• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.101-108
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• 1975

Since 1959 the authors experienced 43 cases of chronic constrictive pericarditis treated surgically at the Department of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery, the National Medical Center in Seonl. Of 43 cases, detailed patients' records could be obtainable in 36 cases, and most of our studies. were made on the basis of these 36 available cases. About 84 per cent of the cases were male with several pediatric cases, and duration of symptoms ranged between 2 months and 10 years. The diagnosis of this condition is not difficult, however, about half of our cases were previously treated under the impression rf various other conditions such as liver cirrhosis or nephrotic syndrome at other hospitals and clinics. Many of our cases showed hepatic functional disturbances and about 89 per cent of the cases showed reversed A/G ratio, and we are sure that some of them had so-called protein losing enteropathy. Three of 36 cases showed normal electrocardiogram, and most peculiar electrocardiographic findings were ST or T changes and low amplitude of QRS complexes. Seven cases showed auricular fibrillation and five had first degree A-V block. Mean preoperative peripheral venous pressure at the antecubital fossa and arm-to-tongue circulation time were 273 mm $H_2O$and 20.2 seconds, respectively, and they were markedly reduced postoperatively to 152 mm $H_2O$ and 13 seconds, respectively. Several different approaches were made with various extents of pericardial decortication according to patients' condition and probably surgeon's preference. In 12 cases we met cardiovascular injuries during decortication and one of them died of massive bleeding through the torn right atrium, and we experienced excellent postoperative result in a grave case operated on just a small pericardial window. Eleven of 35 cases were tuberculous pericarditis and others were non-specific pericarditis histopathologically, and 6 of total 43 cases operated on passed away by various ways with the mortality rate of 13.9 per cent.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.442-449
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• 1979

Although anoxic cardiac arrest produces a dry, quiet field, the ability of the myocardium to withstand the anoxic insult is uncertain. The current growth of interest in the use of various cardioplegic solutions ` has resulted in the development of a number of different solutions. In this study, 51 consecutive cases of elective open heart surgery with the aid of extracorporeal circulation were reviewed retrospectively to compare two methods of myocardial preservation. All of these open heart operations had been performed, using hemodilution principle under the moderate hypothermia at the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, College of Medicine, Kyungpook National University from December, 1975 to July, 1979. In the 31 consecutive cases that form the anoxic arrest group, the operations were done with intermittent aortic cross-clamping and topical cardiac hypothermia. The heart was cooled topically by cold normal saline, which was converted to ice slush before application to the pericardial sac. Twenty of 51 consecutive cases were assigned to the cold cardioplegic method [the cardioplegic group], in which two kinds of cold cardioplegic solutions [Young solution and G IK solution] were infused into the aortic root proximal to the aortic cross clamp for myocardial preservation. Mean total aortic cross clamp times were 43 minutes in the anoxic arrest group and 67 minutes in the cardioplegic group. In the post-operative period, spontaneous regular heart beatings were recovered in 80 percent of the cardioplegic group as opposed to 25.7 percent of the anoxic arrest group. Ventricular fibrillation requiring DC shock was seen in 32.3 percent of the anoxic arrest group and 10 percent of the cardioplegic group. In the cardioplegic group, mean CPK-MB was one positive value on the first post-operative day, and mean LDH 1 was elevated to 51 0 units/ml on the 2nd post-operative day. These results indicate that protecting the myocardium with cold cardioplegia is superior to use of the anoxic cardiac arrest.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.87-93
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• 1982

