• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.407-412
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• 1990

This study was designed to elucidate the effects of administration with dietary iron and fat-free diet on the contents of unsaturated fatty acid in phospholipid molecules, vitamin E contents and malondialdehyde contents in liver, kidney, muscle and testis of the male rats. The rats were divided into 3 experimental groups, namely, control, iron injection and fat-free diet administration groups. The control group was fed with normal diet, iron injection group injected intraperitoneally 20mg of ferric hydroxide/100g of body weight 20 times every 3 days and fat-free diet group administered lipid extraction diet with hexane in normal diet. All experimental groups were maintained for 60 days with feeding on the respective ration. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. In the mean contents of unsaturated fatty acid in phospholipid of liver, kidney, muscle and testis among groups, control group was 21.31mg/g, 19.38mg/g, 1.67mg/g, 13.68mg/g, iron injection group was 13.83mg/g, 16.53mg/g, 0.71mg/g, 10.11mg/g and fat-free diet group was 21.07mg/g, 19.38mg/g, 1.49mg/g and 13.40mg/g, respectively. 2. In the mean contents of vitamin E in liver, kidney, muscle and testis among groups, control group was 6.77mg/g, 1.93mg/g, 0.12mg/g, 0.17mg/g, iron injection group was 3.16mg/g, 0.86mg/g, 0.07mg/g, 0.09mg/g and fat-free diet group was 7.41mg/g, 1.50mg/g, 0.11mg/g and 0.16mg/g, respectively. 3. In the mean contents of malondialdehyde in liver, kidney, muscle, testis and serum among groups, control group was 11.29nM/0.1g, 23.25nM/0.1g, 42.47nM/0.1g, 7.01nM/0.1g, 4.33nM/ml, iron injection group was 34.98nM/0.1g, 40.55nM/0.1g, 72.21nM/0.1g, 12.26nM/0.1g, 11.27nM/ml and fat-free diet group was 8.07nM/0.1g, 20.63nM/0.1g, 39.92nM/0.1g, 6.95nM/0.1g and 4.27nM/ml, respectively.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.417-424
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• 2013

A rapid and simple analytical method for the determination of 9 isomaltooligosaccharides (IMO) species in yoghurts was developed using dispersive solid phase extraction (dSPE) clean-up technic and high performance liquid chromatography with evaporative light-scattering detector (HPLC-ELSD). In this study, 9 IMO were extracted from samples simply with chemical reagent using ISO22662 IDF198 method and additional dSPE clean-up. The optimum instrument conditions for the determination were used carbohydrate ES $5{\mu}$ column with gradient elution of water and acetonitrile and ELS detector. The linearity of this method was expressed as the correlation coefficient ($r^2$), the results of IMO 9 species were shown in 0.9999. LOD and LOQ were respectively 7.9-22.1 mg/kg, 25.9-72.8 mg/kg. The accuracy of intra- and inter-day measurements were in the range from $84.3{\pm}4.5$ to $104.9{\pm}6.5%$, and the preceision of the intra- and inter-day measurements were in the range from 0.8 to 7.7%. The recoveries were from $84.3{\pm}4.5$ to $104.9{\pm}6.5%$. The determination results of IMO 9 species for the 9 yoghurts circulated in the market were in the range from $0.317{\pm}0.007$ to $1.624{\pm}0.050$ g/100 g. The newly developed method is appropriate for the determination of IMO in yoghurts, is a rapid and simple method with excellent resolution in compared with previous method.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.196-213
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• 2002

The alkylphenols, chlorophenols and bisphenol A were determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry-selected ion monitoring mode followed by three work-up methods for comparison; EPA method, isoBOC derivatization method and TBDMS derivatization method. Eleven phenols in water samples were extracted with dichloromethane. Also, solid-phase extraction (SPE) with XAD-4 and subsequent conversion to isobutoxycarbonyl derivatives or tert.-butyldimethylsilyl derivatives for sensitive analysis with the selected ion-monitoring (SIM) mode. The recoveries were 85.1~109.9% (EPA method) and 90.3~126.6% (isoBOC derivatization and TBDMS derivatization), respectively. The method detection limit of bisphenol A for SIM were 0.732 ${\mu}g/{\ell}$ (EPA method), 0.002 ${\mu}g/{\ell}$ (isoBOC derivatization) and 0.021 ${\mu}g/{\ell}$ (TBDMS derivatization). The SIM responses were linear with the correlation coefficient varying 0.9755~0.9981 (isoBOC derivatization), and 0.9908~0.9996 (TBDMS derivatization). When these methods were applied to treated wastewater sample from a polyethylene plant, the concentrations of 11 phenols were below the method detection limit.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.284-289
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• 1999

