• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.163-171
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• 2013

The aggregate risk assessment on xylene and ethylbenzene was carried out according to the guidance established newly in 2010 with the purpose of providing information for risk management. In human exposure assessment, the results indicated that lower ages were exposed more and that, in the interior space at home, the highest level of human exposure occurred via inhalation. At outdoor spaces, exposures via inhalation and drinking were less than 1%. In human health risk characterization, xylene showed HI(Hazard Index) < 1 in all ages. When reasonable maximum exposure(RME) was applied, HI for young children was 0.64. The HI of ethylbenzene was also below 1(0.02~0.04) in all ages, indicating no potential risk. From this study, it is considered that xylene need to be continous monitoring with interest because this substance may be more sensitive on young age group. In additon, to reduce the uncertainty of the risk assessment, the korean exposure factors on young age group such as infant, children had to be established as soon as possible.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.1-11
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• 2009

Dong Tribe is a populous nationality with brilliant civilization, they created their unique culture of costumes and accessories throughout the long river of history. And the children's costumes could be the florid feature of the splendid fashion of Dong Tribe because they reflect the sentimental tastes and consciousness of the nation. The children's costumes of Dong Tribe are classified as infants' garments and children's garibaldis by different ages, the garments are much more in kinds, fresher in colors and much complicated in shapes while comparing with the adults' garments. Furthermore, the children's hats, bibs and baby carriers are also the outstanding features in children's costumes of Dong Tribe.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.633-647
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• 2013

This study considered whether intergenerational ambivalence has implications for elderly's psychological well-being so as to improve relationship between adults children and their parents and the qualities of the elderly lives. Subjects were 346 elderly parents whose ages 60 over. The statistics used for data analysis were reliability, frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, one way ANOVA and multiple regression. The results of this study were as follows; 1)The degrees of elderly's ambivalence of their adult children were 10.07, the data showed lower than median. 2)The elderly's ambivalence level significantly according to spouse, career, religion, relation of the adults children, and ambivalence level were associated with importance of the adults children, education. 3)The variables that affect the elderly's ambivalence level were spouse, importance of the adults children, education, religion, relation of the adults children, career, which explained about 19% of the total variance.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.422-429
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• 2007

Measurement of lung function is an integral component of respiratory physiology and of clinical assessment of lung diseases in school age children and adults. Pulmonary function test of infants and children under the age of 2 years have now been standardised and are being used both in research and as an adjunct to clinical management. By contrast, until recegntly, children of preschool age, i.e. between 2-6 years represented a major challenge for pulmonary function test assessment, this particular period commonly being referred to as the 'dark ages' of Pediatric Pulmonology. Measurement of lung function in preschool-aged children is now feasible. However, much work remains to be done in standardizing how these tests are performed, and in understanding the most appropriate role for the various tests in the study of growth and development of the respiratory system and in the clinical management of children in this age group. As the field develops and the knowledge of respiratory physiology in this age group expands, investigation of different and more appropriate algorithm use in preschool children, together with development of more appropriate reference data, may result in improved disease discrimination.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.35-46
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• 2006

This study investigated whether there are differences between Korean-English bilingual and Korean monolingual children on phonological awareness skills. Participants were 11 Korean-English bilingual children and 12 Korean monolingual children. The children's ages ranged between 6 and 7 years. The results were as follows. First, the bilingual children significantly outperformed monolingual children on overall phonological awareness tasks. The bilinguals performed significantly higher than monolinguals on all three types of phonological awareness tasks (segmentation, deletion, and blending). Second, there was a significant difference between the groups with respect to phonological units of the tasks. The bilinguals performed significantly better than monolinguals on the phonemic unit tasks, but two groups did not differ significantly on syllabic unit tasks. There was an interaction effect between unit size(syllables and phonemes) and group (bilinguals and monolinguals). Third, there were correlations for both bilingual and monolingual children between overall phonological awareness skills and word recognition skills.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.148-153
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• 2005

Currently, there is no library only for children in Korea, but as people realized that reading education was important, public libraries have started making space for children. However, most of spaces in public library were designed regardless of physical development and behavior. Therefore it was even worse for children to use library. Planning must be concerned about indoor surroundings that satisfy children's psychological desire and characteristic. Consequently, this study is going to have a thorough grasp of the problems of children library, and present organized information which fits their reading environment and human technology.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.281-288
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• 1987

In this study we have evaluated daily beverage intake of the inhabitants in Seoul by a 24 hrs. recall procedure from 1145 respondents between pre-school children to adults in the period of June-July 1985. Estimates of consumption were made for each of seven beverage groups and comparisons were made within age, sex and body weight. Significant differences existed for certain beverage in each category analyzed. Total Fluid intake was greater for male than female at all ages and tended to be lower in the older age group with adjustment for differences in body weight. Milk was the major beverage among children while soft drinks were the predominant beverage for teen-ages. Alcoholic drinks represented the smallest component of daily fluid intake among women but were the second largest component of daily fluid levels for men over the age of 24 years.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.24 no.2 s.80
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• pp.43-60
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• 2006

Using interviewing methods, this study was able to identify how fathering impacted the development of adult fathers between the ages of 28 and 45 through 1 to 2 hours. The subjects were 46 middle-class adult men's from the ages of 28 and 45. Twenty of the subjects had infants under the age of 36 months, thirteen had preschool children, 37 months to preschool, and the remaining fathers had primary school aged children. Results are as follows: First, fathering experiences impacted the development of self-identify, sense of intimacy, and sense of generativity during adulthood. Second, fathering experiences impacted the men's establishment of 'becoming-themselves.' Last, fathering experiences impacted the development of men's maturity.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.205-216
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• 2005

This study investigated aspects of caregiver's input relating to the early development of nouns and verbs. Subjects were 34 Korean-Chinese children in Yanji, China. At 1 year of age each child's spontaneous speech during interaction with his/her caregiver was videotaped for about 30 minutes. The children's spontaneous utterances were transcribed and coded on the lexical level(nouns and verbs) and the pragmatic level. Children's speech was recorded, transcribed and coded again at 2 years of age. Results showed that children used more verbs when they were older; there were no differences between the two ages in mother's pragmatic utterances but when they were two-years-old children used more actionoriented utterances and object-described utterances. Mother's input was related to children's pragmatic utterances.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.247-251
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• 2013

Children from low income families are vulnerable to physical problems including obesity, asthma, hypertension and psychological problems including depression, anxiety. This study was done to identify trends in welfare policy for children from low-income families and future direction for solving health disparity problems. Dream Start is a government-sponsored project that offers services for vulnerable children, ages 0 (include pregnant woman) to 12 years and their families. The Korean Government has made an effort to alleviate health disparity through the 'Health Plan' by establishing health objectives. However, in spite of these efforts by the Korean government, health disparity has worsened in Korea. In order to strengthen family function as well as promote growth and development for vulnerable children, experts in child care need to be significantly involved in identifying neglected children in the community.