• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.12
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• pp.1740-1745
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• 2009

In this study, effect of resveratrol concentration on wine taste was investigated. Content of resveratrol in 14 different wines were quantified using HPLC. The resveratrol concentrations in the Australian wine samples (grape species: Syrah) with 3 vintage years were analyzed and different concentrations of resveratrol were observed (2.89-3.84 mg/L). Variation in wine grape species with the same wine manufacturer (Chile, 2006) and variation in different manufacturing country of origin with same wine grape species (Cabernet Sauvignon, 2006) also produced the variations in resveratrol concentration. The preference analysis (color, aroma, taste,astringency and overall acceptability) of the sample wines were determined by 15 panelists using 5-point hedonic scale. When the analysis results of the resveratrol concentrations in the sample wines were compared with the preference analysis of sample wines, the resveratrol concentration in the wine produced the positive effects in the wine preference analysis in the factors of aroma, taste and color.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.25-30
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• 1972

Five to seven day old pupae were irradiated with gamma rays, the mating ability, and competability of the irradiated males were examined. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. There is no difference in percentage of males that mated, nor in the maximum number of matings of the males, when individual matings were made, and fresh females were provided every day for his life time. 2. The average days for the first mating of the emerged were 1.5 days for the control, and 2.4 days for the males irradiated with 25 and 30 Krad. The average days between first and second mating were 3.0 days for the irradiated males, and 1.3 days for the control. 3. The average matings of a male were 1.2 and 2.5 times when 5 and 10 females were provided to a normal male respectively. No significant different in average numbers of mated female per male were observed between the normal and irradiated males. 4. To test the mating competitiveness of the irradiated and normal males (1:0, 1:1, 2:1, 1:2, 5:1, 1:5, 0:1) were confined together with five virgin females. The greatest reduction in hatching percentage was found with 5 : 1 : 1 (30 Krad) where $26.6\%$ was hatched.5, The results showed that the irradiated males were not fully competitive with normal males, but if the reduced number of eggs produced by the female mated with irradiated male is considered, it might be used sterile male techniques in rice stem borer control.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.3721-3729
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• 2014

Background: Cancer is becoming the most important public health burden around the globe. As per the GLOBOCAN 2008 estimates, about 12.7 million cancer cases and 7.6 million cancer deaths were estimated to have occurred in 2008. The burden of cancer cases for India in the year 2020 is calculated to be 1,148,757 (male 534,353; female 614,404) compared to 979,786 in 2010. The pattern of cancer incidence is varying among geographical regions, esophageal cancer for example being high in China, lung cancer in USA, and gallbladder cancer in Chile. The question remains why? Is it due to the diversity in genome pool, food habits, risk factor association and role of genetic susceptibility or some other factors associated with it? In India, the North East (NE)-India region is seeing a marked increase in cancer incidence and deaths, with a very different cancer incidence pattern compared to mainland India. The genome pool of the region is also quite distinct from the rest of India. Northeastern tribes are quite distinct from other groups; they are more closely related to East Asians than to other Indians. In this paper an attempt was made to see whether there is any similarity among the pattern of cancer incidence cases for different sites of NE-India region to South or East-Asia. Materials and Methods: Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA), Pearson Correlation coefficient test was assessed to evaluate the linkage of North-East India region to other regions. A p value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: The results clearly shows that there are similarities in occurrence of cancer incidence patterns for various cancer sites of NE-India with South and East-Asian regions, which may lead to the conclusion that there might be a genetic linkage between these regions.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.5167-5170
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• 2012

Chilean red chili peppers contaminated with aflatoxins were reported in a previous study. If the development of gallbladder cancer (GBC) in Chile is associated with a high level of consumption of aflatoxin-contaminated red chili peppers, such peppers from other countries having a high GBC incidence rate may also be contaminated with aflatoxins. We aimed to determine whether this might be the case for red chili peppers from Bolivia and Peru. A total of 7 samples (3 from Bolivia, 4 from Peru) and 3 controls (2 from China, 1 from Japan) were evaluated. Aflatoxins were extracted with acetonitrile:water (9:1, v/v) and eluted through an immuno-affinity column. The concentrations of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2 were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and then the detected aflatoxins were identified using HPLC-mass spectrometry. In some but not all of the samples from Bolivia and Peru, aflatoxin B1 or aflatoxins B1 and B2 were detected. In particular, aflatoxin B1 or total aflatoxin concentrations in a Bolivian samples were above the maximum levels for aflatoxins in spices proposed by the European Commission. Red chili peppers from Bolivia and Peru consumed by populations having high GBC incidence rates would appear to be contaminated with aflatoxins. These data suggest the possibility that a high level of consumption of aflatoxin-contaminated red chili peppers is related to the development of GBC, and the association between the two should be confirmed by a case-control study.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.3499-3503
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• 2016

