• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.129-144
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to focus on the effects of a mother's characteristics and self-awareness as they impact upon parenting stress, with the additional aim of creating an appropriate structural equation model. The subjects of the study comprised 2078 newborn children (and their mothers) taken from the $1^{st}$ year of the Korea Children's Panel. The results of the research are as follows. The mother's feeling of pregnancy, her income activity, religion, and educational level impacted significantly upon self-awareness, whereas employment status did not. In addition, the feeling of pregnancy and income activity had a effect on parenting stress both directly and indirectly. Educational level and religion impacted on parenting stress indirectly through self-awareness. Both employment status and self-awareness were found to have impacted on parenting stress directly. The implication of these findings are also discussed.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.223-248
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• 2006

The bibliotherapy program was carried out in the 'S' elementary school in Kyonggi province. Korea for the fourth grader children in order to measure the grade of stresses which they experience and coping styles. and to find what kind of changes in terms of the grade of stress and coping styles over stress through the bibliotherapy program. Especially, it was going to understand elementary school children's stresses and coping styles, and verify effects of the bibliotherapy program as a device of helping amicable adoption for the various stress which they experience, and they come to experience.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.475-484
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• 2017

Objectives: The study was conducted to investigate the relationship between several stress measures in everyday life, emotional eating behavior, and dietary pattern (snacks, fatty foods, sweet beverages, fruits and vegetables) in school-aged children. Methods: One hundred and ninety-four students of an elementary school located in Seongnam City participated in the study. The students responded to the survey questionnaire by self-report, which consisted of items regarding general characteristics, height, weight, dietary habits, frequency of consuming healthy (fruits and vegetables) and unhealthy foods (snacks, fatty foods, and sweet beverages), emotional eating behavior, and daily stress. Correlational analysis was performed to examine the relationship between stress, emotional eating behavior, and dietary pattern, and Poisson and logistic regression analyses were conducted to investigate the effects of stress on dietary pattern. Results: Positive correlations were found between all stress factors and emotional eating behavior and between the friend and personal factor (one of the stress factors) and the consumption of sweet beverages. The frequency of consuming sweet beverages was 2.6 times higher in the high stress group than in the low stress group (95% CI). Conclusions: Children's daily stress was associated with emotional eating behavior and undesirable dietary pattern such as consumption of sweet beverages.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.27-35
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• 2003

