• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.573-586
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• 2020

PM (particulate matter) is of interest to everyone because it can have adverse effects on human health by the infiltration from respiratory to internal organs. To date, many studies have made efforts for the prediction of PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations. Unlike previous studies, we conducted the prediction of tomorrow's PM10 concentration for the Air Korea stations using Chinese PM10 data in addition to the satellite AOD and weather variables. We constructed 230,639 matchups from the raw data over 3 million and built an RF (random forest) model from the matchups to cope with the complexity and nonlinearity. The validation statistics from the blind test showed excellent accuracy with the RMSE (root mean square error) of 9.905 ㎍/㎥ and the CC (correlation coefficient) of 0.918. Moreover, our prediction model showed a stable performance without the dependency on seasons or the degree of PM10 concentration. However, part of coastal areas had a relatively low accuracy, which implies that a dedicated model for coastal areas will be necessary. Additional input variables such as wind direction, precipitation, and air stability should also be incorporated into the prediction model as future work.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.8
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• pp.3-72
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• 1981

The necessity of computerizing the Central National Library of Korea has been widely recognized. The purpose of this research is to develop Korean Machine Readable Cataloging system as a first step toward an integrated library system and suggests the ways of utilizing the MARC file in Korean libraries as well as in the Central National Library. In this paper the following studies are included: 1. An analysis of the functions and current procedures of the Central National Library 2. Development of a standard record format for KOR MARC 3. Production and utilization of KOR MARC files 4. Identification of problems in developing KOR MARC system In conclusion, the following recommendations are made: 1. Standardization of the internal code and input/output equipments should be proceded for hangul and chinese data processing. 2. The libraries planning or having accomplished computerization process should be cooperative in standardizing and distributing bibliographic data bases including KOR MARC tapes. 3. Training of competent librarians and strong support from the government are required for a successful implementation of the Library's computerization project.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2000.04b
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• pp.375-377
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• 2000

인터넷의 급속한 보급은 인간 생활의 많은 부분을 바꾸어 놓고있는데, 가장 대표적인 예로 전자상거래와 온라인 문서를 들 수 있다. 전자상거래와 온라인 문서는 과거 자국의 문자위주 PC통신상에서만 이루어지고 있었지만 현재는 대부분이 인터넷과 연동되어있다. 따라서 전자상거래와 온라인 문서 등을 전세계 사람들이 이용하기 위해서 만국 공통의 코드가 필요하게 되었다. 이러한 요구로 ISO10646 코드가 제정되고 발전하여 현재의 유니코드 3.0에 이르게 되었다. 유니코드 3.0에는 세계각국의 문자가 포함되어있고, 한국, 중국, 일본 등 한자문화권에서 공통적으로 많이 사용하는 한자 2만 7천여자도 포함되어있다. 이것은 과거 국내 표준인 완성형 한자 4천 8백여자와 비교하면 무척 많은 양이라 할 수 있다. 이러한 유니코드의 출현으로 국내외의 고문헌과 법전 등의 한자가 포함된 각종 문서를 인터넷상에서 제공할 수 있지만, 현재 유니코드 한자를 입력하기위한 방법은 MS Word2000의 한자 입력기만 있고 다른 운영체제나 인터넷 환경에서는 거의 전무한 상태이다. 본 논문에서는 운영체제에 독립적으로 작동하는 유니코드 한자입력시스템에 관하여 연구 개발하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2002.10d
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• pp.214-216
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• 2002

현재 중국의 인구가 약 13억명이고 전세계에 퍼져있는 화교인의 수가 3,300만명이 된다. 그리고 중국어 응용 정보기술분야 시장규모가 커져감에 따라 인터넷 응용에서 중국어 입력요구가 급증하고 있다. 전자상거래, 전자우편을 비롯한 중국어 입력요구를 가진 응용을 활용하려면 중국어 입력기능이 장착된 운영체제가 지원되어야 한다. 그러나 인터넷 상에 연결된 플랫폼에는 운영체제가 다양할 뿐만 아니라 중국어권 외의 대부분의 운영체제는 중국어의 디스플레이는 가능하지만 중국어 입력기능을 지원하지 못하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 전세계 인터넷 상의 모든 플랫폼 환경에서 중국어 입력을 필요로 하는 각종 응용을 지원할 수 있도록 중국어 입력기를 설계 및 구현을 통하여 플랫폼에 관계없이 실행됨을 보이고자 한다.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.95-105
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• 2007

Since the solar radiation is the main input for sizing any solar photovoltaic system, it will be necessary to understand and evaluate the solar radiation data. The works presented here is the analysis of solar radiation data for East-North Asia areas. The data utilized in the analysis consist of the global radiation on horizontal surface, measured at 2 different stations during 3 years for the period from 2002 to 2004 and estimated using satellite at 27 different stations over the China and Mongolia. Also the measured data has been collected at 16 different stations all of the South Korea and estimated using satellite at 12 different stations over the North Korea from 1982 to 2005. The Result of analysis shows that the annual-average daily global radiation on the horizontal surface is $3.57\;MJ/m^2$. We conclude, based on the analysis, that East-North Asia areas have sufficient solar energy resources for the photovoltaic power generation system.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.290-308
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• 1999

