• 복식
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• 제22권
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• pp.159-176
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• 1994

This study's purpose is to find the ancient costume of the folk song's words on Dunhuang manuscripts in the background wass-carvings sculptures and several art works. Dunhuang had played the part of major route between ancient China and Europe. It is located on kam-suksong the west of China. 1. In the aspect of costume arrangement hair Styling is represented by Naegagyo, Wangyesa, Kyongburak, Bonkwyun, Pogurak, Chonsonja, Namgaja, Tongson-ga, Ojesa, Chanboja in Dunhuang manuscripts. tugue is sim-ilar to Sabyokkwanja in Naegagyo as of that time these kinds of Kwan-ja was very popular. It was told that emperor's wife concubine and maid of honor would wear kwnaja favorably. And the kinds of Tugeu is PuyongKwyunkye, Aangunkye, Chunkye from Kyuwanjon except Sangunkye, Ounkye in Dunhuangsa. 2. Jangdaegy is guoted from Kyuw-anjon -A series of the chinese history book-tells us about women's make-up . The narmes of make-up are Hongjang Unjan--g, Yiljang chwejang, Tam-ajang Murgjang, Sanagjang, Light-make up are referred in Naegagyo is included as packjang Besides we can find other make-up skills Huphwaro and Rujang from the Kaewonch onbon-wisa which was Yangkwibi's episodes. We can find the a corpus of song's words about cosmetic custom in Kor-ea. Which is 'Haecho' folk song in the souther-en costal regions 'Jinggum' folk song in Kim-hae regions and so on.... It's words is similar to Dunhuangsa in China. 3. Bichun inherited to China with India Bud-dism art in the middle of Dunhuang wall-pain-tings is one of the important Buddist saint. Sometimes it is painted with Giakchun Its arms of fly-dnacing in heaven with colored belt on body has almost the form of play on the musical instrument, We can see seasily the form in the painting of Buddist ser-mon. It was progressed and changed with the background of chinese traditional culture. When Dang's period came the color was chan-ged lighting dark blue has rhythmical and viv-id power of life. 4. Among the corpus of song's words which express the singers' system and rites of their tradition or habits. Dunhuang manuscripts des-cribes on behalf of the folk song's words in tra-ditional costume. This is following: (1) Naegagyo o sabyokwanja o Chyrasam o Rashang (2) Wangyesa o Sokryugun o Costume for fisher man (3) Bungajang of the chanboja o Ajang (4) Pongkwyun o Chongui (5) Tongsongs o Junofore (6) Namgaja o thin-Rasam (7) Yuchungnang o Hongsam o Sokryugun : The color of red costume (8) Kyongburak o Hongrasam o Sokryugun : Costume for charming woman Therefore traditional costume could be extracted according to the Dunhuang folk song's words out of culture such as learning rit-es three-obedience four-virtues and in-struction. As the same time it reflects ancient China's characteristics directly. I would endeavor to development for the history of the costume furher creative design and participat-ed in research activity with concerns forward continuously.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.81-94
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• 2011

Buddhism that has arisen in India began to build the Stupa to enshrine body and Sari of Buddha as an object of worship. The stupa existed as a tome of holy leaders even before the birth of Buddha, which was called stupa or tupa in the Sanskrit and the Pali, the ancient language of India. The stupa was renamed accordingly in each Buddhism transmitted countries such as Ceylon, Tibet, Nepal, Myanmar, Thailand and China and also reshaped according to their own formative style. But its original meaning and type are kept unchanged. The stupa was established in the 4 holy places including the birth place of Buddha, the place where Buddha found enlightenment, the place where Buddha preached for the first time, and the place where Buddha died. Thus, a pagoda to commemorate holy ancient places is called Chaitya, which became differentiated from the stupa in which Sari is enshrined. The stupa means Nirvana, the eternal body of Buddha, and also a place filled with teaching and preaching of Buddhism. It signifies the symbol of Buddha who escaped from the death and rebirth, to achieve complete extinction, i.e. parinirvana, and to reach ultimate eternal world, rather than simply means death. During the non-statue of th Buddha period, people built the stupa to embody Nirvana of the Buddha, and worshipped the tomb where body of holy saints was enshrined. On the other hand, they also sanctified memorial things such as tools that holy saints used, the Bo tree under which one achieved Nirvana, Dharma cakra that implied words, footprint that carried out mission work, and a way to reach to heaven.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.304-310
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• 2007