Dissolved inorganic carbonates in ground water were quantitatively recovered by using gas evolution method. Gas evolution method was found to be less time-consuming, less susceptible to the contamination fromatmospheric $CO_2$ and little affected by the sulfate ions in comparison to the direct precipitation method. Extraction efficiency of nearly 99% could be achieved by gas evolution method in two hours using recirculated gas at a sweeping rate of 4 liter per minute. Samples for carbon isotope fractionation study were collected in three fractions with collection times. The evolution time for the first fraction was one hours, and then second and third fractions were collected at intervals of 30 minutes, respectively. A small portion of each fraction was analyzed to evaluate ${\delta}^{13}C$ values, which were measured to be -7.9‰, -3.0‰ and +0,4‰ for the each fraction. The result clearly indicated that gas evolution method generates isotopically lighter carbon at the beginning of the purging process and heavier isotopes at the end. However, this isotope fractionation effect could be neglected by the almost complete recovery of carbonates.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.575-582
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• 1989

An investigation was carried out to improve the quality and yield of barley tea(water extracts) by modifying the roasting method. The modified methods employed were crushing the barley into 4-10 parts and soaking in water at room temperature for 20 minutes followed by roasting (light brown or dark brown) at $250^{\circ}C$ before boiling with water. The varieties of barley used for this study were Ol-bori(with hulls) and Youngsan-bori(without hulls) and the qualities measured were the physical, chemical and sensory characteristics of roasted barley and its extracts. The results showed that the higher solid yields in barley tea was obtained with an increase in soaking and roasting time. The solid yields increased rapidly with extraction time in boiling water until 30 minutes and then slowed down thereafter. However the intrinsic viscosity of barley tea was reduced by increase in soaking and roasting time. The color of barley tea expressed as Hunter L, a, b values showed that lower L value and higher a and b values were measured for those prepared without soaking and with more extensive roasting. Organoleptic evaluation clearly showed that the sensory quality of barley tea was significantly improved in intensity of odor and taste by crushing, soaking and dark brown roasting.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.277-281
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• 2011

A rapid and very sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography/atmospheric-pressure chemical-ionization mass spectrometry method to detect ethylenethiourea (ETU) fungicide residues in fruits was developed. Methylene chloride was used as the surface extraction solvent for the target component. Recovery rates improved when cysteine hydrochloride and sodium carbonate were added to product prior to fortification. The limits of detection and quantification were approximately 0.006 and 0.02 mg/kg, respectively, from mandarin oranges. Recoveries from mandarin oranges, oranges, bananas, and pears, spiked in the range of 0.05-0.5 mg/kg, averaged 80-100%. The proposed method was used to monitor the presence of ETU in commercial fruits purchased from different markets in Seoul, Korea. ETU was found in four orange peels and in three mandarin orange peel samples. The highest ETU residue levels were $73.6{\mu}g/kg$ and $29.8{\mu}g/kg$.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.257-266
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is screening of microfloras involved in hydrolysis of seaweed tenella, seaweed fusiforme and green laver. This is a part of studies on the hydrolysis of seaweed using microorganisms. First, about two hundred microflora samples were obtained from mountain, rice field, dry field, sea, seaside and fish market in the vicinity of Yeosu. Thirty-three microflora samples were screened from the destruction of tissue in sea tangle and sea mustard. It was sufficient that results of the naked eye observation were obtained at eight microflora samples as a feces of bull, a decayed pine tree, a soil of dry field, the mud of the banks in a rice field, the water of a ditch in a rice field, the weed of the banks in a rice field, the water in a rice field and leaved in the air. Above all, extraction rate and contents of reducing sugar in extracts of seaweeds added a decayed pine tree(sample No. 8) and the water of a ditch in a rice field(sample No. 27) were showed high value. And the value of chemical analysis of the sample is much better in comparison with control. Accordingly the hydrolysis of seaweed using microorganisms in the inside of these microflora samples can be possible.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.1052-1059
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• 2011

