• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.243.1-243.1
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• 2007

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.67-72
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• 2005

Overwintering capacity, closely related to winter hardiness, of Chinese milk vetch planted with different sowing times and sowing practices was investigated to improve the incorporation into cropping system in Korea. The tolerance to low temperature was evaluated with $LT_50$ using leaf disc leaching method. Dry weight of CMV was reduced remarkably with delayed planting from Sep. 5 to Oct. 20. The differences in tolerance to freezing temperature were not conspicuous among CMV genotypes, however, the differences between genotype (collections at different regions) were due to the plant architecture, mainly to the leaf angle. The crouching genotype collected at central region of Korean peninsula, which showed excellent freezing tolerant, has planophile leaves. The feature of internal constituents of CMV genotypes did not show any noticeable differences with respect to the freezing tolerance which evaluated by leaf disc leaching experiment. To overcome the poor overwintering capacity, tolerant genotype should be developed by selection with considering the plant architecture. The reduction of CMV growth during overwintering period was ameliorated with furrow-sowing under late-sown condition, therefore, when the CMV is inevitably sown late after recommended time, the seeds should be sown on furrow to overcome the cold stress.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.251-258
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• 2000

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate agronomic characteristics, forage quality and dry matter yield of Korean native wild hairy vetch(Vicia villosa Roth) and introduced vetch(Vicia) cultivars from Australia. Seeds were sown on 29 August 1998 and 29 September 1999 at the Livestock Experiment Farm, Keimyung College, Kyeongsan, Kyeongbuk. Vetch plants were harvested on 14 November 1998 and 5 May 1999 and 29 April 2000. 'Haymaker plus' and 'Cappelo woolly pod' (Vicia villosa ssp. dasycarpa(Ten.) Eav.) were higher than 'Namoi' (Vicia villosa ssp. dasycarpa(Ten.) Eav.) in winter survival and 'Popany' (Vicia benghalensis L.) and 'Victa' (Vicia sativa L.) did not overwinter from 1998 to 1999. 'Haymaker plus', 'Cappelo woolly pod', 'Namoi', Korean native wild hairy vetch and Chinese milk vetch were overwintered from 1999 to 2000, except 'Aneto common' (Vicia sativa L.). Fifty percent flowering was observed 23 April for 'Namoi', 24 April for 'Cappelo woolly pod' and 26 April for 'Haymaker plus' from 1998 to 1999. In 1999~2000, fifty percent flowering was observed 12 April for 'Namoi' and 'Cappelo woolly pod', 14 April for 'Haymaker plus', 23 April for Chinese milk, 30 April for 'Aneto common' and Korean native wild hairy vetch. Dry matter yield per hectare was significantly higher(p<0.05) for 'Haymaker plus', 'Cappelo' and 'Namoi' than 'Popany' and 'Vicata' from 1998 to 1999. In 1999-2000, dry matter yield per hectare was higher(p<0.05) for 'Namoi', 'Haymaker plus', 'Cappelo woolly pod' and Korean native wild hairy vetch than Chinese milk vetch (Astragalus sinicus L.) and 'Aneto common'. CP content was relatively high, but Chinese milk vetch and 'Aneto common' were lower than other cultivars. ADF(acid deterguent fiber) was low in Chinese milk vetch, but between the other cultivars were similar. According to the results obtained from this study, it is suggested that 'Haymaker plus' would be recommendable for fall sown vetch for dry matter production.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.19-24
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• 2004

Germination and emergence habits of Chinese milk vetch (CMV) were examined to obtain the basic information for the effect of environmental conditions and cultural practices on the seedling density. Seed germination tests with different water potentials, temperatures, and soil and water depths showed the environmental effects on the characters related to seed germination in CMV. Imbibition under different temperatures reflects that initial velocity was rapid at higher temperature, however, the times to full imbibition were not different between 15 and $25^{\circ}$. The optimal germination temperature for CMV germination was ranged from 15 to 20 and the germination was highly affected by water potential of media at relatively high temperature above $20^{\circ}$. When the seeds were sown in flooded condition the germination was not proportionally affected by water depth. In addition, there was no correlation between water depth and oxygen concentration. The germination of seeds flooded by 2cm water depth were poorly germinated compared to other depths. Results indicated that the germination of submerged seeds was more highly influenced by flooding depth than the temperature, it was also affected more strongly at 10 than $20^{\circ}$. Emergence of CMV depending on the thickness of covered soil was poor when the soil layer was greater than 5cm. In the experiment with seeds collected between 22 days after flowering (OAF) and 52 DAF, the highest germination ability of CMV seeds was observed at 39 DAF and germinability was decreased subsequently as seeds became mature. The lower germinability may be due to the enhanced seed dormancy.

• Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.193-198
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• 2008

To develop a natural re-seeding technology, the optimum soil incorporation time of Chinese milk vetch(CMV) plant residues, seed persistence in soil, biomass production and subsequent rice yield were determined from 2005 to 2007 in rice with CMV green manure in southern Korea. Generally, insufficient seedling stand was regenerated with CMV incorporation to the soil at 20 and 25 days after flowering(DAF), while high regeneration of greater than 400 seedlings per $m^2$ was observed at 35 and 40 DAF. High re-seeding stand of CMV incorporated at 35 DAF or later was related with high seed viability and heavy seed weight. Appreciable number of CMV seeds remained 4 month after burial in soil and a good number of CMV seedlings regenerated from this seed bank at rice harvest time in the fall. Based on the relationships among re-seeding number of CMV plants, seed weight and seed viability, CMV plants should be incorporated into the soil 35 DAF(May 30) or later when CMV seeds were sufficiently matured. The natural re-seeding stand for the 3-year trials was stable ranging from 437 to 700 plants per $m^2$ and the biomass production was sufficient to supply nitrogen for rice growth. The use of re-seeding CMV plant can produce similar rice yield like that of rice without CMV green manure.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.189-195
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• 1999

Under the no-till direct-sown rice-vetch cropping systems, where whole chopped rice straw were returned to the paddy surface at combine harvest and whole-plant of Chinese Milk Vetch(Astragalus sinicus L.) was submerged after direct-sowing, three levels of nitrogen top-dressed(0, 2, 4 kg N/10a) without basal N and two levels of sowing rate were applied into the paddy field in expectation of the enhancement of nitrogen efficiency and protection of agricultural environment in reduced N-fertilizer level. A cultivar, Dongjin, was direct-sown on May 30, 1996. Characteristics of rice growth and physicochemical properties of rice plant were observed. Under the system, reduced total N(4 kg N/10a) resulted in high panicle numbers. N-top dressed toward at later growth stages enhanced the ratio of panicle-producing tillers and at spikelet numbers per panicle. As N-level increases, DM yields of leaf and stem at heading were increased. Maximum grain yield was obtained at 4kg N/10a and major attributed factors to grain yield in this case were the number of grains per unit area and the ratio of ripened grain.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.243.2-243.2
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• 2007

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.51 no.spc1
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• pp.84-91
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• 2006

This study was carried out to comparatively evaluate growth characteristics of rice cultivars under rice-mono (conventional) and rice-Chinese milk vetch (Vetch) cropping system. Six rice cultivars such as Geumobyeo, Pungmibyeo, Hwayeongbyeo, Sobibyeo, Junambyeo and Dongjinbyeo were tested in 2005. The results obtained are summarized as follows ; plant height and culm length of all the tested cultivars at heading and harvest time were shorter in rice-vetch cropping system than conventional, however, nitrogen content of rice plants at heading and harvesting time was higher in rice-vetch cropping system. The total amount of nitrogen of rice plants was higher in conventional than rice-vetch cropping system. Nitrogen content of rice plant and uptake of Pungmibyeo was the highest of all the tested cultivars in both cropping systems. Generally, grain yietd ef tested cultivars seemed to be higher in conventional than rice-vetch cropping system. And it was the highest in Junambyeo as compared to those of other cultivars. Head rice ratio and protein content were higher in rice-vetch cropping system.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 1992

This experiment was conducted to improve the germination when we sowed Chinese milk vetch (Astragalus sinicus L. Local vas. Jinjoo) in the up-land.. The results are summerized as follows 1. There is no difference on the germination of Chinese milk vetch from $15^{\circ}C$ to $35^{\circ}C$. Germination ratio is 7l%, speed is 60% and mean of germinating day. is about 4. But at $10^{\circ}C$ germination ratio and speed are decreased as 65%, 8% but mean of germinating day is increased as 8. 2. Chemicals used for improve of germination $KNO_3$, $H_2SO_4$, HCl, NaOCl, NaOH and GA were increased about 6~8% of germination ratio. 3. Germination in response to soil covering up depth, surface sowing showed 68% of germination and not more than 4cm the seed is germinated 60% but not less than 6cm, germination ratio is not more than 50%. 4. Soil water content needed in the germination is proper about 70~80% of field water capacity and the ratio is 65% but not. more than 40% germination ratio is not more than 31%. 5. Germination in response to seed treatment (1 day sbsorption /1 day dry) germination ratio is not decreased when it treated 2 times but not less than 3 times it decreased seriously and not less that: 5 times it decreased not more than 31%. 6. Germination in response to seed largement, small seed is not good for germination, so seeds harvested after the majority of the seed is ripened.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.265-269
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• 2009

Technology development for sufficient dry matter production of Chinese milk vetch (CMV) is most important in CMV-rice cultivation system in order to provide sufficient nutrients to rice plants. However, when the CMV plants are dominated by the weed, especially Alopecurus aequalis, the CMV growth could be reduced due to light and nutrient competition. In addition, A. aequalis is potential host of the rice dwarf virus disease. Therefore, control of A. aequalis is necessary to enhance the biomass production of CMV plants when CMV stands are insufficient. The use of chemical like sethoxydim (20%, ai) showed the highest control rate of 84% at early stage and was reduced as application was delayed. A. aequalis control did not change the CMV seedling stand before and after herbicide treatment and the reseeding stand in fall was rather increased 2.2 to 2.6 times. On the other hand, in untreated control, the CMV stand at May 15 and reseeding stand in fall was significantly reduced as compared with the before herbicide treatment. Control of A. aequalis increased the CMV dry matter production by 164% for 50% CMV coverage rate and 63% for 25% CMV coverage rate. This is equivalent to $12.3{\sim}16.4\;kgN$/10a which is greater than the recommended nitrogen rate of 9kg/10a. The result indicates that the control of A. aequalis is an efficient way to enhance dry matter production in CMV-rice cultivation system especially when CMV stand is poor.