• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.255-259
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• 2009

The origin of "Fire" in Traditional Chinese Medicine is summed up based on observation and knowledge of natural fire, followed by abstract thinking, of which the outcomes are best symbolized in the character Fire[火]. Because it is an abstract concept, it is hard to give a single and strict definition. Naturally, it would be necessary to analyze and illustrate the origin of 'Fire' from different angles such as broad definition, multi-definition, levels, classifications and effects. The concept of 'Fire' has four meanings in the aspect of the broad definition: first, natural fire; second, the physiological conception of fire; third, the medical conception of fire; fourth, general concept related to fire. In Traditional Chinese Medicine, fire mainly indicates physiologic fire, pathological fire, the fire in the six kinds of natural climate and the fire as one of the properties and the flavors of herbs.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.105-114
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• 2020

Background: Exploring the pharmacokinetic (PK) changes of various active components of single herbs and their combinations is necessary to elucidate the compatibility mechanism. However, the lack of chemical standards and low concentrations of multiple active ingredients in the biological matrix restrict PK studies. Methods: A putative multiple reaction monitoring strategy based on liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was developed to extend the PK scopes of quantification without resorting to the use of chemical standards. First, the compounds studied, including components with available reference standard (ARS) and components lacking reference standard (LRS), were preclassified to several groups according to their chemical structures. Herb decoctions were then subjected to ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis with appropriate collision energy (CE) in MS² mode. Finally, multiple reaction monitoring transitions transformed from MS² of ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry were used for ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry to obtain the mass responses of LRS components. LRS components quantification was further performed by developing an assistive group-dependent semiquantitative method. Results: The developed method was exemplified by the comparative PK process of single herbs Radix Ginseng (RG), Radix Polygala (RP), and their combinations (RG-RP). Significant changes in PK parameters were observed before and after combination. Conclusion: Results indicated that Traditional Chinese Medicine combinations can produce synergistic effects and diminish possible toxic effects, thereby reflecting the advantages of compatibility. The proposed strategy can solve the quantitative problem of LRS and extend the scopes of PK studies.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.1-13
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• 2017

Objectives : This paper serves to explore current trends of systems biology in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and examine how it may influence the Traditional Korean medicine. Methods : Literature review method was collectively used to classify Introduction to systems biology, diagnosis and syndrome classification of systems biology in TCM perspective, physiotherapy including acupuncture, herbs and formula functions, TCM systems biology, and directions of academic development. Results : The term 'Systems biology' is coined as a combination of systems science and biology. It is a field of study that tries to understand living organism by establishing a theory based on an ideal model that analyzes and predicts the desired output with understanding of interrelationships and dynamics between variables. Systems biology has an integrated and multi-dimensional nature that observes the interaction among the elements constructing the network. The current state of systems biology in TCM is categorized into 4 parts: diagnosis and syndrome, physical therapy, herbs and formulas and academic development of TCM systems biology and its technology. Diagnosis and syndrome field is focusing on developing TCM into personalized medicine by clarifying Kidney yin deficiency patterns and metabolic differences among five patterns of diabetes and analyzing plasma metabolism and biomarkers of coronary heart disease patients. In the field of physical therapy such as acupuncture and moxibustion, researchers discovered the effect of stimulating acupoint ST40 on gene expression and the effects of acupuncture on treating functional dyspepsia and acute ischemic stroke. Herbs and formulas were analyzed with TCM network pharmacology. The therapeutic mechanisms of Si Wu Tang and its series formulas are explained by identifying potential active substances, targets and mechanism of action, including metabolic pathways of amino acid and fatty acid. For the academic development of TCM systems biology and its technology, it is necessary to integrate massive database, integrate pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, as well as systems biology. It is also essential to establish a platform to maximize herbal treatment through accumulation of research data and diseases-specific, or drug-specific network combined with clinical experiences, and identify functions and roles of molecules in herbs and conduct animal-based studies within TCM frame. So far, few literature reviews exist for systems biology in traditional Korean medicine and they merely re-examine known efficacies of simple substances, herbs and formulas. For the future, it is necessary to identify specific mechanisms of working agents and targets to maximize the effects of traditional medicine modalities. Conclusions : Systems biology is widely accepted and studied in TCM and already advanced into a field known as 'TCM systems biology', which calls for the study of incorporating TCM and systems biology. It is time for traditional Korean medicine to acknowledge the importance of systems biology and present scientific basis of traditional medicine and establish the principles of diagnosis, prevention and treatment of diseases. By doing so, traditional Korean medicine would be innovated and further developed into a personalized medicine.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.36-58
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• 2020

