• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.39-58
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to identify the factors determining the participation of the poor elderly in economic activity. This study analyzed secondary data of the second wave of Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Binary logistic regression was used to identify the factors that are associated with the economic activity of the poor elderly. The results of the analyses showed that age, gender, region, public assistance, education, health status, chronic illness, contacts with acquaintances, and support from children were associated with participation in economic activity. The study's findings have several implications for policies and services. The study identified the need for an age- and gender-specific approach to promoting participation in economic activity among the poor elderly. Regional differences should also be considered in the creation of work opportunities for older adults. In terms of human capital, the positive effect of good health indicates that strategies are needed to address the needs of older adults with health issues. In addition, there is a need for more jobs for elderly job seekers with high levels of education. Finally, policy makers and practitioners should explore interventions for enhancing the social network involvement and community support for the elderly living in poverty.

• 가정∙방문간호학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.42-52
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• 2020

Purpose: This study aimed to find grounds for the development of a health promotion program by examining the risk factors affecting children in low-income families. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. The subjects were 288 children under 13 years of age in We-Start, W city. The tools used included a household information questionnaire and risk assessment tools. The data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, and multiple regressions. Results: Risk factors like disability problems (β=.38, p<.001), residential environment (β=.37, p<.001), parenting type (β=.27, p=.003), the foster's educational level (β=.22, p=.011), and the gender of the child (β=.19, p=.030) explained 51% (p<.001) of the preschoolers in crisis. For the schooler, academic achievement (β=.39, p<.001), disability problems (β=.24, p<.001), adaptation to school (β=.23, p<.001), noise from the environment (β=.20, p<.001), and the foster's job (β=-.15, p=.007) explained 50% (p<.001) of crisis of schooler. Conclusion: The study found that children (disability, gender), family (residential environment, type of parenting), and caregivers (educational level, economic competence) had a complex impact on crisis situations. In children of a school-going age, school life appeared to be an important influencing factor. Therefore, an integrated case management approach that considers children, carers, and the home environment is necessary.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.203-209
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• 1974

This study is intended to comparison of the recent ideal number of children and atrial approach for analyzing value system for children that form attitude affecting birth control with earlier study conducted 10 years ago. In general the traditional fertility pattern of Korea may be considered as 'early marriage and high fertility' backed by the confucian value system of a farming-oriented country. A selective attitude favoring sons contributes substantially to fertility. But Korea is now moving toward a late marriage and fertility pattern. This has been due to the repid introduction of western culture and a partial acceptance of western value systems, a relative weakening of traditional value systems, a gradual increase in infant and child servival rates thresh medicines, and a desire to avoid having too many children because of economic poverty. This study showed following results: Ideal number of sons and daughters in urban area was decreased by 0.2 respectively compared to earlier study. In rural area, the number of decrease of sons and daughters was 0.5 and 0.2 respectively. The conception concerning Happiness has changed to wealth from health in previous opinion. Regarding attitude toward having sons, 98 percent of them wanted to have sons positively, moreover 10 percent of them wanted two or more sons. Regarding reasons for the wanting sons, we see that economic and traditional considerations, such as dependance in old age, and inheritance of the family line, are a principle concern of about 56 percent in both areas. The rate of dependence in old age was decreased conspicuously compare to previous study while the rate of helding rituals was increased remarkably in rural area. Among reasons for limiting family size. 'for better living and for better education for their children were main rasons reted 46 percent in urban, 51 percent in rural areas. The rates were not changed compare to previous study. Regarding attitude of those who have no son or children, the rate of re-marriage with second wife was decreased remarkably in rural area and the rate of living without special behaivor for having son was increased compare to previous study.

• 한국노년학
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.563-578
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• 2009

