• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.35-39
• /
• 2004

The method for the chiral analysis of (-)-yatein was developed and the distribution of this component in the plants of three genera like Juniperus, Thuja and Chamaecyparis belonging to Cupressaceae family was examined. The chiral analysis of (-)-yatein from the plants was carried out by high performance liquid chromatography on (R,R)-Whelk-O1 column using 81 v/v% methanol as mobile phase. The yatein content in the leaves of Juniperus was the highest in compare with that of the other two genera, providing the possibility of the chemical discrimination of the plants in Juniperus from the other plants in the Cupressaceae family. In general, the yatein content in the leaves was much higher than that in the twigs. This method could be applied for the quality control of (-)-yatein in the plants belonging to Cupressaceae family.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.89-94
• /
• 2000

Cephalotaxus koreana Nakai is endemic species of Korea. Since old days, the fruits have been used as a parasiticide and leaves have been used for a pierced wound by insects. The essential oil components from its aerial parts and stem bark by steam distillation were investigated. Several compounds were characterized by GC-Mass spectra. It was found that the leaves, stembark and flowers contain the compounds of essential oils, 1-octene-3-ol, hexadecanoic acid; $\alpha$-pinene, $\Delta^3$-carene mainly, linalylacetate, $\beta$-cubebene, 3,4-octadine-7-methyl , ferruginol(stem bark) and $\alpha$-pinene mainly, $\beta$-pinene , cyclopropane-1,1-dimethyl-2-(3-methyl-1,3-butadienyl), etc. This Cephalotaxus spp. contains the first components of ferruginol(M.W.286.03, $C_{20}H_{30}O)$ which belong to diterpene.

• Natural Product Sciences
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.279-282
• /
• 2020

Chemical investigation of the methanol extract of Koordersiodendron pinnatum Merr. leaves resulted a new naphthalene derivative, (Z)-4-(tetradec-3-enyl)naphthalene-1,2,7-triol (1), together with three known compounds, ��-sitosterol (2), 20-epibryonolic acid (3), and scopoletin (4). The structure of the new compound was elucidated based on spectroscopic evidence. The isolated compounds (1-4) were tested their cytotoxic activities against the P-388 murine leukemia cell line and compound 1 has highest activity with IC50 1.94 μM.

• Analytical Science and Technology
• /
• v.37 no.1
• /
• pp.1-11
• /
• 2024

In agricultural households cultivating vegetables and fruits, the use of various pesticides to protect crops from diseases and pests or to control weeds is widely practiced enhancing quality and productivity. However, pesticides can pose a threat to consumer health by remaining on the food surface or migrating into the food interior. Households commonly peel off skins, wash with water, or use chemical methods to remove foreign substances including residual pesticides on the food surface. In this study, we measured the washing rate by comparing the pesticide concentrations before and after washing in the leafy vegetable perilla leaves and the fruits strawberries and apples, which were intentionally exposed to pesticides. We compared washing rates using tap water, a baking soda solution, and a commercially available food-specific cleaning solution. The target pesticides for analysis were azoxystrobin, bifenthrin, boscalid, difenoconazole, flubendiamide, and indoxacarb, and the residual pesticide analysis was performed using GC-MS/MS or LC-MS/MS. The removal rates of pesticides were highest with the food-specific cleaner, followed by baking soda and tap water in order.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.15-25
• /
• 2019

The study was conducted to compare the chemical properties and microbial activity of soil and the crop productivity by applying homemade liquid fertilizers (LF) used in leading cucumber farms as well as to evaluate the eco-friendly LFs to substitute for a chemical fertilizer. Three homemade LFs, EM, starfish, and native microbes, and a chemical LF were regularly fertigated per three days during the growing season. Chemical LF contained the highest pH, EC (electrical conductivity), and concentrations of T-N, $P_2O_5$, K, Ca, and Mg, while the lowest EC level was observed for EM LF. Soil EC was the highest to the 3.0 dS/m for chemical LF-plots, with lowering soil pH, OM (organic matter), and Mg concentration. Soil chemical properties mostly increased in native microbes LF-plots. However, soil microbial properties were not significantly different among the LF treatment plots. OTU (operational taxonomic units), richness estimator, and diversity index of bacteria and fungi increased in the chemical LF and EM LF based on the pyrosequencing analysis. SPAD and PS II values on the treated-cucumber leaves were seasonally decreased from 32 to 60 days after transplanting, with the rapid decline observed at 45 days after transplanting. Number of leaves and crop height increased in the treatments with EM and native microbes LF. LF treated-cucumber crops were not significantly different for total fresh weight and fruit yield.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.15 no.5 s.72
• /
• pp.796-801
• /
• 2005

For usage of natural antioxidants, sanjook (Sasa boreails var. chiisanensis) leaves were extracted with methanol and investigated about its antioxidative activities and stability. It showed that the antioxidant activity of methanol extracts from the leaves of sanjook depend on their concentration within range of 0.1 to 0.8 mg/ml. The methanol extracts from the leaves of sanjook represented $583{\mu}g/ml$ for $IC_{50}$ of DPPH radical scavenging ability, $800{\mu}g/ml$for $IC_{50}$ of SOD-like activity and $38{\mu}g/ml$for $IC_{50}$ of $H_{2} O_{2}$ scavenging ability, while BHT, as a compared substance, was $271{\mu}g/ml$ for $IC_{50}$ of DPPH radical scavenging ability, $680{\mu}g/ml$ for $IC_{50}$ of SOD-like activity and $30{\mu}g/ml$ for $IC_{50}$ of $H_{2} O_{2}$ scavenging ability, respectively. The anti-au-toxidation effect for methanol extracts from the leaves of sajook was $55\∼60\%$ within range of 0.1 to 0.8 mg/ml. The pH stability on methanol extracts from the leaves of sanjook was most stable at pH 6. The more acid or akali it became, the more unstable it turned. The thermostability on methanol extracts from the leaves of sanjook remained above $80\%$ of their DPPH activity at range of $0^{\circ}C{\;}to{\;}120^{\circ}$.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
• /
• v.28 no.4
• /
• pp.356-364
• /
• 2009