The present study, focusing on the stress-shift constructions, examines the tendency of young children to give wrong wide scope interpretation in language acquisition and questions the validity of the guess pattern hypothesis argued by Grodzinsky & Reinhart (1993). According to the hypothesis, children know that they have to construct a reference-set, keep two representations in working memory, and check whether the interpretation needed in the given context justifies selection of competing reference sets, but their working memory is not big enough to hold the materials needed to complete the execution of this task. Hence they give up and resort to a guess. 1 carried out an experiment of 16 Korean children aged 3;9 to 6;2 to find out whether children have more difficulty in the interpretation of stress-shift constructions than of constructions with a nuclear stress, and therefore perform the interpretation of the former by guessing. Assuming that the tendency is caused by a deficiency in contextual computation rather than reference set computation, I try to explain it in terms of pragmatic considerations.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.33-47
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to survey the stressor, frequency of the stressor, level of the stress perceived by children in Korea. The subject were 417 children of 80 second graders, 117 third graders, 111 fourth graders and 109 fifth graders selected from three elementary schools in Pusan(214 male and 203 female). A questionnaire consisting of 70-item stress scale for children and demographic questions was used for mother. Statistics used for data analysis were frequency, ANOVA, and t-test. The major finding of this study were as follows: 1. Events receiving the highest ratings for magnitude of badness were mainly family related (parents separating; gradd parents getting sick/dying; parents getting sick). 2. Events receiving the highest ratings for frequency of occurrence were test, fighting with siblings, being picked on by other kids, staying home alone. 3. There appear signigcant differences for children's perception of stress due to the grade and the socioeconomic status.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.149-158
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the factors influencing mental health among late elementary age children. Methods: The research design was a secondary data analysis. Data were collected from 746 students in grades 5 or 6, and analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients and stepwise multiple regression with the SPSS/PC 18.0 program. Results: The average score of mental health was $3.42{\pm}0.55$. There were significant differences in mental health according to health status, economic status, scholastic performance, relationships with friends, relationships with the teachers, atmosphere of the home, number of siblings and the source of trouble. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed influencing factors of stress, negative reaction under stress, self-esteem, teacher support, and friend support support and explained 41.4% of total variance in late elementary age children's mental health. Conclusion: These results may contribute to a better understanding of mental health in late elementary age children. The results of the present study indicate a need to develop nursing interventions to prevent and manage elementary school-age children's negative reaction under stress.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.13-31
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was on the structural analysis of the covariant amount in order to evaluate the suitability of the structural models which can explain and predict the mental health of children on the basis of Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory. Methods: A questionnaire was used to survey 269 children from dysfunctional families out of 5th and 6th grade students from 30 elementary schools in one city and 6 counties, which was analyzed by using PASW Statistics 18.0 and LISREL 8.7 programs. Results: The variable which had influence on the self-esteem was the social support. The variable which had influence on the positive reaction under stress was the stress. The variables which had influence on the negative reaction under stress were stress, and self esteem. The variables which had influence on the mental health were the self-esteem and the negative reaction under stress. The main variables to influence the mental health of children from dysfunctional families turned out to be the self-esteem and the negative reaction under stress to the mental health. Conclusion: Evaluating the suitability of the models, I presented the bases on the practical nursing business. They showed the right directions to the mental health care of children from dysfunctional families.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.195-207
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was conducted to describe the relationship of parents' stress, coping, and partnership between nurse and parents whose children were hospitalized in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit. Methods: A descriptive correlation study design was used. The participants were 81 parents whose children were hospitalized at S-hospital located in Seoul from October 18 to November 27, 2012. This study used the 'Parental Stress Scale: Pediatric Intensive Care Unit,' the coping scale, and 'Pediatric Nurse Parents Partnership Scale, PNPPS'. The data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA and pearson correlation. Results: The parents of children hospitalized in pediatric intensive care unit were experiencing high level of stress ($3.22{\pm}0.82$). There was a significant positive correlation between parents' coping and nurse parents partnership (p<.001), however there was no relationship between parents' stress and coping, and parents' stress and nurse parents partnership. Conclusion: Nurse-parents partnership had significant relationship with parents' coping In the care of children hospitalized in pediatric intensive care unit. The results of this study provided a foundation to recognize importance of nurse parents partnership and to develop intervention program for nurses and parents to improve their partnership.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.127-134
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• 2009

Purpose: This study examines parenting stress, depression, and Yangsaeng in mothers with cerebral palsy children, providing information that may be helpful in the development of a health intervention program that may improve the lives of the mothers. Methods: The subjects of this study were 124 mothers with cerebral palsy children; the subjects were selected by convenience sampling. The collected data were processed by using the SPSS program and analyzed by using descriptive statistics and Pearson's correlation. Results: Parenting stress in mothers with cerebral palsy children was $91.84\pm20.75$, depression was $20.54\pm11.30$, and Yangsaeng was $92.77\pm15.79$ There was a positive relationship between parenting stress and depression. Parenting stress and depression were negatively related with Yangsaeng. Conclusions: The results suggest that Yangsaeng as an oriental health care regimen can lower the level of parenting stress and depression. In this regard, to promote a healthier life for mothers with cerebral palsy children, it would be beneficial to develop a nursing intervention program that incorporates the use of Yangsaeng.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.51-66
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to develop a model for preschool children's self regulation by examining the effects of maternal parenting variables on preschool children's self regulation. The subjects were 1219 mothers of 4- to 6-year-old preschool children attending kindergarten or child care centers located in Seoul and Kyunggi Province, Korea. For data analysis, exploratory factor analysis(EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis(CFA) were applied to the survey data in the first phase and structural equation modeling(SEM) analysis in the second phase. The major results of this study were as follows: maternal parenting stress and maternal behavior were the most direct influential variables on preschool children's self-regulation. Moreover, maternal parenting efficacy was indirectly mediated through maternal behavior.