The contents of bioactive and antioxidative activities (DPPH (${\alpha},{\alpha}'$-diphenyl-${\beta}$-picrylhydrazyl), free radical scavenging activity, peroxidation of linoleic acid and rat hepatocyte microsome, and Fe/Cu reducing power, tyrosinase inhibition activity) were tested by in vitro experimental models using water, hot water, ethanol and methanol extracts of leaves (ASL), roots (ASR), stems (ASS) and fruits (ASF) from Acanthopanax senticosus. Hot water extract from ASL showed the highest extraction yield (16.04%) as well as highest contents of phenolic compounds (2.67%) and flavonoids (1.43%). Major minerals were K, Ca and Mg. In oxidation in vitro models using DPPH free radical scavenging activity, Fe/Cu reducing power, $Fe^{2+}$/ascorbate-induced linoleic acid peroxidation by ferric thiocyanate and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) methods, tyrosinase inhibition activity and autooxidation of rat hepatic microsomes membrane, and antioxidative activities were strong in Acanthopanax senticosus. From these results, ASL extracts were shown to have the most potent antioxidative properties and contain the highest amounts of antioxidative compounds such as phenolic compounds and flavonoids. These results may provide the basic data to understand the biological activities of bio-active materials derived from leaves of Acanthopanax senticosus.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.561-566
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• 2017

Dendropanax morbifera Lev. is known in Korea for its golden sap and medicinal properties. The many biological activities of the leaf and stem extracts suggest that this tree could be a valuable source of medicinal compounds for the treatment of various ailments such as dermatitis, migraines, dysmenorrhea, muscle pain, and infectious diseases. However, there is little information on the composition and biological activity of the volatile fraction of D. morbifera. Therefore, in this study, the volatile compounds in leaves, stems, and sap of D. morbifera were isolated using solvent and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry to reveal their chemical composition and identify potential compounds of interest. Fifteen compounds were identified in the leaf extracts, whereas 29 and 3 compounds were identified in the stem and sap extracts, respectively. The volatile profiles obtained using solvent and SFE differed. Esters and aromatic hydrocarbons predominated in the solvent extract of leaves and SFE extract of stems, whereas the solvent extract of stems and SFE extract of leaves contained terpenoids. Limonene, ${\alpha}$-pinene, and ${\beta}$-myrcene were identified in the volatile extract of sap, with limonene representing 96.30% of the total peak area. In addition, the antiproliferative effects of the solvent extracts of leaves and stems were evaluated, revealing that these solvent extracts were particularly effective in decreasing the proliferation of HepG2 cells.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.46 no.7
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• pp.822-832
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• 2017

This study analyzed contents of organic acids, free sugars, and volatile flavor compounds by type of Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.). Organic acids in dried Jerusalem artichoke were mainly composed of malic acid, citric acid, and succinic acid. Sucrose, fructose, and glucose were the major sugar components of dried Jerusalem artichoke. Free sugars were more abundant in the white colored sample than in the purple colored sample. In contrast, purple colored sample contained more organic acids than the white colored one. Volatile compounds in Jerusalem artichoke were investigated using the solid-phase micro-extraction method of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. A total of 117 volatile compounds were identified in Jerusalem artichoke, and chemical classification was as follows: 5 acids, 13 alcohols, 19 aldehydes, 12 hydrocarbons, 15 ketones, 8 miscellaneous, 27 pyrazines, and 18 terpenes in all samples. Terpene was the most abundant in Jerusalem artichoke, and ${\beta}$-bisabolene was the main component in terpenes. The second most common compound was aldehyde, and hexanal was the highest. Pyrazines were the most abundant in the roasted samples, and 2,5-dimethyl-3-ethylpyrazine was present at the highest level, followed by 2,5-dimethylpyrazine. Compared with purple samples, main compounds contained in white samples were aldehydes and hydrocarbons, whereas the major compounds in purple samples were terpenes and alcohols.