In 2006 and 2007, there was a big outbreak of the Ussur Brown Katydid, Paratlanticus ussurriensis in the central part of Korea attacking some orchard trees. Until 2000, the katydid had not been regarded as an agricultural pest because they were distributed widely in Korea with low population density and their habitats were confined mainly to hillsides of forested areas. The fact that katydid attacked orchard trees with a higher population density seemed to be related to a change in feeding environment. And the shift of their habitats from oak woodlands to commercial orchards was thought to be related to the nutritional contents of their feed. In an attempt to understand these relationships, we conducted an ecological study of the affected areas. When the katydids changed their habitats in early May of 2008 and 2009, they shifted their host plants from oak trees to peach trees. The habitat shift was closely related to the nitrogen (N) content of the host plant leaves. When katydid moved to the hillside adjacent to orchard farm, N content of oak tree leaves decreased dramatically from 5.3% to 2.2%. At that time N content of peach tree leaves were higher than the 2.2% of oak leaves, showing 3.5~5.0%. This range of N content of peach tree leaves has been consistent until late June. And feed preference analysis carried out in the laboratory showed that katydid prefered peach tree leaves to peach fruit to oak tree leaves.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.312-316
• /
• 2006

A optimal condition for the Ginkgo biloba extraction in ethanol and water binary solvent system has been proposed based on concentration of bilobalide and ginkgolide known as having a antimicrobial components in the range 5% to 70% ethanol in water at $80^{\circ}C$. Concentration of bilobalide as a single component of Ginkgo biloba leaves extract is the highest at the 60% ethanol and ginkgolide A and B is highest at 50% ethanol. Antimicrobial effect of Ginkgo biloba leaves extracts on the S. aureus was also examined by disc diffusion test and optical density test. In case of the disc diffusion test, the clean zone diameter was increased from 0.95 cm to 1.70 cm as ethanol concentration increased from 5 to 70%. However, over the 40% of ethanol concentration the antimicrobial effect was almost flat. Based on these results, we propose that the 40% of ethanol and 60% water solvent is most desirable for Ginkgo biloba extract considering vapor pressure problem in concentrating process after extraction. We introduced SEM and TEM to figure out the morphological change on the surface and inside body of S. aureus when Ginkgo biloba leaves extract was treated. After mixed with Ginkgo biloba leaves extract blast like blebs appeared on the surface of S. aureus cells and cell wall was not observed. From the these results, it seems that the Ginkgo biloba leaves extract including bilobalide and ginkgolide A, B prevent cell wall synthesis.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.11-19
• /
• 1994

Gleditsia japonica var. koraiensis NAKAI(Leguminosae) is commonly distributed in Korea and has been used as a folk medicine in the treatment of bronchitis, neoplasm and blennorrhgia in the Orient. The aqueous acetone extract of the leaves of G. japonica was subjected to a combination of Sephadex LH-20, Cosmosil $75C_{18}-OPN$, TSK-gel Toyopearl HW 40F, Avicel cellulose, and MCI-gel CHP 20P chromatographies with various solvent systems. Twelve compounds were isolated and confirmed to be vitexin(1), isovitexin(2), orientin(3), isoorientin(4), 4-caffeoyl quinic acid(5), 5-caffeoyl quinic acid(6), 3, 5-dicaffeoyl quinic acid(7), 4, 5-dicaffeoyl quinic acid(8), caffeic acid(9), quercetin(10), isoquercitrin(11) and luteolin-7-O-glucoside(12), on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidences.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.38 no.4
• /
• pp.403-408
• /
• 2007

xBrassicoraphanus is an intergenic breed crossed between Brassica campetris L. ssp. pekinensis and Raphanus sativus L. that have been daily consumed. xBrassicoraphanus was known to have good tastes and biological activities. Nevertheless, its constituetnts were not elucidated yet. Thus, in the present study, to indirectly evaluate the biological activity of xBrassicoraphanus, 12 compounds were isolated from leaves and roots of xBrassicoraphanus. On the basis of spectroscopic evidences, the structures of these compounds isolated from leaves of xBrassicoraphanus. were identified as ${\beta}-sitosterol$, indole-3-acetonitrile, ferulic acid, methyl ferulate, linolenic acid methyl ester, linolenic acid and coniferyl alcohol, while the chemical structures of compounds isolated from the roots of were xBrassicoraphanus were characterized as ${\beta}-sitosterol$, indole-3-acetonitrile, ferulic acid, methyl ferulate, linolenic acid methyl ester, 1-methoxyindole-3-acetonitrile, goitrin, 4-hydroxycinnamyl alcohol, coniferyl alcohol, palmitic acid and daucosterol. These can be classified as three steroids, two indole cyanides, two cinnamic acid derivatives, one cinnamyl alcohol derivative, three fatty acid derivatives one isothiocyanate. These results suggest that the compounds isolated from xBrassicoraphanus were almost identical with known components of Brassica campetris L. ssp pekinensis or Raphanus sativus L. However, it is necessary to investigate more about the difference of amounts of constituents according to harvest time and variant species amounts.