• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.283-294
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• 1983

In order to study the change of protein synthesis in developing chick embryo under the influence of carcinogenic substances, we introduced a kind of potent carcinogen, 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4 NQO) to the yolk sac of developing chick embryo. There are changes of synthetic pattern of protein abreast with proceeding of development is each tissue. Protein synthesis in samples which was treated with 4NQO was decreased as compared with untreated control samples. There are tissue specificity in 4NQO effect, showing the apparent decreasing at the 24 hr after drug treatment in the lung and gizzard muscle but not in heart muscle. The results in the present study suggested that 4NQO treated samples was decreased as compared with control samples. From the above data we could know that 4NQO also affected the synthesis of glycosaminoglycan.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.119-131
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• 1988

The purpose of this study was to investigate the differentiation and degeneration of neurons in developing chick embryo. The activity of acid phosphatase(ACP) was measured and cytochemical study of ACP and ultrastructural changes were observed in prosencephalon, mesencephalon and rhombencephalon from day 4 to day 19 of incubation. As a result, the activity of ACP of all brain region was tend to increase from day 4 to day 19. On day 13, activities of ACP of mesencephalon and rhombencephalon were increased greatly and activity of ACP was decreased each region on day 17. On electron microscopic examination, the reaction product of ACP were localized at GERL complex, lysosome, Golgi body and vacuoles of neurons. Morphologically, disrupted nuclear envelope, mitochondrial destruction, vacuolization and ribosomal crystalization were observed.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.428-438
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• 1994

HgC12의 투여량에 따른 8일 계배의 대뇌 신경세포 분화에 미치는 영향을 규명하기 위하여 신경세포의 미세구조 변화를 전자현미경을 이용하여 관찰하였으며, 또한 탈수소효소의 활성도 및 ATP의 변화 상을 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 대뇌 신경세포의 미세구조의 변화는 0.1mg과 0.5mg 투여 군에서는 핵막이 약간 불규칙하게 관찰되지만 조면소포체와 Golgi복합체가 발달되고 rnltochondria가 다수 관찰되었다 그러나 1.Omg 투여군에서는 조면소포체와 Golgi복합체의 발달이 미약하였으며. 2.Omg 투여군에서는 핵막이 파괴되고 2중막이 분리되었으며, Golgi복합체의 발달이 매우 미약하였다. 탈수소효소 촬성도는 수은의 투여량이 증가할수록 감소하는 현상을 보였는데 LDH의 활성도는 1.Omg투여군이 약간 감소하였고, 2 Omg 투여 군에서는 69n로 크게 감소 현상을 보였다. MDH활성도는 2.Omg투여 군에서 82%로 활성이 감소하는 것으로 나타났다 한편 SDH활성도는 1.Omg투여 군에서 80%. 2.Omg투여군에서는 65%로 활성이 크게 감소하였다. ATP의 변화는 1.Omg투여군 이하에서는 정상군과 유의한 변화는 없으나 2.Omg투여군에서는 크게 증가하는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of the korean veterinary medical association
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• v.16 no.4_5
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• pp.193-198
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• 1980

The studies were under taken with the objective to observe water distribution and its content of developing embryo by dry method during the incubation periods. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. For the first time each developing embryoni

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.568-574
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• 2010

This study introduced a chick embryos’ infection model to elucidate the pathogenesis mechanism of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which causes serious diseases in human after ingestion of P. aeruginosa-contaminated animal originated foods. The embryonic chick model is able to give a rapid and relatively inexpensive method to assess bacterial pathogenicity compared to embryos of other vertebrates. Embryos were infected with P. aeruginosa and elastase-deficient P. aeruginosa. After infection with P. aeruginosa cells, total bacterial cell numbers and gelatinase activities in the embryos were compared. Thereafter, precartilage condensation and chondrogenesis were assessed by peanut agglutinin (PNA) binding on day 3 and by Alcian blue staining for sulfated proteoglycans on day 5, respectively. P. aeruginosa significantly increased in embryos, resulting in abnormal limb development, whereas P. aeruginosa defective in elastase activity partly impaired proliferation. In addition, P. aeruginosa-infected chick embryos significantly stimulated the production of matrix metalloproteinases. Several analyses showed that elevated proteases suppressed the proliferation and survival of chondrogenic cells. The results show that this infection model was a useful assay to determine the virulence mechanism of P. aeruginosa in human after intake of microbiologically contaminated foods.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.253-266
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• 1996

