• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제54권6호
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• pp.2244-2252
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• 2022

Based on GIS technologies, a decision support system (GIDSS) has been developed to remediate agricultural lands in the Bryansk region (Russia) contaminated by ¹³⁷Cs after the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. GIDSS is a multilevel system consisting of basic, information and computational layers. GIDSS allows justifying a targeted approach for the remediation of agricultural lands belonging to agricultural enterprises for the production that meets the established radiological requirements for the content of radionuclides. Evaluation of the effectiveness of alternative remediation technologies and the selection of optimal measures were carried out at the level of elementary plots using radiological criteria. The introduction of GIDSS will enable agricultural producers in the south-western districts of the Bryansk region to conduct radiation-safe agro-industrial production in radioactively contaminated areas, which will help improve the socio-economic situation of the region and return it to normal living conditions.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.237-249
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• 2011

The Chernobyl accident was a terrible catastrophe for humanity. Scientists are in concurrence about an increase of thyroid cancer incidence among children, but not among adults, because even areas less contaminated by radiation have also reported an increase in the incidence of thyroid cancer. In this case, the rise might be due to a screening effect. There is no convincing evidence that the incidence of leukemia and solid cancer has increased among the exposed populations, but it still remains a controversial issue. Additionally, apparent evidence of decreased fertility and increased hereditary effects have not been observed in the general population. WHO suggested 4,000 people could have died or may die in the future among emergency workers and residents of the most contaminated areas, while Greenpeace insists there will be 93,080 victims around the world. The radiation dose due to Chernobyl was mainly low, so if its health effects are to be found, more long-term and welldesigned research will be needed.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.183-200
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• 1996

체르노빌 원전 4호기 폭발사고가 발생한 지 10년을 맞아 사고로 인한 피해의 규모를 놓고 여러 채널에서 다양한 내용들이 다루어지고 있다. 특히, 사고시 방출된 방사능에 의한 인명이나 재산의 피해에 대해서는 정보원에 따라 그 내용이 매우 큰 차이가 있어 정보 수용자를 혼란스럽게 하고 있다. 이 보고는 사고 10주년을 맞아 국제원자력기구, 세계보건기구 등 국제기관이 보고한 내용과 최대 피해국인 우크라이나 및 벨라루스 공화국의 공식 보고서, 기타 여러 정보원에서 입수된 자료는 물론 방사선학, 방사선생물학, 역학, 생태학 등 관련된 과학적 지식을 종합하여 체르노빌 원전사고와 그 피해에 대해 정리한 것이다. 가능한 한 평이하고 상세히 기술하여 일반인의 이해를 돕고자했지만 영향의 방대함을 고려할 때 한정된 지면에 이를 충분히 자세히 설명하는 것이 무리이며 따라서 부분적으로 불충분한 경우도 있을 것이다.

• Ocean Science Journal
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.261-290
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• 2006

The concentrations of man made radionuclides in surface seawater since early '60s are here reported as measured in Italy and Japan. Most of the data refers to $^{90}Sr$ and $^{137}Cs$, but occasionally the concentrations of $^{89}Sr$ and $^{134}Cs$ in some Italian samples are also given. The main sources of man made radionuclides were the global fallout produced by the nuclear weapon tests and the Chernobyl accident. The respective contributions to the contamination of surface seawater around both countries are discussed.

• 환경생물
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.373-378
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• 2011

