient formula database] analysis. 24 out of 24 Soum prescriptions selected meaningful ingredient herbs from the original formula. A 50% or higher concordance rate compared to the original formulas. There are only 9 treatment prescriptions that cannot be checked in the ancient formula database. A future task will be to reveal the practical meanings of the ingredients Lee Jema adjusted for the Soum constitutional type patients.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.299-312
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• 2021

It is necessary to achieve high performance in the task of zero anaphora resolution (ZAR) for completely understanding the texts in Korean, Japanese, Chinese, and various other languages. Deep-learning-based models are being employed for building ZAR systems, owing to the success of deep learning in the recent years. However, the objective of building a high-quality ZAR system is far from being achieved even using these models. To enhance the current ZAR techniques, we fine-tuned a pretrained bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT). Notably, BERT is a general language representation model that enables systems to utilize deep bidirectional contextual information in a natural language text. It extensively exploits the attention mechanism based upon the sequence-transduction model Transformer. In our model, classification is simultaneously performed for all the words in the input word sequence to decide whether each word can be an antecedent. We seek end-to-end learning by disallowing any use of hand-crafted or dependency-parsing features. Experimental results show that compared with other models, our approach can significantly improve the performance of ZAR.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.19
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• pp.359-388
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• 2010

This study is aimed to investigate the aspect of using relative clauses in Korean. The data used for this study were extracted from the Korean text books for the foreign students and from the Chinese students' Korean compositions. They are the learners of Korean language at the early intermediated stage. As the result of analyzing them, the followings were found I)the majority of relative clauses in Korean consists of left-branching sentences. ii)The number of the subject relative clauses was higher than object ones in both of them. Especially in the aspect of using relative clauses, subject ones were used even more frequently than objective ones. This result is corresponded to the previous thesis, "the subject relative clauses was acquired earlier than object ones". iii)The relative clauses that those with a head noun function as subject in the main sentence showed in higher proportion in comparison of those as object. That is, this study showed that subjects were used more frequently than objects in the relative clauses used in their compositions. Finally, this study analyzed the errors of adnominal ending usage occurring in their compositions. More errors occurred when adjective form ended with '-hada' are changed into adnominal ending one.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.35 no.7
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• pp.73-80
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• 2019

This paper tried to investigate the features of French garden pavillons (jardin pavillons) in the 17th and 18th centuries, in which the royal built them, publicly enjoying culture or privately having a refuge. The scope of the garden pavilions covered those associated with a pleasure place that accommodated performances, dancing, and dinners. They included not only rustic, Chinese, Turkish and Gothic pavilions but also grottos, nymphaeums, and artificial ruins built for banquets and festivals. This paper identified the features of the 17th and 18th century French garden pavilions as follows: Those pavilions firstly established French Neoclassicism, secondly applied the techniques of pastiche, thirdly reflected women's influence, and lastly revealed the short cycles of their vicissitudes. In conclusion this study, with the summary of the main text, explained the influence of the French pavilions on Europe and America.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.10
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• pp.215-225
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• 2022

This study investigates employees' online reviews, conducts in-depth text topic mining, effectively summarizes the dimensions of employer brand value, and seeks effective ways to build employer brands from a multi-dimensional perspective. This study employs samples of employer reviews, filter keywords according to word frequency-inverse document frequency, builds a review network containing the same keywords, explore the community and summarize the theme dimensions. Simultaneously, it makes a dynamic comparison and analysis of the employer brand value dimension of different industries and enterprises. The study shows that the community exploration theme can be summarized into 11 dimensions of employer brand value, and the dimensions of employer brand value are significantly different across industries and among different enterprises within the industry. The attention to the employer brand value dimension has a significant time change. Various industries pay increasing attention to the dimension of work intensity and career development, while employers pay steady attention to the dimension of welfare benefits. The findings of this study suggest that seeking the heterogeneity of employer brand resources from the multi-dimensional differences and changes is an effective way to improve the competitiveness of enterprises in the human capital market.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.25-40
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• 2023