Saussurea costus (Falc.) Lipchitz syn S. lappa C. B. Clarke (commonly known as 'Kuth') belonging to the family Asteraceae is a well known medicinal plant which finds wide usage in different indigenous systems of medicine of India, China, Korea & Tibet. In different folk medicines the roots of S. costus are used to treat various disorders like ulcer, stomachache, malaria, leprosy, dysentery and toothache. However due to over exploitation, it has become endangered and has become the concern of different governmental bodies in India. The increasing demand of this endangered Himalayan species has resulted in a situation where it is often substituted, knowingly or unknowingly, by other morphologically similar species. Arctium lappa, belonging to the same family, is one such plant that has often been found to be present in the market samples of 'Kuth'. The present study was thus carried out and morphoanatomical characters, physicochemical as well as chemical parameters were developed for proper identification of roots of S. costus and its differenciation from A. lappa as well as authentication of the commercial market samples. The detailed morphoanatomical studies revealed that roots of S. costus can be distinguished from A. lappa on the basis of some important microscopial characters eg. the schizogenous resin ducts observed in roots of S. costus, were absent in A. lappa.. Besides, the HPTLC fingerprint profile showed a distinct band at Rf. 0.72 in S. costus, which was totally absent in A. lappa and a band at $R_f$ 0.64 in A. lappa which was absent in S. costus Chlorogenic acid, used as a chemical marker for HPTLC analysis, was estimated to be 0.077% in S. costus as compared to 0.107% in A. lappa. Thus these detailed pharmacognostical parameters can be successfully used to distinguish between roots of S. costus and A. lappa.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.272-286
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• 2022

Black root rot (BRR) caused by Lasiodiplodia theobromae is an alarming disease of mulberry that causes tremendous economic losses to sericulture farmers in India and China. Successful control of this disease can be attained by screening germplasm and identifying resistant sources. Seventy four diseased root samples were collected from farmer's fields belonging to four major mulberry growing states of South India. Based on morpho-cultural and scanning electron microscopy studies, 57 fungal isolates were characterized and identified as L. theobromae. Phylogenetic analysis of concatenated internal transcribed spacer and β-tubulin sequences revealed variation of the representative 20 isolates of L. theobromae. Following the root dip method of inoculation, pathogenicity studies on susceptible mulberry genotypes (Victory-1 and Thailand male) recognized the virulent isolate MRR-142. Accordingly, MRR-142 isolate was used to evaluate resistance on a set of 45 diverse mulberry accessions. In the repeated experiments, the mulberry accession ME-0168 which is an Indonesian origin belonging to Morus latifolia was found to be highly resistant consistently against BRR. Eight accessions (G2, ME-0006, ME-0011, ME-0093, MI-0006, MI-0291, MI-0489, and MI-0501) were found to be resistant. These promising resistant resources may be exploited in mulberry breeding for developing BRR resistant varieties and to develop mapping populations which successively helps in the identification of molecular markers associated with BRR.

• 광물과 암석
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2022

석재는 역사적으로 빌딩용 석재, 거석, 장식용 석재, 사냥 및 연마 등 다양한 용도로 사용된다. 세계 석재 생산은 채석 부산물을 제외하고 2018년 1억 5,300만톤 생산하여 전년도 대비 0.8% 증가한 것으로 나타났다. 석재 생산과 비례하여 석재 부산물은 석재 생산량의 71%를 차지한다. 석재 무역은 전년도 5,800만톤 보다 150만톤 감소한 5,650만톤이 거래되었다. 2018년 석재 무역에서 평균 가격은 2.5% 감소하였고, 석재 생산결과 세계 상위 12개 수출 국가 기준으로 약 7% 감소하여 34달러(USD/m²)로 나타났다. 석재 평균 가격 순위의 주요 3개국은 이탈리아, 그리스 및 브라질은 더욱 많은 가격 상승을 보여주었다. 2018년에 전체적으로 석재 수입과 수출은 8억 1,500만 m²이며, 200억달러(USD) 이상 수익이 발생했다. 석재 수입은 주로 6개 국가가 주도하여 중국, 이탈리아, 터키, 인도, 브라질, 스페인 및 포르투칼 순서로 많았다. 인구 천명당 세계 석재사용은 2001년 117 m²에서 2017년 264 m², 2018년 266 m²로 증가했다. 석재 사용량은 2배 이상 증가 했고, 최근에 조금 감소하고 있으며 천명당 1,000 m² 이상 사용하는 국가는 유일하게 스위스, 한국, 사우디아라비아 및 벨기에이지만, 가장 많이 증가한 국가는 중국, 인도 및 미국 순이다. 국제 경기 침체에도 불구하고 석재 무역은 지속적으로 증가하여 2025년 6,985만톤으로 판단된다.

