• Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.511-533
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• 2018

As the developed and developing economies make the transition to knowledge-based economies, the high-tech sector has been the primary engine in enabling this transformation. Given this context, the policy making and implementation abilities of the countries' local administration assume significance. This study therefore attempts to examine the policy evolution undertaken by China and India which resulted in the emergence of high-tech startup ecosystems in these countries. Further, using a theoretical framework for an ideal entrepreneurial ecosystem, it tries to understand the similarities and differences prevalent currently in the Indian and Chinese high-tech startup ecosystem. The results of the study indicate that although both the countries took different paths, from a macro-perspective, they follow the same pattern as observed in the US and Israel policy making - that of the change in the role of Government as a regulator to that of an enabler of the entrepreneurial ecosystem. The differences and similarities between the key entrepreneurial ecosystem components provide additional knowledge about the currently prevailing conditions of the ecosystem in these countries.

• 대한상한금궤의학회지
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.161-169
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• 2020

Objective: This case report describes the improvements of a patient with recurrent cystitis who was treated using an herbal medication according to the Shanghanlun disease pattern identification diagnostic system (DPIDS). Methods: 'DPIDS'and 'Interpretation based on Etymological chinese characters,'the patient was diagnosed with Shaoyin-bing, provision number 315, and administered Baektong-tang herb medication for 30 days. The changes in the symptoms of recurrent cystitis were estimated using the Interstitial Cystitis Symptom Index and Problem Index-Korean version (ICSI/ICPI-K) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Results : The ICSI/ICPI-K score changed from 33 to 0 and VAS score changed from 7 to 0. Conclusions: The main causes of the disease were 微 and 利,and the symptoms of recurrent cystitis

• 대한상한금궤의학회지
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.113-125
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• 2020

Objective: This study aimed to report the improvement of patients with hyperhidrosis treated using Gyejigajagyak-tang based on the Shanghanlun provisions. Methods: Two patients were diagnosed with Greater-yin disease based on the 279^th provision of Shanghanlun, and Gyejigajagyak-tang was used to treat hyperhidrosis. The result was evaluated using the Hyperhidrosis Disease Severity Scale and Visual Analogue Scale. Results: An analysis of results of the two cases showed that the patients' conditions had improved. The amount of sweat produced was decreased in both cases. Conclusions: These results suggest that the medicines defined in Shanghanlun are clinically effective when Shanghanlun is properly interpreted, considering the origins of the Chinese characters in the text, and the Shanghanlun disease pattern identification diagnostic system is applied.

• Educational Technology International
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.311-339
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• 2021

This study examined the effects of scaffolding types (Toulmin's Argument Pattern: TAP or Argumentation Vee Diagram: AVD) and individual metacognition levels (low or high) on students' learning achievement in online collaborative argumentation. A total of 191 Chinese undergraduates took part in this study. They were randomly assigned to either the TAP scaffolding, AVD scaffolding, or no scaffolding condition. They were teamed up in small groups of two or three students to argue with their peers using SNS as the online collaborative argumentation environment. The results revealed that students in the TAP and AVD scaffolding conditions did not gain significantly higher retention or transfer scores than students without scaffolding. However, students in the TAP scaffolding condition significantly outperformed those in the AVD scaffolding condition on transfer scores. Individual metacognition did not significantly affect learning achievement in online collaborative argumentation. Additionally, there was no significant interaction effect between scaffolding types and individual metacognition levels on retention or on transfer. The findings have implications for scaffolding design for online collaborative argumentation and also suggest that more attention should be paid to social metacognition rather than to individual metacognition when students work collaboratively.

• 대한상한금궤의학회지
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.189-196
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• 2021

Objective : This study aimed to report the improvement of a patient with chronic rhinitis treated with herbal medication using the disease pattern identification diagnostic system (DPIDS) based on the Shanghanlun provisions. Methods : According to the Shanghanlun DPIDS and an etymological interpretation of Chinese characters, the patient was diagnosed with Reverting yin disease (provision 352) and took Dangguisayeokgaosuyusaengang-tang herbal medication for 50 days. The change in symptoms of chronic rhinitis were estimated using the Total Nasal Symptom Score (TNSS), the Rhinitis Control Assessment Test (RCAT), and a visual analog scale (VAS). Results : The TNSS score decreased from 8 to 3, the RCAT score decreased from 14 to 24, and the VAS decreased from 10 to 2. Conclusions : The main causes of the disease were 厥 and 內. This is the first case report of describing the treatment of chronic rhinitis with Dangguisayeokgaosuyusaengang-tang.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.311-316
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• 2001