In this study a system for the treatment or recyling of organic wastes from both urban and rural area was recommended. It was developed based on the resource recovery system regarding human being by four tectnologies; forage, methane production, high-grade composting and complete decomposition. High quality compost can be produced by combining several kind of wastes produced from urban and agricultural areas. High quality compost must possess not only general characteristics of ordinary compost, but also a superior ability to improve the soil properties and must contain more nutrients for plant. Cedar chips were recommended as the main bulking agent to adjust moisture contents and air permeability. Charcoal and zeolite can be used not only as the second bulking agent but also as fertilizer for improve the soil amendment. Complete decomposition of organic wastes is defined by organic matter being completely converted to $CO_2$ and water. All the input water was evaporated by the heat produced through the oxidation of organic matter, In the present study, the complete treatments were successfully achieved for Shochu wastewater, swine wastes, thickened excess sewage sludge, wastes produced by Chinese restaurant and anaerobic digested sludge. First of all, recycling center of organic wastes should be established for the protect the environments and effective recovery of organic resources. This may means the way to derive the recovery of human value.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.228-232
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• 2018

Process-based crop models have been used to assess the impact of climate change on crop production. These models are implemented in procedural or object oriented computer programming languages including FORTRAN, C++, Delphi, Java, which have a stiff learning curve. The requirement for a high level of computer programming is one of barriers for efforts to develop and improve crop models based on biophysical process. In this study, we attempted to develop a Chinese cabbage model using Microsoft Excel with Visual Basic for Application (VBA), which would be easy enough for most agricultural scientists to develop a simple model for crop growth simulation. Results from Soil-Plant-Atmosphere-Research (SPAR) experiments under six temperature conditions were used to determine parameters of the Chinese cabbage model. During a plant growing season in SPAR chambers, numbers of leaves, leaf areas, growth rate of plants were measured six times. Leaf photosynthesis was also measured using LI-6400 Potable Photosynthesis System. Farquhar, von Caemmerer, and Berry (FvCB) model was used to simulate a leaf-level photosynthesis process. A sun/shade model was used to scale up to canopy-level photosynthesis. An Excel add-in, which is a small VBA program to assist crop modeling, was used to implement a Chinese cabbage model under the environment of Excel organizing all of equations into a single set of crop model. The model was able to simulate hourly changes in photosynthesis, growth rate, and other physiological variables using meteorological input data. Estimates and measurements of dry weight obtained from six SPAR chambers were linearly related ($R^2=0.985$). This result indicated that the Excel/VBA can be widely used for many crop scientists to develop crop models.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.77-98
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• 2013

China, the world's largest $CO_2$ producer, is likely to be obligated to reduce greenhouse gas emissions under the post-Kyoto protocol. This paper estimates a Shephard input distance function for the Chinese fossil-fueled power generation sector to measure the shadow price of $CO_2$ emissions, technical efficiency, and indirect Morishima elasticities of substitution between inputs. Empirical results show that, on average, it costs approximately 3.2 US dollars per year to reduce $CO_2$ emissions by one ton over the period 1981-2009. This finding indicates that Chinese power sector is expected to benefit from selling emission permits to other countries such as Korea and Japan, given that our estimate for China is lower than the ones previous literatures estimated for the power sector in these countries. The maximum attainable average $CO_2$ reduction potential amounts to approximately 25 million tons per year by improving technical efficiency. Capital is substitutable with both coal and oil and capital is relatively more readily substituted for these fuels.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.147-162
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• 1997

When designing workplaces or arranging controls on panel, devices and controls should be placed within the reach of operator's arm or foot to guarantee effective performances. Most of the existing research on the reach volume were based on measurements of a few subject's arm reach, and limited to Caucasian and Chinese populations. Furthermore, reach volume considering foot or trunk motion have not been investigated. Range of human joint motion and that of two degrees of freedom motion are needed to generate reach volume analytically using the sweeping algorithm. However, range of two degrees of freedom motion has not been measured up to now. Therefore, range of two degrees of freedom motion was measured in this research, where 47 college students were participated voluntarily as subjects. The results showed that the motion of one joint can be limited by the motion of another motion, that is to say, the shoulder flexion was decreased significantly when the shoulder was adducted or abducted. Second, new approximate algorithms generating reach volumes were suggested, in which range of two degrees of freedom motion was used as input data. Depending upon the body segment included such as trunk, arm and leg, three types of reach volume were provided, in which the human body was modeled as a multilink system based on the robot kinematics and the sweeping method was employed. Reach volume generated analytically in this study showed statistically reasonable results when compared with that obtained from direct measurement.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.299-312
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• 2021

It is necessary to achieve high performance in the task of zero anaphora resolution (ZAR) for completely understanding the texts in Korean, Japanese, Chinese, and various other languages. Deep-learning-based models are being employed for building ZAR systems, owing to the success of deep learning in the recent years. However, the objective of building a high-quality ZAR system is far from being achieved even using these models. To enhance the current ZAR techniques, we fine-tuned a pretrained bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT). Notably, BERT is a general language representation model that enables systems to utilize deep bidirectional contextual information in a natural language text. It extensively exploits the attention mechanism based upon the sequence-transduction model Transformer. In our model, classification is simultaneously performed for all the words in the input word sequence to decide whether each word can be an antecedent. We seek end-to-end learning by disallowing any use of hand-crafted or dependency-parsing features. Experimental results show that compared with other models, our approach can significantly improve the performance of ZAR.