Our recent studies conducted in South America have shown that mycotoxin contamination of red chili peppers (RCPs) may be associated with an increased risk of gallbladder cancer (GBC). Whether this relationship exists in India, a country with a high incidence of GBC and high consumption of RCPs, is unclear. We therefore measured concentrations of aflatoxins (AFs) and ochratoxin A (OTA) in RCPs from areas of low, medium, and high incidence of GBC in India, and compared these concentrations with GBC incidence in each area. Twenty-one RCP samples were collected from nine cities (eight from a low-incidence area, five from a medium-incidence area, and eight from a high-incidence area). Concentrations of AFs and OTA were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography. No significant differences in mean concentrations of AFs and OTA were found in the three areas. AFB1 levels in the low-incidence area ($10.81{\mu}g/kg$) and high-incidence area ($12.00{\mu}g/kg$) were more than 2.2 and 2.4 times higher compared with the maximum permitted level of AFB1 in spices ($5.0{\mu}g/kg$) set by the Commission of the European Communities, or that ($4.4{\mu}g/kg$) obtained in our previous study in Chile. Our results show that the mean concentrations of mycotoxins in RCPs are similar among the three areas in India with different incidences of GBC. Further studies with human subjects are needed to evaluate any association between AFB1 and GBC.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.199-208
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• 2016

We present photometric results of the δ Sct star V1162 Ori, which is extensively monitored for a total of 49 nights from mid-December 2014 to early-March 2015. The observations are made with three KMTNet (Korea Microlensing Telescope Network) 1.6 m telescopes installed in Chile, South Africa, and Australia. Multiple frequency analysis is applied to the data and resulted in clear detection of seven frequencies without an alias problem: five known frequencies and two new ones with small amplitudes of 1.2-1.7 mmag. The amplitudes of all but one frequency are significantly different from previous results, confirming the existence of long-term amplitude changes. We examine the variations in pulsation timings of V1162 Ori for about 30 years by using the times of maximum light obtained from our data and collected from the literatures. The O − C (Observed minus Calculated) timing diagram shows a combination of a downward parabolic variation with a period decreasing rate of (1/P)dP/dt = −4.22 × 10⁻⁶ year⁻¹ and a cyclic change with a period of about 2780 days. The most probable explanation for this cyclic variation is the light-travel-time effect caused by an unknown binary companion, which has a minimum mass of 0.69 M_⊙. V1162 Ori is the first δ Sct-type pulsating star of which the observed fast period decrease can be interpreted as an evolutionary effect of a pre-main sequence star, considering its membership of the Orion OB 1c association.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.130-137
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• 2020

We found Diplachne fusca subsp. uninervia (J. Presl) P.M. Peterson & N. Snow, an unrecorded alien plant, in Gimpo-si, Gyeonggi-do and Ganghwa-gun, Incheon Metropolitan City. Diplachne fusca subsp. uninervia is native to North America (the USA and Mexico), Central America (Belize, Costa Rica, Honduras, and Nicaragua), the Caribbean (the Bahamas, Cuba, Jamaica, and Puerto Rico), and South America (Venezuela, Brazil, Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru, Argentina, Chile, Paraguay, and Uruguay). It is reported as an invasive species worldwide. Diplachne fusca subsp. uninervia is closely related to D. fusca subsp. fascicularis (Lam.) P.M. Peterson & N. Snow (Gaet-deu-reong-sae in Korean), an invasive species in Korea, and both are infraspecific taxa of the species D. fusca. Diplachne fusca subsp. uninervia is distinguished from D. fusca subsp. fascicularis by the small size of its spikelets, glumes, and lemmas, with apex awnless. Its common name is "Jom-gaet-deu-reong-sae" based on the short spikelets. We found that D. fusca (≡Leptochloa fusca), previously known as "Gaet-deu-reong-sae", was misapplied. It is morphologically different from D. fusca subsp. fascicularis. Therefore, we changed the scientific name of Gaet-deu-reong-sae from D. fusca (≡L. fusca) to D. fusca subsp. fascicularis based on the type specimens, original descriptions, and recent studies.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.488-492
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• 2012

