• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.699-708
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• 2022

Purpose: Adequate nutrition is to be provided for normal growth and development during early childhood. Currently, childcare teachers provide lunch to most children in Korea. The purpose of this study was to investigate the portion size provided by teachers and examine the effect of education on food serving size. Methods: The subjects were childcare teachers (n = 120) in charge of children aged 3-5 years at a daycare center in Hanam-si. The survey was conducted through questionnaires which included questions on the general characteristics of the teachers, their nutritional education status, and the source of nutrition information. In addition, the portion sizes of items on the menu currently provided to children were measured and the data were analyzed. To assess the effectiveness of education in determining serving size, the subjects were randomly equally divided into two groups. In the first group (n = 60) theoretical education on nutrition and serving sizes was given, whereas in the second (n = 60), practical education on these topics was provided. Results: The difference between the actual portion size of rice and the serving size announced on the menu was observed to decrease along with the increase in the experience of the teacher, although the differences in the main dish and kimchi were higher. The gap between the serving size mentioned in the menu and the portion size distributed widened as the age of the teachers increased. Notably, the difference between the portion size and the serving size of food decreased after both practical and theoretical education. Furthermore, the effect of education on the serving size of the main dishes (p < 0.001), side dishes (p < 0.01), and kimchi (p < 0.01) was observed to be greater in the practical education group than in the theoretical education group. Conclusion: Regular education should be provided to teachers on the serving sizes mentioned in the menu, as the quantity of food served depends on the experience and age of teachers. In the case of rice, theoretical education alone sufficed to ensure a proper serving size. However, hands-on training on the main and side dishes, and kimchi would be much more helpful.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.323-328
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• 2010

Purpose : To verify the effect of hyperglycemia on mortality rates in critically ill children and to identify the blood glucose level that influences prognosis. Methods : From July 2006 to June 2008, a total of 206 patients who were admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) at Asan Medical Center and who survived for more than 7 days were retrospectively reviewed. We analyzed the maximum glucose value within 7 days in PICU, PRISM-III score and SOFA score within 24 hours, and mortality. We did not perform an adjustment analysis of drugs affecting glucose level. Results : The maximum glucose level within 7 days in PICU was higher in the nonsurvival group than in the survival group. Using 4 cutoff values (125, 150, 175, and 200 mg/dL), the mortality of patients with hyperglycemia was found to be 13.0 %, 14.4%, 19.8%, and 21.1%, respectively, and the cutoff values of 175 and 200 mg/dL revealed significant differences in mortalities between the hyperglycemic and normoglycemic groups. The PRISM-III score was not significantly different between the hyperglycemic and normoglycemic groups under a glucose cutoff value of 175 mg/dL, but the SOFA score was higher in the hyperglycemic group. Under a glucose cutoff value of 200 mg/dL, the PRISM-III score was higher in the hyperglycemic group, and the SOFA score did not differ between the 2 groups. Conclusion : Hyperglycemia with a maximal glucose value ${\geq}175\;mg/dL$ during the first 7 days after PICU admission was associated with increased mortality in critically ill children.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.3-17
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• 1995

The so-called borderline children are characterised by disturbances in the sense of reality and interpersonal relationships, lack of control, fluctuation of functioning, uneven development and excessive anxiety. But the concept of borderline disorder of childhood is very difficult to define and diagnose in current classification system. The present study adapted the consensus symptoms in borderline children by Bemporad and Vera eight cases aged 7-11 were examined in 37 variables. Results are as follows 1) All subjects are boys and girl hardly be diagnosis n current diagnostic system and have many concurrent diagnoses. Common chief complaints in the sense of reality. 2) In KEDI-WISC test, the borderline children showed average intelligence, but performance IQ tends to be higher than verbal IQ. In Rorscharch test, they showed high thought disorder index, emotional instabilities and aggressive impulses. The results of TOVA suggested attentional deficit in half of the subjects. The organicity is not prominent. 3) Many of the borderline children were unwanted baby. Although primary care takers of all the subjects were their mothers there were moderate problems in caring attitude of their children and marital relationship with their husband. Sccioeconomic status was generally below middle class. Most of all subjects have delayed language development, but have overcome subsequently. Many subjects were rejected by peers because of their aggression. 4) The first visit of the subjects was about 6 years of age. Average duration of treatment was 2 years. All of them were treated in the outpatient basis except one. The effect of pharmacotherapy was doubtful and the necessity of long term play therapy was suggested. Although there were many limitations of method in present study, it was suggested that further research is needed for diagnostic criteria, epidemiology and treatment.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.85-94
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• 2017

This study researched the meaning of the outdoor play spaces used by young children, as perceived by them and their teachers. For this purpose, indirect observation, nonformal interviews during the activity of young children and in-depth interviews with teachers were conducted in 3 kindergartens and 1 day care center which operate various programs. As a result, outdoor play spaces were recognized as a psychological space, expanded space and sequential space for the relationships of young children. Meanwhile, early childhood teachers perceived them as a functional space, expanded space and restricted space of the children's daily lives. It was recognized that outdoor play spaces provided the children with good and unstructured environments to reorganize their own daily pattern through expanded play and the chance to naturally form peer relationships. This suggests that the space configuration which is most suitable for child centered development is one that is formed within and by their daily lives, rather than the standardized configuration of outdoor play spaces.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.11 no.sup1
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• pp.102-108
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• 2008