• Asian Journal for Public Opinion Research
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.153-202
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• 2014

Aside from political leaders' popularity rates and the stock exchange index of business firms, ordinary people are highly interested in aspects of daily life, such as housing, income, health, family, food, human relations and work. Cross-national opinion polls on daily-life satisfaction were carried out in Japan, South Korea, Thailand, Hong Kong, Macao, the Philippines, India, Myanmar, Taiwan, China, Malaysia and Pakistan in the fall of 2013 and winter 2014. The percent difference index (PDI) is formulated as the sum of two positive responses (satisfied and somewhat satisfied) minus the sum of two negative responses (dissatisfied and somewhat dissatisfied). Percent difference indices are given according to society and daily-life aspects. For our analysis to go beneath national average and to go beyond national borders, two lines of analysis are carried out. First, the distance between the level of satisfaction of the top and bottom quartiles is given for each society and according to each of the daily-life aspects. Second, the regional sum of satisfaction of the top quartiles and bottom quartiles are shown crossed by daily-life aspects. In this article we confine ourselves to preliminary comparative description and analysis. More solid and deep comparisons will be carried out by local polling leaders of 12 Asian societies in the succeeding issue of the Asian Journal of Public Opinion Research. Nevertheless, two key threads stand out from this preliminary comparisons. First, social relations (family and human relations) stand out as most satisfied aspects of life in most of twelve societies. Second, the need to go beneath national averages and beyond national borders in analyzing cross-national surveys is confirmed. The comparability and validity of cross-national surveys with varying sampling method and survey mode are briefly discussed toward the end of the article.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.21-26
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• 2009

본 연구는 인도산, 중국산, 국내산 참깨를 열풍 건조 후 착유기를 통해 제조한 참기름에서의 PAHs 함량변화와 대형 마트에서 판매되고 있는 참기름에서의 PAHs 함량을 분석하기 위하여 실시하였다. 분석표준물질은 돌연변이원성과 발암성이 있는 것으로 알려진 8가지 PAHs를 선정하여 HPLC/FLD를 이용하여 정성 정량분석을 하였고, 색차계를 이용하여 명도(L), 적색도(a), 황색도(b)를 측정하였다. 분석결과 원산지 별 볶은 후 착유한 참기름에서 PAHs 함량은 볶지 않았을 때보다 유의적으로 증가하였다. 볶지 않은 참기름인 경우 PAHs 함량은 인도산, 중국산, 국내산 순이었다. 인도산 참깨에서 0.95 ${\mu}g$/kg의 PAHs 가 검출되었는데 이는 환경으로부터 PAHs가 생성될 수 있다는 점을 추측할 수 있었다. $250^{\circ}C$에서 25분간 볶은 참기름인 경우 중국산, 국내산, 인도산 순으로 PAHs가 검출되었다. 중국산 참깨에서 PAHs 함량은 3.97 ${\mu}g$/kg으로 볶지 않았을 때보다 약 4배 이상 증가하였다. 중국산 참깨는 다른 원산지 참깨에 비해 볶는 온도와 시간에 영향을 많이 받는 것으로 사료된다. 국내에서 판매되고 있는 참기름 중 PAHs 함량 분석한 결과, PAHs 총 함량은 0.79-2.15 ${\mu}g$/kg으로 검출 되었다. 국내 기준 규격으로 설정되어 있는 Benzo[${\alpha}$]pyrene 함량은 0-0.19 ${\mu}g$/kg으로 기준치인 2 ${\mu}g$/kg 이하로 검출되었다. 이는 제조회사에서 PAHs 저감화를 위해 제조과정을 변화시킨 결과로 추측할 수 있다. 원산지 별 참기름과 시중에 판매되는 참기름과의 색도를 비교해 본 결과 $250^{\circ}C$에서 25분 볶은 후 착유한 인도산, 중국산, 국내산 참기름의 명도(L)는 43.31, 41.15, 41.64이었고, 적색도(a)는 13.11, 13.12, 12.48이었고, 황색도(b)는 15.24, 11.87, 11.95이었다. 이는 시중에 판매되는 4종의 참기름과 유사한 색도를 나타내었다. 또한 참기름의 품질평가는 수율, 색도, 향미성분, 지방산 조성 변화를 통해 이뤄지고 있는데, 연구결과를 종합해보면 원산지 별로 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 이에 따라 PAHs 생성량이 적은 국내산과 인도산의 참깨가 참기름원료로 적당하며, PAHs의 생성량이 많은 중국산 참깨에 대한 보다 많은 모니터링 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2006년도 International Symposium on GPS/GNSS Vol.1
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• pp.401-405
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• 2006