Objectives: We conducted a literature study on the treatment trends in China to find out the possibility of Oriental medicine treatment of atypical hyperplasia of breast (AHB). Methods: RCTs (randomized controlled trial) on AHB were collected from CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure). The search words were "乳腺增生", "乳腺囊性增生", "乳癖", "中医", "中药" and "中西医结合". The search period was limited from July 2006 to May 2017. Finally, we selected 107 RCTs which were clinical studies to find out the effectiveness of Chinese herbal medicine in comparison with Western medicine. After reviewing, we investigated Chinese herbal medication guide, Chinese treatment method and prescriptions. And the correlation between the treatments and the medicinal herbs was investigated to be useful in the clinical practice. Results: 1. The administration of herbal medicine was 58.9 percent in 63 cases, followed by menstrual cycles, and 41.1 percent in 44 cases, regardless of menstrual cycles. 2. In the basic frequency analysis between the treatment and the medicinal herb, the frequency of dissipate binds (散結) was the highest. Next, there was a high frequency of therapies such as activating blood-activating (活血), relieve pain (止痛), soothe the liver (疏肝), regulate qi (理氣), resolve phlegm (化痰), soften hardness (軟堅), resolve depression (解鬱), move qi (行氣) of frequency was high. In herbal medicine, bupleuri radix (柴胡), cyperi rhizoma (香附子), angelicae gigantis radix (當歸), fritillaria thunbergii bulb (貝母), paeoniae radix alba (白芍藥), prunellae spica (夏枯草), corydalis rhizoma (玄胡索) showed high frequency. 3. We finded out the correlation between the frequent treatment methods and the medicinal herbs using Text Mining. Conclusions: These findings are thought to help implement Korean traditional medicine treatments for AHB.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.13-23
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• 2012

This paper studied the premodern Chinese Medical Herb Market and commercial culture by analysing the structure and management of Qizhou(祁州) Medical Herb Market, the most representative herb market of the Qing(淸) Dynasty. The merchant of Qizhou(祁州) Medical Herb Market developed 'guild halls(會館)' or 'regional merchant groups(地域商帮)' and form a strong regional bond. These local merchants brought medical herbs from their hometown to Qizhou(祁州) to sell, and bought herbs that were not produced in their hometown or valuable medical herbs from Qizhou(祁州) Medical Herb Market. Qizhou(祁州) Medical Herb Market was a space of various types of business managements. The major business of Qizhou(祁州) Medical Herb Market was herb trade but merchants of other related industries were also active. The thtive of 'Wu Da Hui(五大會)' reflects this.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.136.1-136
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• 2003

Aristolochic acid has been known to be a carcinogenic compound and to cause Chinese herbs nephrophathy. To determine the content of aristolochic acid in various medicinal herbs marketed domestically, samples of Aristolochia fangchi, Aristolochia fructus, Aristolochia radix, Asiasari radix, Saussureae radix, and Akebia caulis were analyzed using TLC and HPLC. The optimal conditions for TLC and HPLC were established for the quantitative analysis of aristolochic acid. This study showed that Aristolochia fangchi and Aristolochia fructus examined in this study contain aristolochic acid of 3.9 and 2.3 mg/g sample, respectively. In contrast, aristolochic acid was not detected in other samples.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.69-85
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• 2020