We have investigated the trace amount in an oriental medicine in oder to determine the geographical origin by using inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry(ICP-AES) and chemometric anlysis with principal component analysis(PCA) and pattern recognition. Astragali Radix from several agricultural places in Korea was selected as an example of the oriental medicine and analyzed by ICP-AES. The dried Astragali Radix sample was treated with $HNO_3$ and $H_2O_2$, then digested using microwave oven. Elements such as Mg, Al, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Ba with different concentrations were found an used for the identification of the origin of agriculture places. Especially, the concentration of Al, Fe, Zn and Ti were employed to investigate the relationship between. Astragali Radix and the agricultural places by PCA and pattern recognition. We have made a program that is based on chemometrics in analytical spectroscopy. The results of the chemometrics analysis indicated that a distinction among Yechon and Chechon, Chungson, Kurye and Chinese Astragali Radix could be made. We believe that principal component analysis(PCA) and pattern recognition is a valuable tool to identify the origin of Astragali Radix in terms of the agricultural place.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.157-170
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• 2014

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to develop a standard instrument of diagnosis and assessment for spleen qi deficiency pattern. Methods: Reports published in Korea and China related to spleen qi deficiency pattern were selected. Assessments of selected references were performed to select major symptoms of spleen qi deficiency pattern. Korean translation and review by a Korean linguist were performed to create a draft of [Standard instrument of diagnosis and assessment for spleen qi deficiency (for subject)]. The final [Standard instrument of diagnosis and assessment for spleen qi deficiency (for subject)] was completed after assessment on inclusion or exclusion, on importance of items and on validity of translation by an expert committee, consisting of professors from the National College of Korean Medicine. Results & Conclusions: 1. 14 major symptoms were selected by frequency from 45 references which were related to standard identification of spleen qi deficiency pattern, translated into Korean and reviewed by a Korean linguist. 2. 11 symptoms were selected after assessment on inclusion yes or no by the expert group. Items were listed in order of importance: tiredness of extremities (肢体倦怠), sallow complexion (面色萎黃), reduced appetite (食欲减退), abdominal distension after eating (腹胀食後尤甚), inability to eat (納少), pale tongue and white fur (舌淡苔白), lethargy (神疲), emaciation (消瘦), loose stool (大便溏薄), shortness of breath and reluctance to speak (少氣懶言), and weak pulse (脈緩弱). 3. Final [Standard instrument of diagnosis and assessment for spleen qi deficiency (for subject)] was completed after assessment of translation validity, reflection of individual opinions by the expert committee, and application of weighted value computed from assessment on importance of items.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.381-401
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• 1996

The diagnostic requirements were suggested and explained regarding the systems of differentiation of syptoms and signs in the second year study of standardization and unification of the terms and conditions used for diagnosis in oriental medicine. The systems were as follows : -differential diagnosis according to condition of body fluid, differentiation of syndromes according to the state of qi and blood, differential diagnosis according to reletive excessiveness or deficiency of yin and yang(氣血陰陽津液辨證) -differentiation of diseases according to pathological changes of the viscera and their interrelation(臟腑辨證) -analysing and differentiating of febrile diseases in accordance with the theory of the six channels(傷寒辨證) The individual diagnosis pattern was arranged by the diagnostic requirements in the following odor : another name(異名), notion of diagnosis parrern(證候槪念), index of differentiation of syptoms and sings(辨證指標), the main point of diagnosis(診斷要點), analysis of diagnosis pattern(證候分析), discrimination of diagnosis pattern(證候鑑別), a wayof curing a diseases(治法), prescription(處方) , herbs in common use(常用藥物), dieases appearing the diagnosis pattern(常見疾病), documents(文獻調査). This study was carried out on the basis of the Chinese documents and references.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.49-105
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• 2007