Our aim was to investigate the genotoxicity of ambient air in the Krak$\acute{o}$w area after Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) accident and compare with results from Chernobyl fallout. For the detection of ambient air genotoxicity the technique for screening gene mutation frequency in somatic cells of the $Tradescantia$ stamen hairs ($Trad$-SH assay) was used. Since 11th of March 2011 (Fukushima NPP accident), several pots containing at least 15 shoots of bioindicating plants were exposed to ambient air at 2 sites in the Krak$\acute{o}$w surrounding area, one in the city center, and about 100 pots in a control site (in the glasshouse of the Institute of Nuclear Physics) Continuous screening of mutations was performed. Progenies of 371,090 cells exposed were analyzed. Mutation frequency obtained in the first 10 days has shown a mean control level (GMF*100=$0.06{\pm}0.01$). At scoring period related to influence of a potential Fukushima fallout, a significant increase of gene mutation frequencies above the control level was observed at each site in the range, 0.10~0.33 depending on the location, (mean value for all sites GMF*100=$0.19{\pm}0.05$) that was associated with a strong expression of toxic effects. In the reported studies following the Chernobyl NPP accident monitoring $in$ $situ$ of the ambient air genotoxicity was performed in the period since April $29^{th}$ till June $3^{rd}$ 1986 also with Trad-SH bioindicator. In general, mutation frequency increases due to Chernobyl fallout(GMF*100=$0.43{\pm}0.02$) were corresponding to fluctuation of radioactivity in the air reported from physical measures, and to published reports about increase in chromosome aberration levels. Although, recent data obtained from monitoring of the ambient air quality in the Krak$\acute{o}$w and surroundings are lower when compared to results reported after Chernobyl NPP accident, though results express a significant increase above the control level and also are corresponding with increased air radioactivity reported from physical measurements. Statistically significant in comparison to control increase in gene mutation rates and more prolonged than that after Chernobyl fallout increase of GMF was observed during the period following the Fukushima NPP failure.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제38권8호
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• pp.697-732
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• 2006

In this paper, a historical review of the developments in the safety of LWR power plants is presented. The paper reviews the developments prior to the TMI-2 accident, i.e. the concept of the defense in depth, the design basis, the large LOCA technical controversies and the LWR safety research programs. The TMI-2 accident, which became a turning point in the history of the development of nuclear power is described briefly. The Chernobyl accident, which terrified the world and almost completely curtailed the development of nuclear power is also described briefly. The great international effort of research in the LWR design-base and severe accidents, which was, respectively, conducted prior to and following the TMI-2 and Chernobyl accidents is described next. We conclude that with the knowledge gained and the improvements in plant organisation/management and in the training of the staff at the presently-installed nuclear power stations, the LWR plants have achieved very high standards of safety and performance. The Generation 3+LWR power plants, next to be installed, may claim to have reached the goal of assuring the safety of the public to a very large extent. This review is based on the historical developments in LWR safety that occurred primarily in USA, however, they are valid for the rest of the Western World. This review can not do justice to the many fine contributions that have been made over the last fifty years to the cause of LWR safety. We apologize if we have not mentioned them. We also apologize for not providing references to many of the fine investigations, which have contributed towards LWR safety earning the conclusions that we describe just above.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.129-143
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• 2012

이 논문은 1986년에 발생한 체르노빌 원전 사고 사례연구를 통해 환경 모니터링과 영향 평가를 위한 고급 공간정보 모델링 기술의 유용성을 예시하였다. 사고지점 주변에서 1986년과 1992년에 촬영된 Landsat TM 영상자료를 대상으로 선분류 후비교법을 적용하여 변화가 크게 일어난 지역과 토지피복 변화 양상을 분석하였다. 그리고 이 사고의 가장 큰 피해지역으로 알려진 벨로루시 지역을 대상으로 다양한 크리깅 기법을 포함한 공간 모델링 기법을 적용하여 토양 내 세슘 농도와 갑상선 암 발병률 자료와의 상관성을 분석하였다. 변화 탐지 결과, 농경지 면적의 감소와 황무지 면적의 증가가 가장 뚜렷하게 나타났고, 방사능 오염의 확산을 막기 위한 콘크리트 구조물들이 새롭게 생겨난 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 벨로루시 지역의 영향평가 결과, 세슘 오염이 심한 원전 인근 지역에서 포아송 크리깅에 의해 추정된 위험도가 상대적으로 높게 나타났다. 세슘 농도와 사고지점과의 거리를 독립 변수로 사용하여 이 변수들의 공간 변화 양상을 반영할 수 있는 지리적 가중 회귀분석을 적용하였다. 적용 결과, 갑상선 암 위험도와 상관계수 0.98을 나타내는 갑상선 암 발병 위험도 추정이 가능하였으며, 이는 원전 사고가 갑상선 암 발병 위험도에 영향을 준 것을 의미한다. 결론적으로 이 연구에서 적용한 공간정보 모델링 기법들은 환경 영향 평가 및 환경 보건 분야에서 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.366-372
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• 2020

