• 비교문화연구
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• 제35권
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• pp.97-122
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• 2014

Since the arrival of Chinese immigrants in the 1850s, many Euro-American writers tended to project their fears, contempt, desires and fantasy onto the Other race and perceived Chinese Americans in stereotypes-dangerous villains, unassimilated aliens, quiet and passive servants, sexually submissive women, or seductive prostitutes. However in the 1970s and the 1980s Euro-American novels expressed varying attitudes towards Chinese Americans. Many earlier EuroAmerican writers began portraying positive characterizations of Chinese Americans. The purpose of this study is to examine the ways one of the Euro-American writers, Howard Fast characterized Chinese Americans in The Immigrants. Part of the novel concerns a Chinese American family. Fast gave a favorable portrayal of Chinese Americans. Unlike many Euro-American novelists who dealt only with Chinese American villains and prostitutes and view Chinese Americans as the lowest class of American society, Fast, on the other hand, portrayed Chinese Americans as law-abiding and useful citizens. Thus, I will discuss how Howard Fast subverted the familiar negative characterization of Chinese Americans and placed Chinese American experiences in the context of American immigration history. Many white Americans tended to notice only the lurid and sensational aspects in the Chinese American community. They seldom regarded Chinese Americans as people with homes and families and seldom saw Chinese Americans as individuals, as human beings with feelings, pain, and joy. To counter this racist view, Fast described the family life of Chinese Americans and depicted Chinese Americans as individuals with a full range of human emotions and with strong family and cultural ties. Though Fast debunked some myths about Chinese Americans, he also reinforces other stereotypes or some stereotypical illusions about them. In conclusion, I'll demonstrate Fast's work remains an incomplete representation of Chinese Americans.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.89-96
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the importance and satisfaction with Korean food for foreigners living in Busan with consideration for nationalities, for the sake of improving satisfaction with Korean food. The research was performed using questionnaires and conducted from August 14 to September 30, 2011 for 376 foreigners in Busan. Total mean scores for the importance (4.01/5.00) and satisfaction (3.59/5.00) of Korean food attributes were significantly different (p<0.01). The gaps of the importance score and satisfaction score were -0.91 for cleanliness of food, -0.74 for taste, -0.70 for quality, and -0.68 for smell. Mean scores of satisfaction for Americans and Europeans (3.69) and Southeast Asians (3.78) were significantly (p<0.01) higher than those of Japanese (3.44) and Chinese (3.43) descent. Notably high importance and low satisfaction attributes of Korean food broken down by nationality were cleanliness for Americans/Europeans; quality and cleanliness for Japanese; texture and price for Chinese; and taste, smell, and price for Southeast Asians. Attributes rated with high importance and satisfaction were health benefits, nutrition, and quality for Americans/Europeans, Chinese, and Southeast Asians; taste and price for Americans/Europeans and Japanese; and cleanliness for Chinese and Southeast Asians.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권7호
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• pp.4025-4032
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• 2013

Objectives: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer for all US populations including Asian Americans. CRC screening has considerable benefits to prevent CRC and reduce mortality. The purpose of this article was to review the published literature on rates of colorectal cancer screening and factors associated with colorectal cancer screening practice among Asian Americans. Methods: Through searching electronic reference databases from 2000 to 2013, 30 articles were found on Chinese, Filipino, Japanese, Korean, and Vietnamese Americans. Findings: Asian Americans had significantly low ratesfor CRC screening; Korean Americans reported the lowest rates, while higher screening rates were found among Japanese Americans. Older age, longer length of stay in the US, and having a physician's recommendation were the most common facilitators to receiving screening. The common inhibiting factors were financial issues, employment status, and worries/fears about the procedure. Conclusions: Despite a number of Asian Americans being vulnerable to CRC, individual Asian subgroups were underserved with CRC screening and intervention. Further studies should focus on each individual Asian subgroup and culturally proficient CRC screening intervention programs should be developed for each.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.96-106
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the service quality attributes of Korean restaurants by North American and Chinese residents in Korea based on the Kano model. This survey was performed from September to December 2010. The subjects consisted of 135 North Americans and 165 Chinese in Seoul. The service quality attributes of Korean restaurants were composed of twenty three items in the categories of 'food quality', 'employee's service quality', 'sanitation quality', 'facility quality', and 'convenience quality'. For North Americans, there were five 'attractive quality' items, eleven 'one-dimensional quality' items and six 'indifferent quality' items, and one item had the same frequency on both 'attractive quality' and 'one-dimensional quality'. For the Chinese, there were twelve 'attractive quality' items, and ten 'one-dimensional quality' items, and one item had the same frequency on 'attractive quality' and 'one-dimensional quality'. According to the customer satisfaction coefficient developed by Timko, 'taste of the 'food (0.80)' for North Americans and 'freshness of the ingredients (0.94)' for Chinese were highest scores in the 'Better coefficient'. On the other hand, within the 'Worse coefficient', 'sanitation of the food' had the lowest score for both North Americans (-0.89) and Chinese (-0.90).