Objectives : Select and analyze the case record of dyspnea and wheezing asthma recorded in Xu Ming Yi Lei An that is the most abundant and wide in contents in existing case records that are systematic, comprehending relatively modern Traditional Chinese Medicine to secure more deep and objective basis of Traditional Chinese Medicine approach for dyspnea and wheezing asthma to analyze and review possibility for clinical application in this study. Methods: The study was conducted with the case records of dyspnea and wheezing asthma in whole Xu Ming Yi Lei An. Pattern identify and classify selected case records and again classified with deficiency syndrome and excess syndrome. Also analyzed prescriptions and herbs used in the case records. Nature of herbs and properties and flavors that were used in the case records were classified and frequency of each nature of herbs were analyzed. Applicable case records were interpreted and suggested prescriptions, pulse feelings, pattern classification were analyzed and described. Results : Among the 5254 case records stated on the complete collection, it is researched that there are 63 case records for the symptom complex of dyspnea as 1.2% of the whole case records, and the case records on the symptom complex of wheezing asthma are 14 as the 0.27% of the total examples. 63 case record examples related with symptom complex of dyspnea were pattern identified and classified. As a result, deficiency syndrome of the Kidney(33 %), deficiency syndrome of the Spleen(26.0%), Wind-Cold(12.3%), phlegm turbidity(12.3%), Heat in the Lung(8.2%), asthenia of the Lung(8.2%) were investigated as above order. 14 case record examples related with wheezing asthma were pattern identified and classified. As a result, phlegm-Heat(26.3%), upper excess and lower deficiency(26.3%), external affections Wind-Cold(15.8%), Dampness-phlegm(10.5%), Lung asthenia(10.5%), Cold phlegm(5.3%), mutual deficiency and detriment of Heart and Kidneys(5.3%) were investigated as above order. Symptom complex of dyspnea has 67.1% of deficiency syndrome, 32.9% of excess syndrome resulting more deficiency syndrome than excess syndrome. Symptom complex of wheezing asthma has 42.1 % of deficiency syndrome and 57.9% of excess syndrome resulting more excess syndrome than deficiency syndrome. In case of symptom complex of dyspnea prescription used in the case record, the order of frequency is as following. Palmijihwang-tang, Bojung-ikgitang, Yungmijihwang-tang, Ijintang, Sojaganggitang, Igongsan. In case of symptom complex of wheezing asthma prescription in the case record, Yungmijihwang-tang, Ohotang, Dodamtang were mostly used. Herbs used in case records of symptom complex of dyspnea are Ginseng Radix, Poria, Glycyrrhizae Radix, Aconiti Iateralis Preparata Radix, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, Dioscoreae Rhizoma, Angelicae Gigantis Radix, Rehmanniae Radix Preparat, Pinelliae Rhizoma, Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens are mostly used. Nature of herb properties used for symptom complex of dyspnea and symptom complex of wheezing asthma are herbs that are warm properties. When the symptom complex of dyspnea and the symptom complex of wheezing asthma were treated. if the patient felt tenderness at Pyesu, doctors conducted pricking blood around the opposite Pyesu or Sipseon acupoint. when the patient didn't have tenderness at Pyesu by soft press, pricking blood was performed both sidees, right and left Pyesu. In case of the treatment of symptom complex of dyspnea and symptom complex of wheezing asthma, when they got treatment, when the symptom complex of disease is severe, a doctor cauterized the opposite Pyesu while the other Pyesu felt tenderness, and decided how the above treatment is performed whether the degree of the symptom compolex of disease is severe or not. In case of the treatment of symptom complex of dyspnea and symptom complex of wheezing asthma, if the person felt tenderness at Pyesu and is caught by the Wind-Cold pathogen, slight acupuncture is treated at relevant Pyesu with Fire needling. When patient with symptom complex of dyspnea and symptom complex of wheezing asthma cannot hawk sputum up from the oral and laryngopharynx, suction method is treated. Conclusion : With this study, actual traditional and clinical pattern identification form and characteristics of symptom complex of dyspnea and symptom complex of wheezing asthma were recognized. Modern case report utilizing in clinical application need to be secured and an incurable disease asthma need to be diagnosed and improvement for treatments have to be searched through other case records.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.55-59
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• 2001

To investigate the usefulness of Allium senescens as a aromatic edible plant, volatile flavor components and flavor pattern were analyzed. Essential oils of fresh and freeze dried Allium senescens were extracted by SDE(simultaneous steam distillation and extraction) method using diethyl ether as solvent. And their volatile flavor components were analyzed by gas chromatography(GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of 46 components, including 11 hydrocarbons, 9 aldehydes, 4 alcohols, 2 esters, 7 acids, 4 ketones and 9 sulfur containing compounds were identified in fresh Allium senescens. In freeze dried Allium senescens, 8 hydrocarbons, 5 aldehydes, 3 alcohols, 5 esters, 2 acids, 3 ketones and 4 sulfur containing compounds were identified. Volatile flavor patterns of Chinese chive and Allium senescens were compared using electronic nose. The score of first principal component was significantly different in Allium senescens and Chinese chive.