Two cases of pulmonary disease in a 54 year-old female and a 70 year-old male patient due to Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex(MAIC) and a case of pulmonary infection ina 69 year-old male patient due to M. fortuitum(MF) were found recently in this institute. All three patients had a long history of anti-tuberculous chemotherapy because they were initially diagnosed as pulmonary tuberculosis. A 70 year-old male patient infected with MAIC had an unsuccessful chemotherapy history of isoniazid(INH), para-aminosalicylic acid(PAS) and streptomycin(SM) with an incomplete, temporary, symptomatic improvement, for three years since 1964 when he was first diagnosed as pulmonary tuberculosis on physical examination. A 54 year-old female patient infected with MAIC also had an unsuccessful chemotherapy history with the various anti-tuberculous drugs since 1958. Both patients discharged large number of MAIC in their sputum specimens for at least more than one year, but no M. tuberculosis at all. A 69 year-old male patient infected with MF was diagnosed as moderately advanced pulmonary tuberculsis in 1977. Combined chemotherapy with INH+PAS+pyrazinamide(PZA) improved his clinical symptoms, however, his chest radiograph was deteriorated again in 1980 one year after he stopped therapy. Therefore he started chemotherapy again with INH+ethionamide(TH)+cycloserine(CS) but no improvement was noticed. MF was cultured from his sputum in August 1981 and he continuously discharged the same bacilli until last examination of January 1982. Whether all three patients were initially !infected with nontuberculous mycobacteria or complicated with predisposing tuberculosis was not clear because there were no reliable bacteriological examination records.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.2607-2615
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to increase efficiency and accuracy in operation of CPR(Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation) through comparing accuracy in CPR between group with verbal order and group with non-verbal order given carrying out CPR. This study performed convenience sampling targeting 62 students(31 people for group with non-verbal order, 31 people for group with verbal order) at university where is located in G Province. Survey period was carried out from October 7, 2010 to October 21. Analytical method was made by using SPSS WIN(Version 12.0). As a result of research, the group with non-verbal order was indicated to be higher in accuracy of CPR on artificial respiration and chest compression in several spheres than the group with verbal order. Based on this, the non-verbal order method needs to try to be applied to performing education and skills of CPR in the future. And, even a continuous research is needed on effectiveness between verbal order method and non-verbal order method in an emergency situation.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.385-391
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• 2019

Background: Preoperative autologous blood donation (PABD) is a conservation strategy for reducing allogenic blood transfusion (ABT) during minimally invasive cardiac surgery (MICS). We aimed to evaluate the effects of PABD on the frequency of ABT and clinical outcomes in patients undergoing MICS. Methods: We enrolled 113 patients (47.8±13.1 years, 50 men) undergoing MICS without preoperative anemia (hemoglobin >11 g/dL) between 2014 and 2017. Of these patients, 69 (the PABD group) donated autologous blood preoperatively and were compared to the non-PABD group (n=44). We analyzed the frequency of perioperative ABT and clinical outcomes. Results: Baseline characteristics did not significantly differ between groups, although preoperative hemoglobin levels were lower in the PABD group. All operations were performed using a minimally invasive approach. Patients' surgical profiles were similar. There were no cases of mortality or significant differences in early postoperative outcomes. During the early postoperative period, hemoglobin levels were higher in the PABD group. No significant difference was found in the frequency of ABT. Conclusion: Although the PABD group had higher postoperative hemoglobin levels, there was no clear clinical benefit in the early postoperative period, despite a great deal of effort and additional cost. Additional PABD in the setting of strict policies for blood conservation was ineffective in reducing ABT for young and relatively healthy patients who underwent MICS.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.81-88
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• 2012

Objective : Banhahubak-tang is indicated for globus hystericus, marked by a subjective sensation as if something stuffed in the throat, chest distress, cough or vomiting, greasy whitish, taut and smooth pulse. In this study, the effects of Banhahubak-Tang extract (BHTe) were tested for anti-stress action. Methods : BHTe was extracted by pure water using electronic extractor and then fed to ICR male mice ($20{\pm}2g$) orally with the dose of 100mg/kg/day for five days. Mice were exposed to sociopsychological stress by restraining and seeing foot shock stressed mice for one hour for five days. Results : BHTe administered group showed a tendency of decreasing of serum corticosterone secretion when compared with control group, and BHTe administration also significantly up-regulated noradrenaline secretions in the dorsal cortex of brain. Lipid peroxidation of the brain tissues of mice were tested by measuring malondialdehyde, but BHTe showed no significant change. The elevated plus-maze test was designed to detect the effect of anxiolytic drugs, and BHTe administered group showed a significant increase of latency time. Conclusions : These results suggest that BHTe can effectively rid the psychological stress and it's related diseases.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.49 no.8
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• pp.902-905
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• 2006