More children today are overweight or obese than ever before. childhood obesity results from an imbalance between the amount of energy consumed and the amount of energy expended. Whether child want to lose weight or maintain a healthy weight, it's important to balance between the calories body takes in and uses. Obesity treatment programs for children and adolescents is to slow or halt weight gain so the child will grow into his or her body weight over a period of months to years. Fasting or extreme caloric restriction is not advisable for children. More physical activity is a key element in the prevention and treatment of obesity. Children can't change their exercise and eating habits by themselves. They need the help and support of their families and parents. Children and adolescents who are just beginning to be physically active should start out slowly and gradually build to higher levels in order to prevent the risk of injury or feel defeated from unrealistic goals. It is important that children and adolescents are encouraged to be physically active by doing things that interest them. FUN physical activities that kids choose to do on their own are often best. Kids need about 60 minutes of physical activity a day, but this does not have to happen all at once. Several short 10- or even 5-minute periods of activity throughout the day are just as good. FUN physical activities will help them establish an active lifestyle early on. Obese people need care not for a short period, but throughout their lives.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.2
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• pp.83-110
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to identify the sleep/activity patterns of neonates and to provide a baseline data for the development effective mother-infant relationship. Subjects of this study were 36 newborns aged 1-21 days and stayed in Postpartum Care Center in Taejon during the period of October 28th, 1999 to February 10th, 2000. The data were collected using NCASA developed by Barnard et al. and were analyzed with SPSS 7.5 for window program. The results of this study were as follows: 1. An average day sleep of neonates was 8.0 hours, night sleep was 3.6 hours, and total sleep was 11.6 hours. A longest period of day sleep was 3.8 hours and a longest period of night sleep was 3.4 hours. The regularity of day sleep was 22.1%, night sleep was 23.3%, and total was 22.1%. 2. The frequency of daytime feeding was 6.9, nighttime fee ding was 3.4, resulting in total of 10.3. The regularity of feeding was 37.4%, and the frequency of night awakening was 2.4. 3. Associations among variables related to neonate's sleep/activity records were as follows : - The regularity of total sleep was positively correlated with the frequencies of day sleep(r=.57, P=.00), night sleep (r=.40, P=.01), and total sleep(r=.65, P=.00). - The frequency of total feeding was negatively correlated with the frequencies of day sleep(r=-.29, P=.04), night sleep(r=-.39, P=.02), and total sleep(r=-.42, P=.00), as well as longest day sleep(r=-.50, P=.00). - The regularity of feeding was negatively correlated with the frequency of night sleep(r=-.35, P=.02), longest period of day sleep(r=-.32, P=.04), and longest period of night sleep(r=-.30. P=.04), whereas positively correlated with frequencies of daytime feeding (r=.29, P=.02) and nighttime feeding (r=.32, P=.05). - The frequency of night awakening was negatively correlated with amount of night sleep(r=-.39, P=.02) and frequency of daytime feeding(r=-.42, P=.01) while positively correlated with frequencies of nighttime feeding(r=.68, P=.00) and total feeding(r=.50, P=.00). 4. Although there was no statistical significant difference between sleep pattern and infant's age, following tendency was noted: - As baby gets older, total amount of sleep and longest period of day sleep decreased while longest period of night sleep increased. - As baby gets older, the regularity of day sleep decreased while the regularity of night sleep and total sleep slightly increased. - The frequencies of daytime and total feedings increased while the frequency of nighttime feeding decreased. In conclusion, the author found that the neonates of this study showed less amount of sleep, more night awakening, and more night time feedings than NCAST sample. There was a certain sleep/activity pattern existed: If babies were fed more frequently, daytime or nighttime sleeping hours became shorter, and if babies had longer daytime sleep, frequent nighttime awakenings were noted. This pattern illustrated the significant influence of feeding and sleep periods on each other. Awakening in the night is natural and normal patterns in the newborn period. The result of this study will provide information to parents about what to expect their infants.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.12
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• pp.1881-1894
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• 2015

The objective of this study was to provide information on difficulty of performing tasks, degree of task satisfaction, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and turnover intention as well as investigate correlations among these factors. Data were collected on employees working at Centers for Children's Foodservice Management, which had been operating for over 6 months until December 2013. The recruitment period was from December 16, 2013 to January 30, 2014. A total of 228 employees (79.7%) participated in the study, and 227 completed questionnaires were analyzed. Statistical analyses were performed on the data utilizing the SPSS V20.0 and AMOS V21.0 programs. The main results of this study were as follows: task satisfaction of employees in charge of 'visiting-teaching' for children was highest (4.24 points), whereas that of employees in charge of financial management was lowest (2.92 points). In terms of evaluation of job satisfaction factors, the score of 'co-worker' was highest (3.99 points) while that of 'payment' was lowest (2.45 points). Average scores of general job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and turnover intention were 3.56 points, 3.54 points, and 3.07 points, respectively. Job achievement was the most significant influencing factor on general job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and turnover intention. According to the path analysis results, the degree of task satisfaction affected job satisfaction. Organizational commitment had a more significant effect on turnover intention than job satisfaction and mediate both job satisfaction and turnover intention. Although employees of CCFSMs endeavor to improve the quality of child-care facility foodservice, some facilities do not. Controlling turnover intention of employees is especially critical for CCFSMs since it is important for each employees to form strong bonds with child-care facilities as well as to shorten the time required to train new employees. Thus, job satisfaction, which is related to organizational commitment and turnover intention, can be improved by considering poorly scored job satisfaction factors such as wage or workload.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.55-65
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• 2015