Two strains, traditionally referred to as rock flower (Bawhi-kot) and buckwheat flower (Memil-kot or Chile-Kot), were isolated from stored traditional soy sauce and were identified by using the 18S ITS1/4 region sequences. The rock flower strain showed 99% of similarity with Cladosporium sp. and buckwheat flower strain was 99% identical with yeast Sterigmatomyces halophilus. Both strains were tentatively named Cladosporium sp. NK1 and Sterigmatomyces halophilus NK2, respectively. The optimal growth pHs and temperatures of both strains in a YPD broth medium were in the range of pH 5.0 to 7.0 and 22 to $27^{\circ}C$. Both strains were able to grow in more than 20% of NaCl. In the enzyme activity assay, high protease activity of Cladosporium sp. NK1 and S. halophilus NK2 were obtained in YPD containing 10% of NaCl. High amylase activities of both stains were in 15% and 5% of NaCl, respectively. Lipase activity was, however, not detected in both strains.

• Strategy21
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• s.44
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• pp.352-376
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• 2018

Through this research, the current state of naval coordination and guidance of shipping is reviewed whereupon which a suggestion is made for a novel role which satisfies the needs of the people and the country asked of the Navy. Taking into consideration the dynamic security environment, the developing relationship between the two nations on the Korean peninsula, and the influence that the Republic of Korea has on maritime security, it is made more urgent that the Navy takes a proactive course of action in terms of naval coordination and guidance of shipping. The current form of Korean naval coordination and guidance of shipping is adapted from the logical and flexible concepts of NCAPS and NCAGS and is one of many tasks that the Republic of Korea Navy must perform. However, when the Republic of Korea Navy develops blue-water capabilities with the ambitions of protecting its people and their way of life, naval coordination and guidance of shipping could potentially become one of the primary functions of the Republic of Korea Navy that the it must champion. Already, there are indications that foreign navies are, through many developments and commitment towards naval coordination and guidance of shipping, protecting its people and states' interests wherever is necessary. In the case of Chile, its Navy has taken the helm of naval coordination and guidance of shipping and has integrated various maritime organizations including the coast guard and the National Customs Service for the sake of maintaining regional maritime security, showing immediate force if necessary. Presently, as the Republic of Korea Navy looks to be a global naval power, it is important that a reprioritization of the Navy's mission is undertaken, all the while sustaining military readiness posture on the Northern Limit Line. It cannot be any more emphasized how crucial thorough military readiness posture is as a natural stance against the enemy. That being said, contributing towards international maritime security is consistent with the nation's standing. It is a fact that maritime security has been conceptualized and developed merely as a study within the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries, the Republic of Korea Navy, and other governmental organizations, forces, and academia. Naval cooperation and guidance of shipping suggested by this research as a practical operational field is a concrete solution to what once was an abstract concept. To stand firm on its status as a maritime nation, the Republic of Korea must establish a Maritime Security Organization within its Navy and develop the appropriate doctrines. Attaining experts, developing doctrines, and cultivating the capability to deploy maritime forces will allow for the Republic of Korea to execute a primary role in keeping international maritime security and naval coordination and guidance of shipping. To fully achieve its latent potential necessitates the Republic of Korea Navy to expedite the introduction of naval coordination and guidance of shipping concepts and to establish the appropriate doctrines, operation plans, and organizations.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.3-18
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• 2018

In this study, I examined capital market shock reaction effects of 29 OECD countries with the past 24 years sample period consisting of daily stock market return using T-GARCH model focused on volatility feedback hypothesis. US daily stock market return is used as a unique independent variable in this model in consideration of its characteristics of biggest market share and as an origin country of Global Financial Crisis. As a result, France, Finland, and Mexico in order are shown to be the strongest countries in the aspect of return spillovers from US. Canada, Mexico, and France are shown to be the highest countries in the aspect of explanatory power of model. The degrees of shock reaction are proved to be higher in order in Germany, Chile, Switzerland, and Denmark and those of downside shock reaction are seen higher in order in Greece, Great Britain, Australia, and Japan. Canada and Mexico belonging to NAFTA are shown to be higher in the return spillover from US and in the model explanatory power, but they are shown to be lower in the impact of shock reaction, suggesting that regional distance effect or gravity theory cannot be applied to financial spillovers any longer. In the analysis of subsample period of Global Financial Crisis, north American three countries do not show any consistent results as in the full sample period but shock reaction in the European countries are shown to record stronger, suggesting that shocks from US in the Crisis Times are transferred mainly to European region.