Objectives : This paper studies the Tangaek-Unhoei(湯液韻彙) index of herbal medicine in the Inje-Ji(仁濟志) of the Imwon-Gyeongje-Ji(林園經濟志), which contains about 4,800 formulas. Created by 19th-century Joseon scholar Seo, Yugu, it not only lists the formulas according to their names, but also provides index by topic, which enabled the collection and effective application of massive medical information. Methods : We quantitatively examined the nearly 4,800 herbal medicines in the Tangaek-Unhoei and their categorization. Any uncommon or particular categorization was examined further by analyzing the original text. Results & Conclusions : The prescriptions contained in the Inje-Ji are categorized under 26 headings. They are listed according to the 106 units of the Chinese character dictionary and organized by double headings. This unique index makes it easy to browse the contents of such a vast book containing massive medicinal knowledge. In addition, the fifty or so remedies called 'Fang(方)' exemplify the author's attitude toward medicinal knowledge, which is both rational and inclusive. This is an attitude that should be recognized beyond tradition.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.87-99
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• 2022

The purpose of this paper is to test the hypothesis that some early Chinese meridians were described by haptic exploration of the arterial pulse. The method is as follows: First, the relevant passages of the Mawangdui medical texts, the oldest meridian monographs, are translated based on perceptual anatomy. Second, the pulse is haptically searched for in the palm, lower arm, upper arm, armpit, and torso of the human body. Finally, their locations are compared with the translation. As a result, It was confirmed that the pulse locations detected on the body were mostly consistent with the routes of the meridians described in the texts. So meridians were haptically detectable pulse routes. What is known today as the flow direction of hand-yin meridians is actually the direction of searching the pulse. Our result runs counter to Huang Longxiang's claim that the route of the meridians are virtual routes set by speculation. Our findings also dispute Vivien Shaw's claim that the meridians of Mawangdui medical texts were discovered by anatomical dissection. They also refute the claim that meridians were discovered by the extrasensory perception of the inner sight (內觀) and the subjective experience of the meridian sensitive person. The hand-yin meridians of Mawangdui medical texts are well described so that anyone can find them by touching them with their fingers.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.1501-1512
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• 2024

Plasma disruption in tokamak experiments is a challenging issue that causes damage to the device. Reliable prediction methods are needed, but the lack of full understanding of plasma disruption limits the effectiveness of physics-driven methods. Data-driven methods based on supervised learning are commonly used, and they rely on labelled training data. However, manual labelling of disruption precursors is a time-consuming and challenging task, as some precursors are difficult to accurately identify. The mainstream labelling methods assume that the precursor onset occurs at a fixed time before disruption, which leads to mislabeled samples and suboptimal prediction performance. In this paper, we present disruption prediction methods based on anomaly detection to address these issues, demonstrating good prediction performance on J-TEXT and EAST. By evaluating precursor onset times using different anomaly detection algorithms, it is found that labelling methods can be improved since the onset times of different shots are not necessarily the same. The study optimizes precursor labelling using the onset times inferred by the anomaly detection predictor and test the optimized labels on supervised learning disruption predictors. The results on J-TEXT and EAST show that the models trained on the optimized labels outperform those trained on fixed onset time labels.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.274-279
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• 2018

To evaluate the antioxidant activities of Korean and Chinese Torreya seeds, their total phenolic compound content, total flavonoid content, DPPH radical and ONOO-scavenging activities were compared using their water and methanol extracts. The effective compounds were identified and quantitatively analyzed by GC-MS. The DPPH and ONOO-scavenging activities were the highest in the Korean Torreya seeds. After using GC-MS to identify the active compounds, a total of eight compounds were identified in Korean Torreya seeds, and five compounds were found in Chinese Torreya seeds. In conclusion, we could confirm the antioxidant activity and the difference between active compounds of the Korean and Chinese Torreya seeds; we also confirmed the superiority of Korean Torreya seeds. Futhermore, this basic data about the Korean and Chinese Torreya seeds can be provided to consumers, so that they can select proper and suitable functional foods.