Purpose: Korea is increasing in the demand for medical services due to rapid economic growth and population aging in modern society. Thus, the importance has been emphasized for the health promotion in the community and the publicity and substantiality of public health centers. However, the environment is insufficient, compared to required functions and developed services as a urban public health center. The purpose of this study is to analysis the plane type and area composition of public health centers in Busan and to identify the property of their spatial configuration Methods: Eight public health centers in Busan, were classified, which had been selected as a medical tourism city. Subsequently, space requirements were analyzed, facilities were typed, vertical, horizontal spaces were reviewed, and area ratios by business function were calculated. Results: A review of the property of spatial configuration and an analysis of the area ratio revealed the three findings. 1)The horizontal analysis found various types: a single type, a multi-type, a radial type, and a circular type, 2)The vertical analysis showed that since a care function (general practice), and a task function (maternal and child health) were concentrated in lower level spaces, the lobby and core were closed located for providing quick medical services. 3)The analysis of the area ratio in public health centers in terms of their function indicated that each public health center' programs had the greatest influence on the area. Implications: This study attempted to present spatial structural problems and improvements for city public health center by identifying their state and classify their functions and types and by calculating the ratio of their area configuration according to the spatial composition. It was thus aimed to presenting implications in establish public functions and roles by activating business through in connection with the number of municipalities in many ways, such as regional health. medical welfare, etc. to improve the health of local residents, and by providing differentiated programs in accordance with local characteristics.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.95-116
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to explore the role of Home Economics Education for low fertility Aged Society. Hence home economics educational contents for low fertility Aged Society was estsblished extracting the contents from both Revised 2007 Home Economics Curriculum and government. policy for low fertility Aged Society. Also home economics educational contents for low fertility Aged Society("Home Economics Class for both parents and Children") implemented in Healthy Family Support Center. The main results of the study are as follows. Firstly, Home Economics Education for low fertility Aged Society should be emphasized with the contents such as marriage of one's choice, family life reinforcement, healthy family culture and neighborhood living together. Secondly, the goal of home economics education is very similar to the action plans of Saeromaji Project 2010 which are 'social responsibility reinforcement for marriage, birth and child rearing', 'balancing family and work', 'family-friendly culture' and 'security for the aged with health and care'. It has also much in common with the project plans by Seoul Metropolitan Office of Education 'family-friendly culture and filial duty education reinforcement', 'school education reinforcement regarding Low Fertility-Aged Society' and 'values education reinforcement for gender equality society'. Thirdly, "Home Economics Class for both parents and Children" applied in Healthy Family Support Center in Jung-gu, Seoul. This ensures home economic education can play a leading role in the social education filed.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.299-321
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate how marriage migration females understand and adjust to the culture of family life in Korea. The study was the conducted by extensively interviewing one member from each of a total of 16 women's multicultural families at a daycare center area in Seoul between June 16, 2010 and July 28, 2010. The results can be summarized as follows: All interviewees were marriage migration females, in the range 20 to 50 years of age, and with middle educational backgrounds. They all had middle-level incomes. Through the content analysis of the informants' responses, three major factors were found to influence the understanding and adjustment of to the culture of family living: personal factors, familial support, and sociocultural support systems. Among the personal factors, the intimacy of the married couples was trouble major factor. An issue that tended to arise was that Korean husbands' traditional culture in terms of their way of thinking was often different from that of the wife's culture. However, husbands supported their wives' outside activities and friendships in order to help them adjust to the culture of family living. The husbands made an effort to understand their wives' original culture and national food, often visiting restaurants that served their wives' national cuisine. In terms of familial support, the most important factors affecting marriage migration females were orienting the education of children to the mother's native language, cooking their national foods, and visiting the mother's nation with the children. Marriage migration females had the following requires: The teacher in the daycare center needed to be interested in children from multicultural families and encourage self-pride in the marriage migration females' children. In terms of sociocultural support systems, marriage migration females are conscious of the indisposition and lack of consideration in Korean life. However, the Korean government and local provinces are concentrating attention on education for marriage migration females in terms of language, because learning the language can help these women to become accustomed to the rituals of Korean life. Marriage migration females make an effort to understand and adjust to Korean family living culture that involves the food culture for ceremonial occasions, folk plays, and places of historic interest. A matter of importance is Korean people's effort to understand and adjust to multicultural family with their distinctive cultures. Welfare policy related to multicultural families involves adopting supportive laws and actions.