Using several accessible published data sets, we analyzed the temporal change of ¹³⁷Cs radioactivity (per unit mass of sample) in marine sediments and investigated the effect of the water content of sediment on the ¹³⁷Cs radioactivity, to understand the behavior of ¹³⁷Cs present in marine environments. The ¹³⁷Cs radioactivity in sediments decreased more slowly in the Baltic Sea (near the Chernobyl nuclear power plant) than in the ocean near the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant (FDNPP). The ¹³⁷Cs radioactivity in the sediment near the FDNPP tended to increase as the water content increased, and the water content decreased at certain sampling sites near the FDNPP for several years. Additionally, the decrease in the water content contributed to 51.2% of the average ¹³⁷Cs radioactivity decrease rate for the same period. Thus, it may be necessary to monitor both the ¹³⁷Cs radioactivity and the water content for marine sediments to track the ¹³⁷Cs that was discharged from the sites of Chernobyl and Fukushima nuclear power plants where severe accidents occurred.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.226-233
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• 2011

Exactly 25 years after the Chernobyl nuclear disaster, 11th of March 2011 the Fukushima nuclear accident occurred in Japan and was ranked at level 7 same to the Chernobyl. A Korean and Japanese joint civil survey was conducted around Fukushima on April 13-17. The radiation survey data clearly shows a large hotspot area between 20 km and 50 km radius north and west direction from the accident reactors, with the highest radiation recorded being 55.64 ${\mu}Sv/hr$ in the air, 99.89 ${\mu}Sv/hr$ in the surface air, and 36.16 ${\mu}Sv/hr$ in a car, respectively. 3.65 ${\mu}Sv/hr$ in the air and 6.89 ${\mu}Sv/hr$ in the surface air were detected at the playground of an elementary school in Fukushima City. Spring came with full cherry blossoms in Fukushima, but it was silent spring of radiation contamination. Interviews with Fukushima nuclear refugees reveal serious problems about Japanese nuclear safety systems, such as there was no practical evacuation drill within 1-10 km and no plan at all for 10-30 km areas. Several reforms items for Korean nuclear safety system can be suggested: minimization of accident damage, clear separation of regulatory and safety bureaus with a new and independent administrating agency, community participation and agreement regarding the safety system and levels, which is the major concern of 80% Korean. To tackle threats of nuclear disaster in neighboring nations like China, a new position entitled 'Ambassador for nuclear safety diplomacy' is highly necessary. The nuclear safety of Korea should no longer be the monopoly of those nuclear engineers and limited technocrats criticized as a 'nuclear mafia'.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.1-28
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• 2001

This paper deals with the selection of the important Influencing Factors (IFs) under accident management situations in nuclear power plants for use in the assessment of human errors. In order to achieve this goal, we collected two types of IF taxonomies, one is the full set IF list mainly developed for human error analysis. and the other is the IFs for human reliability analysis (HRA) in probabilistic safety assessment (PSA). Five sets of IF taxonomy among the full set IF list and ten sets of IF taxonomy among HRA methodologies were collected in the study. From the review and analysis of BRA IFs, we could obtain some insights for the selection of HRA IFs. By considering the situational characteristics of the accident management domain, candidate IFs are chosen. Finally, those IFs are structured hierarchically to be appropriate for the use in the assessment of human error under accident management situation. Three nuclear accidents such as TMI. Chernobyl and JCO were analysed to validate the proposed taxonomy.