To investigate the effects of mercuric chloride ($HgCl_2$) on the differentiation of the cerebral neuron of chick embryo 9 days, the ultrastructural changes in nerve cells injected with a various doses of mercuric chloride were observed with transmission electron microscope. The enzyme activity of the some dehydrogenases, cerebral proteins and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) were also analyzed. The results obtained are as follows: The ultrastructural changes in 0.5 and 1.0mg-injected groups were undetectable, but in 2.0mg-injected group, the nuclear envelops were very irregular and mitochondria, were swelled and destroyed partly. The number of polypeptide bands separated by SDS-PAGE in the normal group were 37 bands. According to the in creased dose of mercuric chloride, contends of the bands were increased in 7 bands. The activities of dehydrogenases were declined by increasing the dose of mercuric chloride. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity failed to 78% in 1.0mg-injected group and greatly to 68% in 2.0 mg-injected group. Malate dehydrogenase (MDH) activity failed to 81% in 2.0 mg-injected group. On the other hand, succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity decreased to 80% in 1.0 mg-injected group and greatly to 63% in 2.0 mg-injected group. ATP content in 1.0 mg-injected group was increased slightly and in 2.0 mg-injected group was increased greatly.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.89-96
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• 1987

The purpose of this paper to present morphological normal chick chromosomes and develope avian cytogenetic techniques including chromosome preparation and banding technique. The early chick embryos provide a consistent source of material with hish mitotic cells. Although chick embryo tissue gives excellent preparations, the 4-5 days embryo is somewhat incovenient materials, Most imp of ant for avian Chromosome analysis are the technical protocols to achieve adequate preservation, spreading, and staining of the full chromosome complement. To precise chromosome analysis, pro-metaphase states are required. Best results of banding will be obtained from air dried slides prepared from early chick embryos that have been aged at least 1 week. Good G-banding differentiation is achieved by adequate trypsin digestion fellowed by staining in Goe,sa dye. The results of C-banding is influenced by many factors including the conditions of Ba(OH)$_2$, HCl treatment, and state of rinsing. In addition to precisely interprets banding patterns, the densitometric analysis is recommended.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.55-73
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• 1989

The effect of tryptophan or serotonin on the early stage of chick brain development has been morphologically investigated using an electron microscope. The electron micrographs of neural plate cells of 1-day chick embryo treated with tryptophan or serotonin showed irregularity, evagination and disruption of nuclear membrane and nuclear chromatin condenstation, nucleolar margination and segregation. Hypertrophy of stalks, vesicles and vaculoes were seen and dilated and disrupted rough endoplasmic reticulum and underdeveloped neurotubules were also observed. In mesenchyme cells of tryptophan or serotonin administered 18 hr embryo, irregular nuclear membrane, swollen mitochondria, dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum and very large yolk granules were observed. Furthermore, DNA, RNA and protein contents of the embryos treated with typtophan or serotonin were considerably lower than those of control group. The amount of tubulin of the experimental groups was also greatly lower than that of control, suggesting that the impairment of microtubule formation occurred. Tryptophan or serotonin administration might depress the biosynthesis, of nucleic acid and protein including some enzymes tested. It seems that the serotonin formed from exogeneous tryptophan might inhibit the degradation of yolk granule by feedback regulation mechanism so as to impair microtububle and microvilli formation followed by a malformation of chick embryos.

• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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• 2004.06a
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• pp.275-275
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• 2004

To evaluate the potential of the stem cell therapy as a method for prenatal management of spinal open neural tube defect (ONTD), the influence of embryonic stem cells injected into the amniotic cavity on the re-closure capacity of spinal ONTD was investgated. Spinal neural tube was incised open for a length of 6 somites using chick embryos of Hamburger and Hamilton stage 18 or 19. (omitted)

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.109-116
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• 1983

The effect of protein constituents of six-year old fresh Panax ginseng root on chick embryonic brain, spinal cord and skeletal muscle dissociation cultures was studied. The protein constituents showed the enhancing effect on cultured brain, spinal cord and skeletal muscle cells. The neurite formation from brain and spinal cord cells and the outgrowth of neurite seemed to be enhanced by almost all of the protein constituents employed for this study. The maturation of skeletal muscle cells was stimulated by the protein constituents. This enhancing effect of the protein constituents was more vivid when brain, spinal cord and skeletal muscle cells were cultured with a medium which did not contain chick embryonic extracts known as an essential component for primary cell culture. The protein fraction having molecular weight range of 1,000 to 5,000 out of all the protein fractions employed for this study showed the most stimulatory effect on cultured brain, spinal cord and skeletal muscle cells.