서구복지국가의 공적연금제도는 현재 근로세대와 퇴직세대간의 자원이전을 통해 유지되어 왔다. 하지만 고령화가 진행됨에 따라 공적연금의 재정 부담이 가중되었고 노인복지지출에 대한 축소가 논쟁의 핵심으로 등장하였다. 이러한 논쟁은 미국에서 가장 활발하게 논의되었으며 '세대간 형평성' 이라는 담론으로 구성되어져 왔다. 본 연구에서는 문헌연구를 통해 세대간 형평성 논쟁이 제기된 배경을 분석하고, 이러한 논쟁이 미국에서 가장 활발하게 진행되었던 역사적·제도적 맥락을 규명하고자 하였다. 세대간 형평성의 문제를 제기하는 입장에서는 노인들을 위한 사회적 자원의 편중으로 인해 미국의 아동빈곤율은 과거에 비해 증가된 반면 노인지출은 지속적으로 증가하여 노인빈곤율은 상대적으로 감소하였다는 주장을 하고 있다. 이러한 주장에 대해 실증적 근거가 약하며 그러한 주장은 노인집단을 공격하기 위한 정치적 수사라는 반론도 제기되어 왔다. 다른 서구복지국가보다도 미국에서 세대간 형평성 담론이 활발하게 정치적 논쟁으로 전개되었던 원인은 바로 미국의 다원주의적 정치문화와 선별적 복지프로그램의 특성 때문이라고 할 수 있다. 이 연구를 통해 세대간 형평성 논의의 정치경제학적 의미는 바로 그 사회의 정치문화와 복지제도의 특성과 관련되어 있음을 확인할 수 있었으며 보편적 복지제도가 정착되지 못한 우리 사회에서도 향후 이러한 논쟁이 정치적 이슈로 등장할 수 있는 가능성이 높다는 점에서 함의를 가지고 있다.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.97-106
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of the Seesaw & Swing early intervention program on the positive changes of mothers with young children who come from low-income families. It measures their child-rearing efficacy and their child-rearing behaviors. The Seesaw & Swing early intervention program was developed by the Community Chest of Korea [13]. The subjects for this study consisted of 96 mothers (49 in the service group, 47 in the control group) from low-income families. The instruments used were the child-rearing efficacy scale [4] and the child-rearing behavior scale [29]. The results of this study indicated that the Seesaw & Swing early intervention program produced positive effects in child-rearing efficacy as well as in child-rearing behaviors: namely, healthy-rearing abilities, guidance abilities, and discipline abilities in child-rearing efficacy; and affection, rational guidance, authoritative control, encouragement and concern in child-rearing behaviors. In conclusion, for mothers with young children coming from low-income families, the Seesaw & Swing early intervention program can be said to be an effective parent education program, which goes some way towards ending the intergenerational transition of poverty in Korea.

• The International Journal of Costume Culture
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.52-70
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• 2009

Department store has actively expanded cultural center services by providing a series of educational courses in order to increase customer visits, enhance customer satisfaction, and ultimately increase sales. In this study, cultural center members' shopping behaviors and image building of the department store were explored through focus group interviews. Results generated from a total of 7 focus group interviews with female cultural center members in their 30's through 60's are as follows. First, the consumer group who attends courses for their own purpose is 45 to 55 year-old female customers who are actively involved in consumption at the department store for their own clothing, food and restaurant. They are not often engaged in impulsive either group shopping for clothing. They are satisfied with class quality compared to low tuition whereas dissatisfied with busy schedule of a lecture room and lack of special discount benefits for members. Second, the other consumer group who attends courses for their children is consumers in their 30's. They are charged in shopping for clothing for their husbands, children, and themselves. They are suffering time poverty due to nurturing their children, therefore, they want to shop more in the department store on the day of class. However, expensive kids-care facilities are barriers to do it. Convenience, familiarity and center of culture are important images of the department store, developed through frequent visits of these customers. Eight implications for marketing strategies were generated based on study results.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제42권7호
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• pp.1039-1049
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• 2012

Purpose: From the holistic environmental perspective, individual and environmental influences on low-income children's questionable development were identified and examined as to differences in the influences according to the child's developmental stage of infancy (age 0-35 months) or early childhood (age 36-71 months). Methods: This study was a cross-sectional comparative design using negative binominal regression analysis to identify predictors of questionable development separately for each developmental stage. The sample was comprised of 952 children (357 in infancy and 495 in early childhood) from low-income families in South Korea. Predictors included individual factors: child's age and gender; proximal environmental influences: family factors (family health conditions, primary caregiver, child-caregiver relationship, depression in primary caregiver) and institution factors (daycare enrollment, days per week in daycare); and distal environmental influences: income/resources factors (family income, personal resources and social resources); and community factors (perceived child-rearing environment). The outcome variable was questionable development. Results: Significant contributors to questionable development in the infancy group were age, family health conditions, and personal resources; in the early childhood group, significant contributors were gender, family health conditions, grandparent as a primary caregiver, child-caregiver relationships, daycare enrollment, and personal resources. Conclusion: Factors influencing children's questionable development may vary by developmental stage. It is important to consider differences in individual and environmental influences when developing targeted interventions to ensure that children attain their optimal developmental goals at each developmental stage. Understanding this may lead nursing professionals to design more effective preventive interventions for low-income children.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제54권
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• pp.295-319
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• 2003

