• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.254-263
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• 2001

The Purpose of this study was to find out the effects of education for prevention of sexual abuse (rape, sexual assault, sexual harassment etc.) of children in kindergarten teachers. Incidences of sexual abuse in Korea is ranked 3rd in the world. Sexual abuse of children, particularly, is one of the most serious crimes that affect both the victimized children and their family. The issue related to sexual abuse of children has been ignored, and there is a lack of systematic education to prevent sexual abuse of children either for children or their parents in Korea. Furthermore, lack of knowledge and poor attitude of teachers limit their capability to provide education for sexual abuse prevention to the children. The education for kindergarten teachers may change their knowledge of the sexual abuse and their attitude toward it and improve their capability in helping children. 114 Korean kindergarten teachers participated in this study. Research design was one group pretest-posttest design. The education given to the subjects included 2 hours of lecture. The education program was developed based on a survey. Preschool-aged-children, parents, and teachers were interviewed to reveal their educational needs based on their experiences related to sexual abuse. This program includes such as safety education, crisis management, resource person(s), and phone numbers of available hospital. Data was collected before and after the education was given to the subjects, to assess their knowledge and attitude toward child sexual abuse. Two instruments were used in this study. Using Cronbach's ALPHA validity and reliability of 2 instruments were tested. The analysis of the data was done with Window SPSS 10.0 for descriptive statistics, t-test and ANOVA. The results of this analysis were as follows : 1. After education, the score of kindergarten teachers knowledge was higher than before (t=-4.409, p=0.002). 2. After education, the score of kindergarten teachers attitude was higher than before (t=3.065, p=0.003). The findings from this study will provide an intervention strategy for prevention of sexual abuse in children.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.316-328
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• 2000

This study aims at not only suggesting some ideas useful in planning and doing the sexual education in the primary schools in the near future putting into test the sexual education program which has been developed by researchers in accordance with the national education courses but also improve sexual health of the children through taking right sexual knowledge and sound sexual attitude. For this study 21 students are selected from all class of the fourth grade of the 'D' primary school at H district in KangWon-Do and have been taught the sexual education program during 6weeks, 12times. The findings of the study are as follows: 1. After the sexual education program, the sexual knowledge of the primary school children show to be significantly different from that they had before(t=-6.661, p=.000). So, this finding indicating that the sexual education program helps the children have and expand the correct sexual knowledge accordingly. 2. In order to look into any change of the sexaul attitudes of the primary school children after the sexual education program, there were significant difference(t=-3.808, p=.001). It is discovered that children come to have more affirmative and sound sexual attitude after sexual education program. As the findings of the study indicate, it may be concluded as follows: Since the sexual education program can affirmative influence on the sexual knowledge and sexual attitudes of the children, it is recommendable to start the sexual education program as early as possible in their childhood so that they can establish a sound sexual mortality for themselves. Additionally, to perform the sexual education program suitable for every stage of children should be developed, qualified teachers and the educational materials should be reinforced and added enough and institutional device should be made to execute the sexual education program systematically.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.239-251
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to find out the effects of education for prevention of child sexual abuse (rape, sexual assault, sexual harassment etc.) of children in elementary school students. Incidences of sexual abuse in Korea is ranked 3rd in the world. Sexual abuse of children, particularly, is one of the most serious crimes that affect both the victimized children and their family. The issue related to sexual abuse of children has been ignored, and there is a lack of systematic education to prevent sexual abuse of children either for children or their parents. Furthermore, lack of knowledge and poor attitude of teachers limit their capability to provide education for sexual abuse prevention to the children. The education for teachers may change their knowledge of the sexual abuse and their attitude toward it and improve their capability in helping children. 223 Korean elementary school students participated in this study. Research design was One group pretest-posttest design. The education given to the subjects included 4 hours through the multimedia CD-ROM on the prevention of child sexual abuse. The education program was developed based on a survey. School- aged- children, parents, and teachers were interviewed to reveal their educational needs based on their experiences related to sexual abuse. This program includes such as safety education, crisis management, resource person(s), and phone numbers of available hospital. Data was collected before, during and after the education was given to the subjects, to assess their knowledge and attitude toward child sexual abuse. Two instruments were used in this study. Using Cronbach's ALPHA validity and reliability of 2 instruments were tested. The analysis of the data was done with Window SPSS 10.0 for descriptive statistics, t-test and ANOVA. The results of this analysis were as follows : 1. After education, the score of school nurses knowledge was higher than before(t= -4.677, p=0.000). 2. After education, the score of school nurses attitude was not higher than before (t=0.131, p=0.896). The findings from this study will provide an intervention strategy for prevention of sexual abuse in children.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.186-198
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• 2000