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.52-59
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was conducted to provide basic data for developing education and health promotion programs for the prevention of cancer by identifying the relation between optimistic bias about cancer and cancer preventive behavior in Korean, Chinese, American, and Japanese residents in Korea. Methods: Using a questionnaire administered by the researcher, data were collected from a convenience sample of 600, 19 to 64-yr-old male and female Korean, Chinese, American, and Japanese residents in Korea. Data was collected between February 6 and 28, 2009. Results: Scores for optimistic bias about cancer by nationality were: Koreans, -1.03; Chinese, -0.43; Americans, -0.23; and Japanese, 0.05. The cancer preventive behavior scores were: Koreans, 43.17; Chinese, 71.84; Americans, 71.71; and Japanese, 73.97. Optimistic bias about cancer and cancer preventive behavior showed a significantly positive correlation in all participants: Koreans (r=.223, p=.006); Chinese (r=.178, p=.029); Americans (r=.225, p=.006); and Japanese (r=.402, p<.001). Conclusion: The greater the optimistic bias about cancer is, the lower the cancer preventive behavior. The findings suggest that nursing interventions are needed to reduce optimistic bias about cancer and to form a positive attitude towards cancer prevention because an optimistic bias about cancer adversely affects cancer preventive behavior.

• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.154-171
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• 2006

본 논문은 캘리포니아의 중국계와 한국계의 양 소수민족은행을 비교하여 한국계 민족은행과 한국계 이민사회의 경제적 관계를 해명하고자 한다. 통상 미국 내 소수민족경제권의 경제적 성과 차이는 문화적 차이 또는 비공식금융의 기여로 설명되는 경우가 많으나 우리는 공식금융제도의 적극적 역할에 주목하여 금융제도와 소수민족경제의 관련성을 강조한다. 동시에 한국계 미국은행은 성장, 수익성, 은행전략 면에서 중국계 소수민족은행과 구분된다는 점을 중시하여, 은행전략 측면에서, 중국계와 한국계가 고객과의 장기적 거래를 중시하는 유사한 관계은행전략을 구사하지만, 은행의 대출분포와 예금분포는 서로 다르다는 점을 지적하였다. 이는 각 소수민족은행이 다른 경영성과를 낳는 이유가 된다. 한국계은행의 경우 대출구조가 사업대출 중심이며, 이자 낳지 않는 예금의 비중이 중국계 민족은행보다 상대적으로 높은 사실이 한국계 소수민족은행이 높은 성장을 하게 된 배경이다. 따라서 관계은행전략이라는 개념만으로는 다수의 소수민족은행의 차이를 설명할 수 없으므로, 본 연구는 한국계와 중국계의 이민사회 그 자체의 특수성에 주목하였다. 중국계 미국인의 경우 인구구성의 이질성과 해외자본의 영향이, 한국계 미국인의 경우 동질적 인구 및 사업구성과 착 한국계 미국인 금융기관의 경쟁력이 특징적이다.

• 한국복식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국복식학회 2001년도 19th International Costume Association Congress
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• pp.84-85
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• 2001

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권11호
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• pp.4885-4892
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• 2016

Background: Chinese and Korean Americans have lower colorectal cancer (CRC) screening rates than other racial/ ethnic groups, which may be explained by a low level of CRC knowledge and a high level of misconceptions. This study explores the role of knowledge in CRC screening among these groups. Methods: Chinese (N=59) and Korean (N=61) Americans older than 50 were recruited from the Washington D.C. Metropolitan area. They completed a detailed survey and participated in focus groups to discuss their knowledge on CRC and CRC screening. Seventeen physicians, community leaders, and patient navigators participated in key informant interviews. Using a mixed methods approach, data were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. Results: Participants lacked knowledge about CRC and CRC screening. More than half did not know that screening begins at age 50 and there are several types of tests available. More than 30% thought CRC screening was not necessary if there were no symptoms or there was nothing they could do to prevent CRC. Focus group findings suggested understanding about CRC was limited by an inadequate source of linguistically and culturally relevant health information. For example, many participants considered CRC a western condition mainly caused by unhealthy diet. This led to under-estimations about their susceptibility to CRC. Knowledge was positively associated with self-reported screening. Participants who had higher knowledge scores were more likely to report ever having had a colonoscopy and confidence in ability to have CRC screening. Conclusions: Mixed-methods analysis provides multi-faceted perspectives on CRC knowledge and its influence on screening. Study findings can help inform interventions to increase CRC screening among Chinese and Korean Americans.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.86-96
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was conducted to examine and compare satisfaction with Korean health care services for Americans, Chinese and Russians who resided in Korea. Methods: A questionnaire was distributed to 252 participants (81 Americans, 89 Chinese, 82 Russians). Three focus group interviews were subsequently conducted in order to obtain a greater understanding of participants' experience and perspectives. Results: The average satisfaction score was 3.09, with Americans and Russians showing significantly higher scores than Chinese. Overall, participants reported higher satisfaction in 'Facility', 'Quality of care' and 'Nursing services' as opposed to 'Information/education'. 'Care with cultural respect' as well as communication related services. Data from the focus group interviews were categorized into 12 sub-categories, 7 categories and 2 themes. The two themes were common experience and contrasting experience. Common experience included 4 categories, 'Quality of care', 'Hospital facility and health care system', 'Language barrier' and 'Information and education'. Contrasting experience included 3 categories, 'Medical cost', 'Health care personnel' and 'Accessibility'. Conclusion: Results of this study provide basic knowledge on foreign residents' satisfaction and experience with Korean health care services. Further research is needed with foreigners from different cultural backgrounds. Administrative and educational efforts are required to improve communication skills and cultural competency.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.301-308
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• 2013