본 연구는 저소득 모자가구주의 대부분이 일을 하고 있음에도 불구하고 경제적으로 여전히 어려운 노동빈민(working poor)으로서의 위치에서 벗어나지 못하고 있다는 문제의식 속에서 비롯되었으며, 저소득모자가구의 생활실태를 최근 사회과학 내에서 논의되고 있는 사회적 배제 개념을 이용하여 분석하고 이의 극복방안으로서 사회적 통합과 연대모색을 제안하였다. 구체적으로 본 연구는 남성가장을 중심으로 한 일반가구, 일반 모자가구, 사회적 빈곤선 이하에 놓인 저소득모자가구를 대상으로 각 가구유형별 특성과 생활실태를 비교분석하고 이를 통해 전반적인 모자가구의 사회적 배제과정을 살펴보았다. 본 연구는 2000년 지역사회복지협의회의 "사회복지욕구조사" 원자료를 이차분석(secondary analysis) 하였으며 총 3,182가구가 최종적으로 분석에 포함되었다. 연구결과에 의하면 전반적으로 모자가구는 일반모자가구, 저소득모자가구에 상관없이 고용형태, 주거형태, 소득, 소비생활 측면에서 일반(남성가장)가구에 비해 어려움을 겪고 있었다. 일반가구에 비해 모자가구는 가족으로부터 자원을 제공받기보다는 오히려 장애, 만성질환 등의 가족원을 보호해야 하는 상당한 부담을 안고 있었으며, 사회적 안전망에서도 모자가구는 전반적으로 제외되어 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이것은 모자가구가 일반가구에 비하여 전반적으로 사회적으로 취약해지거나 고립될 가능성이 매우 높은 현실을 반영하며, 현재 공식적으로 빈곤층, 혹은 저소득층으로 분류되지는 않았지만 일반모자가구도 포괄적인 사회적 안전 망이 확립되지 않는다면 향후 저소득층으로 배제될 가능성이 매우 높다는 사실을 확인시켰다. 마지막으로 연구결과에 기초하여, 전체 모자가족의 사회적 배제를 극복할 수 있는 사회적 통합방안이 모색되었다.

• 사회복지연구
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.93-124
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• 2018

본 연구는 만19세 이상 34세 이하 청년의 현황을 살펴보고 청년의 빈곤 및 고용실태에 미치는 요인을 2012~2016년도 가계금융 복지조사를 이용하여 분석한다. 분석 결과 학생이거나 무직인 청년의 비율은 증가 추세를 보였고, 청년 집단의 경제적 상황은 혼인상태, 학력, 종사상지위, 대출 등에 따라 상이하였으며, 소득보장정책의 청년층 빈곤율 감소효과는 미미한 것으로 나타났다. 청년의 고용실태를 살펴보기 위해 종사상지위 및 저임금고용에 영향을 미치는 요인을 분석하였다. 종사상지위에 대한 다항로짓분석 결과, 연령이나 교육연수가 높을수록 상용직 대비 임시 일용직에 종사할 확률이 낮아졌으나 이에 대한 여성과 남성 간의 차이는 확인되지 않았다. 청년 및 비청년 연령그룹을 대상으로 저임금고용 결정요인을 로짓분석한 결과, 여성일수록, 교육연수가 낮을수록, 가구주의 배우자나 자녀일수록, 임시 일용직 종사자일수록 저임금고용에 종사할 확률이 높았다. 특히 여성의 경우 연령층이 증가함에 따라 저임금고용에 처할 위험도 증가하고 있어 저임금고용의 고착화현상이 관찰되었다. 모든 연령집단에서 임시 일용직 종사자는 상용직에 비해 저임금고용에 처할 위험이 높았지만, 이는 젊은 연령층에서 더욱 크게 나타났다. 본 연구에서는 청년의 빈곤과 불안정고용의 문제를 포괄적으로 해결하기 위해서는 청년의 개인적 특성과 청년의 생애주기를 고려한 고용 및 사회보장정책을 기초로 양질의 일자리 공급이 지속적이고 안정적으로 이뤄져야 함을 제안하였다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.26-34
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• 2008

This cross-sectional study assessed household food insecurity among low-income rural communities and examined its association with demographic and socioeconomic factors as well as coping strategies to minimize food insecurity. Demographic, socioeconomic, expenditure and coping strategy data were collected from 200 women of poor households in a rural community in Malaysia. Households were categorized as either food secure (n=84) or food insecure (n=116) using the Radimer/Cornell Hunger and Food Insecurity instrument. T-test, Chi-square and logistic regression were utilized for comparison of factors between food secure and food insecure households and determination of factors associated with household food insecurity, respectively. More of the food insecure households were living below the poverty line, had a larger household size, more children and school-going children and mothers as housewives. As food insecure households had more school-going children, reducing expenditures on the children's education is an important strategy to reduce household expenditures. Borrowing money to buy foods, receiving foods from family members, relatives and neighbors and reducing the number of meals seemed to cushion the food insecure households from experiencing food insufficiency. Most of the food insecure households adopted the strategy on cooking whatever is available at home for their meals. The logistic regression model indicates that food insecure households were likely to have more children (OR=1.71; p<0.05) and non-working mothers (OR=6.15; p<0.05), did not own any land (OR=3.18; p<0.05) and adopted the strategy of food preparation based on whatever is available at their homes (OR=4.33; p<0.05). However, mothers who reported to borrow money to purchase food (OR=O.84; p<0.05) and households with higher incomes of fathers (OR=O.99; p<0.05) were more likely to be food secure. Understanding the factors that contribute to household food insecurity is imperative so that effective strategies could be developed and implemented.