A uniform velocity field of crust can be obtained by cumulative multi-year GPS data. Then the shortening and sliding of drape zones between Chinese Continent Blocks can be researched through the velocity field and dynamics meaning is also analyzed. A model of movement and strain is created to extract displacing and rotating information of blocks in this paper. On the basis of it, the shortening vectors and sliding states of drape zones between blocks can be obtained by the model of level center of gravity moving velocity vectors between neighboring blocks. Some result show as follows. India plate jostles greatly toward north, so a complicated movement situation is formed for 14 sub-blocks. And self-deformations of inner tectosomes can be greatly reflected according to the characteristics of drape zones between tectosomes. The extrusion deformation exists between Himalaya and Qiangtang blocks. Its contraction ratio is about 20.1 $mm.a^{-1}$. However, it only is $mm.a^{-1}$ between Tarim and Zhungar. The deformation characteristics and contraction ratio of other drape zones are obviously different with the former. The movement characteristics of contraction, shear, dislocation, etc. are showed in these zones. The average contraction ratio is about 5.0 $mm.a^{-1}$. The whole trend in the west continent has a big movement toward north, and in the east continent has a small movement toward south or southeast. The strain of west continent is far bigger than that of east, and the strain of southwest is bigger than that of the southeast. It is whole showed that India plate jostles toward north-east and the south-north zone has cutting and absorbing phenomena. The total characteristics and present-day trends of deformation of inland drape zones are basically described by the sinistrorse dislocation in south-north zone and Arjin fracture, the sinistrorse shear between south china and north china, etc.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.141-147
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• 2021

본 연구에서는 주요 새우 생산 국가에서 2017년 7월부터 2020년 11월 사이 생산되어 국내로 수입된 냉동 새우(29개 그룹)를 대상으로 흰반점바이러스(WSSV), covert mortality nodavirus (CMNV) 및 decapod iridescent virus 1 (DIV-1)의 검출여부를 조사하였다. 각 바이러스에 대한 nested PCR 결과, WSSV는 9개 그룹(9/29)에서 검출되었으며 CMNV와 DIV-1은 검출되지 않았다. Nested PCR에서 WSSV 양성으로 확인된 시료를 대상으로 WSSV genome variable loci로 알려진 VR 14/15 region에 대해 참조 서열들과 삽입/결손(insertion and deletion) 서열 비교 및 근연관계를 분석하였다. WSSV 양성 시료 중 1개 시료(20-CH-1 isolate, 2020년 10월 중국 생산)에서만 VR 14/15에 대한 PCR amplicon이 생성되었으며 염기서열 분석 결과, 20-CH-1 isolate는 2005년 인도에서 보고된 WSSV-IN-05-01과 99.84%의 상동성을 보였다. 이는 과거 알려진 바와 같이 새우의 교역을 통한 국가 간 WSSV가 확산되었음을 뒷받침해주는 결과이다.

• 국제지역연구
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.189-209
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• 2018

본 연구의 목적은 개발협력의 국제적 연구동향을 파악하기 위해 국제개발협력 분야에서 저널 영향력 지수(impact factor)가 최상위인 World Development와 Journal of Development Studies에 언급된 SDGs의 17개 목표들 간의 연결 관계를 분석하는 것이다. SDGs의 17개 목표는 5개(사람, 지구, 파트너십, 평화, 번영) 범주로 구분되며, 이들은 서로 연결되어 있다. 본 연구에서는 SDGs 17개 목표 간의 연결망을 밝히기 위해 Atlas.ti 소프트웨어를 활용하여 논문 초록 내용분석을 시행했다. SDGs 수립 이후 World Development와 Journal of Development Studies에 발행된 730편의 학술지 초록을 분석한 결과는 다음 세 가지로 요약된다. 첫째, 젠더(gender)와 관련한 이슈들이 두 개의 학술지 모두에서 중요하게 다뤄지고 있었다. 특히 여성과 소득의 불평등, 여성의 건강문제, 교육과 관련된 주제들 간의 연결 관계가 높게 나타났다. 둘째, 두 개의 학술지에서 주로 분석된 국가는 중국과 인도이며, 특히 World Development의 경우 남남협력(south-south cooperation)을 집중적으로 다루었다. 셋째, World Development는 SDGs 11부터 SDGs 17까지의 사례 연구 중 개발도상국과 관련된 내용은 상대적으로 적은 반면 Journal of Development Studies에는 기후, 수자원 및 육지생태계 보호와 관련된 환경 이슈 연구가 거의 없음을 발견했다. 따라서 변혁적이고 포괄적인 개발 목표 달성과 분석을 위해 향후 각 목표의 연결망에 기반 한 보다 균형 있는 연구가 요청된다.