We report a case in which routine chest roentgenograms of an 840 g infant led to the belief that the peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) was appropriately positioned within the superior vena cava when, in actuality, it was within the azygous arch. Although many cases of pleural effusions have been reported to be caused by a central venous catheter, a right-sided hydrothorax caused by azygous vein rupture from the use of a PICC is an extremely rare complication. Sudden changes in the condition of a preterm infant with PICC should raise the suspicion of a catheter-related problem.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.239-245
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• 2013

Occupational exposure and risk assessment were conducted to evaluate the safety of operators when insecticide acetamiprid was applied to apple orchard using a speed sprayer. Dermal patches, cotton gloves, socks, and masks were used to monitor the dermal exposure, and personal air pump with solid sorbent was used to measure the potential inhalation exposure. In validation to analytical methods, the limit of detection and limit of quantitation were 0.25 ng and 1 ng, respectively. Good reproducibility (coefficient variation < 4%), linearity (coefficient determination > 0.999), and recovery (85.3-118.2%) were obtained. Trapping efficiency of solid sorbent was 96.4% while breakthrough did not occur. Only hand exposure was measured on the gloves during mixing/loading to give $33-1,132{\mu}g$. Exposure amount of operator 3 among 4 workers was noticeably high. The total volumes of spray liquid for operators were $535-1,235mL{\cdot}h^{-1}$, corresponding to 0.03-0.08% of the applied spray solution. Highest contaminated parts of body were thighs, chest, and lower legs. The inhalation exposure ratio to the total application amount was significantly low. However, wind seemed to affect the inhalation exposure of operator. For risk assessment, margin of safety was calculated by the application of cloth and dermal penetration rate to obtain values of much larger than 1 in all cases. Therefore, health risk of operators during treatment of acetamiprid in apple orchard could be of least possibility.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.285-289
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• 2005

In this double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, we assessed the efficacy and safety of beef tallow extract (BTE) including Cis-9-cetylmyristoleate in patients with arthritis. Between May and December 2003, we selected 80 patients (n=80) who showed/manifested arthritic symptoms and whose radiological findings were suggestive of arthritis, and randomly assigned them to placebo-controlled (n=40) and treatment group (n=40). The placebo (corn starch 350 mg) and BTE (208 mg) were orally administered to placebo-controlled and treatment group three times a day, respectively. We assessed the efficacy and safety based on the visual analogue scale (V AS) and modified knee society knee scores (MKSKS) at baseline and endpoint, respectively. To assess the safety, we monitored the adverse effects noted in liver, kidney, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal system for 3 weeks. Then, we performed not only a questionnaire study but also laboratory tests (e.g., liver function test, kidney function test, urinalysis, electrocardiography [EKG], complete blood cell counts [CBC] and chest X-ray). For statistical analysis, Student (-test and paired (-test were done using SPSS■ Version 11.0. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. The scores between V AS and MKSKS showed statistical significance (p < 0.05) with an improvement of $69.2\%$ (27/39) and $3.8\%$ (21/39) of treatment-group patients, respectively. Abnormal laboratory findings were noted in neither placebo-controlled nor treatment group. In conclusion, our results indicate that the administration of BTE was a safe and effective treatment regimen for patients with arthritis. In addition, the efficacy of BTE was more remarkable in alleviating the symptoms rather than improving the function.

• Progress in Superconductivity
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.164-168
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• 2007

We developed a SQUID magnetometer based on Double Relaxation Oscillation SQUID(DROS) for measuring magnetocardiography(MCG). Since DROS provides a 10 times larger flux-to-voltage transfer coefficient than the conventional DC-SQUID, simple flux-locked loop electronics could be used for SQUID operation. Especially, we adopted an external feedback to eliminate the magnetic coupling with adjacent channels. When the DROS magnetometer was operated inside a magnetically shielded room, average magnetic field noise was about 5 $fT/^{\surd}Hz$ at 100 Hz. Using the DROS magnetometer, we constructed a multichannel MCG system. The system consisted of 61 magnetometers are arranged in a hexagonal structure and measures a vertical magnetic-field component to the chest surface. The distance between adjacent channels is 26 mm and the magnetometers cover a circular area with a diameter of 208 mm. We recorded the MCG signals with this system and confirmed the magnetic field distribution and the myocardinal current distribution.