With the improvement of the nutritive conditions and the influence of overflowing informations and various cultural aspects imported from foreign countries, children develop more rapidly in the bodily and sexual growth. This study was conducted to suggest some ideas useful in planning sexual education program in elementary schools and ultimate aim is to promote sexual health. The subject of this survey consisted of 802 fourth, fifth, sixth graders from 6 schools in Seoul, Hongchon and Chunchon. Major findings are summarized as follows. 1. The degree of sexual knowledge of children showed low averaged 26.96 and the degree of sexual attitude showed usual averaged 55.70. 2. With the respect to the demographic characteristics, there were stastically significant differences in sexual knowledge, according to children's grade(F=64.031, p=. 000), father's education(t=-2.504, p=.013), experience of menarche(t=3.470, p=.001), experience of sex-related question to their parents(t=-.6054, p=.000), experience of sex-related question to the teachers (t= -3.385, p=.001), experience of sexual education(t=8.607, p=.000) and in sexual attitude, there were stastically significant differences according to children's grade (F=6.588, p=.001), experience of sex- related question to their parents(t=-5.387, p=.000), experience of sex-related question to the teachers(t=-2.845, p=.005), experience of sexual education(t=5.070, p=.000). 3. The level of sexual knowledge and sexual attitude of childrens'was correlated at significant level(r=.354, p=.000) The findings of this study indicated that variety of the systematic sexual education program suitable for the stage of children should be developed and family, society, contry's higher concern and enlightment are required.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.305-314
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was done to identify sexual maturity, sexual knowledge and sexual attitude in late elementary school children and to provide basic data to develop more concrete and practical applications for sexual education. Method: The participants were 1,959 fifth and sixth graders from 8 elementary schools in Busan and Gyungnam. Result: Sexual maturity for boys was at the $1.3{\pm}\;.6$ stage and pubic hair $1.2{\pm}\;.6$. Breast maturity for girls was at the $2.3{\pm}\;.7$ stage, and pubic hair, $1.7{\pm}\;.8$. Of the boys, 5.9% had experienced nocturnal emission, and of the girls, 20.9% had experienced menarche. Sexual knowledge was lower than the mean. They were not well informed about contraception and sexual disease. Sexual knowledge of girls and of sixth graders was higher than boys and fifth graders. The more mature students had higher sexual knowledge. Sexual attitude was generally positive but was more positive for girls than for boys. Sexual maturity, sexual knowledge, and sexual attitude were positively correlated. Conclusion: Because sexual maturity comes earlier, systematic sexual education is needed for elementary students. Institutional and economic support should continue to be given to the sexual education programs in school, home and community.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.217-227
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this research is to enhance the effect of pictures on sexual education on primary school children which is one of the most crucial topics in health education and to evaluate how utilizing drawings can contribute to the development of school children's appropriate knowledge and attitude toward sexuality. Methods: This research followed the pre-test /post-test experimental and control group design. The selected school children of four classes at sixth grade in the H primary school in Gyeongi-do uijeongbu province had a pre-test about the knowledge and attitude toward sexuality. With the result of homogeneity data, three classes out of the four classes were chosen to be the subject of the post-test and these three groups took the "Sexual Education through Pictures." Results: After analyzing the data, average scores about the knowledge for class participants were higher than the non participants' (p =.000). Average scores about the knowledge of boys and girls who participated in class were higher than the non participants' (boys; p =.00, girls: p =.000). In addition, average scores about the attitude for class participants' were higher than the non participants' (p =.03), but there was not statistically significant among gender. Conclusion: From the results above, "Sexual Education through Pictures" proved to be a systematic and scientific method to develop a positive influence towards the knowledge and attitude of sexuality for primary school children of the sixth graders. These results show that the above teaching materials suggest an effective method to develop appropriate knowledge and attitude towards primary school children's sexual education.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.141-150
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• 2016