충남지역 대학에 재학 중인 중국인 유학생과 미국인 유학생을 대상으로 탕평채에 대한 인상, 기호도, 개선점을 조사하여 중국인과 미국인의 기호에 맞는 탕평채 개발에 필요한 기초자료를 제공하고자 하였다. 중국인 유학생은 탕평채에 대한 첫 인상에 비해 시식 후의 인상이 유의적으로 높았으며(p<0.05), 미국인 유학생의 탕평채에 대한 첫 인상과 시식 후의 인상 간에는 차이가 없었다. 탕평채를 시식한 후의 인상이 좋았던 이유로 중국인 유학생은 '맛이 좋아서' 35.3%, '식재료가 좋아서' 13.7%이었으며 미국인 유학생은 '맛이 좋아서' 31.6%, '향이 좋아서' 15.9%이었다. 따라서 중국인 유학생과 미국인 유학생이 탕평채를 시식 한 후 좋았던 주 된 이유는 '맛이 좋아서'인 것을 알 수 있었다. 탕평채의 관능적 특성(색깔, 외관, 맛, 향, 텍스처)에 대한 기호도 및 전반적인 선호도를 조사한 결과 색깔에 대한 기호도는 여학생이 남학생에 비해, 3년-4년 미만 거주한 학생이 1년 미만 거주한 학생에 비해, 중국인 유학생이 미국인 유학생에 비해 더 높았다(p<0.05). 중국인 유학생은 미국인 유학생에 비해 외관, 향, 텍스처에 대한 기호도가 높았으나 유의적인 차이는 보이지 않았다. 전반적인 선호도는 중국인 유학생이 미국인 유학생에 비해 다소 높았으나 유의적 차이는 없었으며 모두 '좋다' 정도의 비교적 높은 선호도를 보였다. 탕평채의 기호도를 높이기 위해 가장 개선해야 할 점으로 중국인 유학생은 '맛'이 54.9%로 가장 많았으며 다음으로는 '식재료'(19.5%)이었다. 심층면접에서 '짠맛과 매운맛의 조절', '고기 사용량의 조절', '붉은색 식재료의 사용' 등의 개선방안이 제안되어 중국인들이 선호하는 향신료를 사용하여 매콤한맛과 짭짤한맛을 강하게 조절하고 고기의 사용량 증가, 붉은색 재료의 사용 등을 통해 중국인들의 기호에 맞는 탕평채 개발이 가능한 것으로 여겨진다. 한편 미국인 유학생은 '텍스처'라고 답한 조사대상자의 비율이 가장 높았으며 심층면접에 의해 탕평채의 기호도 향상방안을 조사한 결과 '다양한 채소의 사용', '묵의 부드러운 정도 조절', '제공온도 조절' 등의 의견이 제시되어 웰빙 건강식을 추구하는 미국인(특히 채식주의자) 들을 위해 고기를 넣지 않고 미국인들이 선호하는 채소를 사용한 탕평채 개발, 묵의 텍스처 보완, 제공온도의 조절 등을 통해 미국 현지인의 입맛을 사로잡기에 충분할 것으로 파악되었다. 2000년대 초에 시작된 에스닉푸드(ethnic food)와 건강식에 대한 인기는 미국을 비롯한 전세계적으로 확산되어 가고 있다. 따라서 탕평채만의 독특한 한국적인 맛과 멋을 살리면서 중국이나 미국 현지에서 즐기는 향신료와 식재료를 접목시켜 중국인이나 미국인의 기호에 맞는 탕평채를 개발함으로써 경쟁력 있는 대표 한식으로 발전될 것으로 생각된다.