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the trend of Tranditional Chinese Medicine for Otitis Media with Effusion(OME) in Chinese journals. Methods : Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI) and Wanfang med online were used to search Chinese studies which were published from January, 2010 to April, 2020. Results : Among Chinese studies, Exterior-releasing medicinal(解表藥) and Heat-clearing medicinal(淸熱藥) were the most frequently used. The herbs which used the most frequently are Bupleuri Radix(柴胡), Acori Graminei Rhizoma(石菖蒲). All of studies have reported that Tranditional Chinese Medicine is effective for Otitis Media with Effusion. Conclusions : In analysis of selected studies, Tranditional Chinese Medicine is more effective than Western Medicine Treatments. Recurrence rates and side effects of OME can be reduced by cotreatment of Tranditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine Treatments.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.48-69
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• 2013

Objectives There are constant increase numbers of cases mumps in children. The purpose of this study is to analyze traditional Chinese medicine treatments of epidemic mumps in children through traditional Chinese medical journal research. Methods 20 studies were selected based on title keyword "Epidemic mumps" "Child" published in CAJ(China Academic Journal). Study researched about clinical effect, herbs, attachment, moxa, venesection treatments in epidemic mumps in children Results & Conclusions There are so many treatments about epidemic mumps in children through analyzing studies in CAJ. Single and combination traditional Chinese medicine treatment is more effective in epidemic mumps in children. Therefore, we need to study more about epidemic mumps in children and should make more clinical case about it.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.104 no.3
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• pp.495-502
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• 2015

This study intended to provide basic data required in establishing policies for improving the forestry management and the compensation standard for the loss from non-timber forest products by examining the cost of cultivating key medicinal herbs and the earnings from them to analyze the income. According to the income analysis on the cultivation of medicinal herbs, the average annual income per unit area of Adenophora triphylla var. japonica Hara was the highest as it recorded 14,233,000 won/10a and was followed by Pleuropterus multiflorus TURCZ. which recorded 4,121,000 won/10a, Gastrodia elata Blume 3,766,000 won/10a, Epimedium koreanum Nakai 3,537,000 won/10a, Atractylodes ovata (Thunb.) DC. 2,655,000 won/10a, Aralia continentalis Kitagawat 1,048,000 won/10a, Paeonia lactiflora Pallas 1,025,000 won/10a, and Bupleurum falcatum L. 919,000 won/10a. Compared with the income from major nuts and fruits analyzed in 2014, the average annual income per unit area for medicinal herbs was relatively higher. For Adenophora triphylla var. japonica Hara and Aralia continentalis Kitagawat, soots are used for food and the roots for medicine, it appears that it can become a new income source for the farming and mountain villages. Meanwhile, the price for Paeonia lactiflora Pallas is dropping due to Chinese imports, and also damage to the income from other medicinal herbs due to Chinese imports is expected with the implementation of Korea-China FTA in the future.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.109-131
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• 2011

Objectives: This study aims to search the clinical cases that treated leiomyoma through the traditional Chinese medicine, to understand the study trend on leiomyoma in China, and to clairfy the cause of leiomyoma and its treatment by the oriental medicine herbs. Methods: We searched the key word "leiomyoma" in the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI)[http://www.cnki.net], and narrowed its searching area to the papers published in the year 2010. Of 720 study papers, we chose 21 clinical papers on the leiomyoma, and studied the patient case, treating method, result of treatment, and checked the category, cause, treatment method of leiomyoma. Results: The results are shown in the Table 1-3. Conclusions: Leiomyoma is categorized in the traditional Chinese medicine as both lump occuring inside the body and stony abdominal lump. The main cause of leiomyoma is qi-stagnation and blood stasis, essence deficiency and pathogen affluence. The treatment method is used by activating blood and resolving stasis but harmonizing the spleen and stomach to prevent damaging healthy qi. The development herbal medicine of treating leiomyoma is Gyehongbyeolgaphwan, Gyejibongnyeonggyonang, Gungryusogyonang, Angonpyoen etc. In treating leiomyoma, the herbs were much used to regulate qi as Baekbokryung, Danggwi, Baekchul, Doin, Moryeo, Achul, Mokdanpi etc. Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) treatment of leiomyoma has efficiency of improve symptom but low ratio of complete recovery.