This study was done to identify sexual knowledge, sexual attitude, and parent efficacy among parents of preschool child. Participants were 70 couples, parents of preschool child. Data were analyzed using chi-square test, t-test, ANOVA. The difference in recognition and attitude about sexuality education for children among parents, person in charge of sexuality education for children(p=.043), parents' experience of sexuality education for their children(p=.043), the number of communication about sexuality with their children(p=.019), the source of information about sexuality(p=.024) showed significant difference. Sexual knowledge(p=.018) and sexual attitude(p=.006) showed meaningful difference. As a result of this study, it is necessary to develop and conduct differentiated education programs when teaching parents about sexuality education for their children in preschool period, considering these characteristics.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.9
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• pp.267-278
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• 2013

Purpose: The Purpose of this study was to identify the correlation of the Value on marriage, Children and Sexual attitude in college students. Method: Data were collected using a structured questionnaire that consisted of Value on marriage, Children and Sexual attitude from 2 colleges located in K-city. Final participants included 1,057 students. Results: Sexual attitude related to the value on marriage were differences in the family relationships first, to a celibate life, concerned about marriage, to get married at the age, should marry him, sex regardless, divorce can be even if child, Related to the child were necessity of children, to help economically, to fulfill the dream of parents, to put the house line, duty to society. Sexual attitude were inverse correlated to the religion, grade, valuable things as parents, necessity of children. Conclusion: Sexual attitude for college students significantly related value on marriage and children. In order to value on marriage and child according to the change on sexual attitude is recommended diverse healthy strategy in college students.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.396-414
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• 2000

This study was conducted to explore the knowledge of sex, attitude toward sex, sexual satisfaction, the differences of these variables according to the general characteristics, and the correlation of these variables in married women. The data were collected from March 25 to May 20, 2000 by using a mailed questionnaire. The number of subjects were 228 married women in the area of Seoul. Kyunggi-Do and Chungchung-Do. The questionnaire consisted of 67 items including item concerning general characteristics, knowledge of sex, attitude toward sex, and sexual satisfaction. The results were as follows : 1. The mean score and standard deviation of the knowledge of sex was $13.76\pm3.01$ with the range from 5 to 20. The mean score and standard deviation of the attitude toward sex was $57.28\pm9.65$ with the range from 31 to 85 score. The mean score and standard deviation of the sexual satisfaction was $33.15\pm6.54$ with the range from 17 to 48 score 2. The variables influencing on knowledge of sex were children number, women's education level. husband's education level. women's job, economic level. and menstruation status. 3. The variables influencing attitude toward the sex were women's age, husband's age, marriage term, children number, women's religion, economic level. menstruation status, and information acquirement about sex. 4. The variables influencing sexual satisfaction were women's age, husband's age, economic level. menstruation status, and information acquirement about sex. 5. Regarding relationship among the knowledge of sex, the attitude toward sex and the sexual satisfaction, those respondents who had more knowledge of sex had more open attitude toward sex and those respondents who had more open attitude toward sex had higher sexual satisfaction.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.251-265
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• 2017

Purpose: This study is an integrative review to analyze articles about sex education for school age children in Korean journals. This study explored the year, methods, major variables and key findings of previous studies. Methods: Five electronic databases and eleven journals of nursing in Korean language were searched to find studies done until 2017. 75 papers published from 1995 to 2017 were selected (43 were survey studies and 32 were intervention studies). Results: Among the intervention studies, there was no Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) study. Most intervention studies were conducted to change sexual knowledge and sexual attitudes. Among the survey studies, Q methodology and content analysis were used. The subjects' sexual knowledge and sexual consciousness were measured low in some studies. The sex education for school age children was composed of elementary school students' perception, understanding and needs related to sex. In addition, sex education was carried out to improve students' informational aspects such as sexual knowledge, prevention of sexual violence and secondary sexual character as well as emotional aspects such as sexual attitude. However, research on sexual consciousness, sexual values and sexual identity was insufficient. Conclusion: In order to develop an effective sex education program for school age children, it is necessary to consider the degree of their perception, understanding and needs and reflect both the social and cultural aspects as well as the informational and emotional aspects.