• 제목/요약/키워드: Chemical cooking

검색결과 324건 처리시간 0.022초

섬유의 손상이 적은 한지 제조(제 2보) -닥나무 백피의 K2CO3 증자 특성 (Manufacturing of Korean Traditional Handmade Paper with Reduced Fiber Damage(III)-Potassuim Carbonate Cooking of Paper Mulberry (Broussonetia Kazinoki Sieb))

  • 문성필;임금태
    • 펄프종이기술
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    • 제31권3호
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    • pp.83-89
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    • 1999
  • Bast fibers of paper mulberry ( Broussonetia Kazinoki Sieb) were cooked with a weak alkaline salt, potassium carbonate which has been known as a major inorganic component of the traditional lye, and its cooking characteristics were investigated . The bast fiber was easily cooked by potassium carbonate. The pulp yield was rapidly decreased up to 20-30 mol of potassium carbonate, but the Kappa number was slowly decreased with increasing of potassium carbonate. The potassium carbonate pulps were easily defibered at low cooking chemical charge of 25mm on and high pulp yield of about 80%. These results were confirmed that pectin was easily removed during the potassium carbonate cooking. In contrast, when sodium carbonate was used as a cooling agent, the bast fiber was only partially defibered. Thus, sodium carbonate was a less effective cooling chemical of the bast fiber. The results of this experiment indicated that potassium carbonate could not only be used as a good cooling agent of bast fiber, but also as an alternative agent of sodium hydroxide.

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Effect of Cooking Methods and Fat Levels on the Physico-chemical, Processing, Sensory and Microbial Quality of Buffalo Meat Patties

  • Mohammad, Nisar P.U.;Chatli, M.K.;Sharma, D.K.;Sahoo, J.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제23권10호
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    • pp.1380-1385
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    • 2010
  • Buffalo meat patties with two fat levels, F1 (15% added fat) and F2 (5% added fat and 3% tapioca starch), were cooked in a pre-heated hot air oven (HO) at $175{\pm}2^{\circ}C$ for 15 min, in a microwave oven (MO) for 70 sec and by pressure cooking (PC) at 15 psi pressure for 10 min. and compared for physico-chemical, processing, sensory and microbiological quality attributes. F2 had significantly (p<0.05) higher value for the moisture and moisture protein ratio than F1. However, MO and PC patties had significantly (p<0.05) higher moisture content than HO-cooked buffalo meat patties irrespective of fat content. Highest fat percentage was in MO patties while the minimum was in PC patties. Moisture and fat retention and cooking yield were highest in MO patties irrespective of added fat content in the formulation. Cooking yield and dimensional parameters were better maintained in F2 than F1. Sensory scores viz. appearance and color, flavour, juiciness and texture for HO patties were better than other cooking methods. Sensory panelists rated overall acceptability of HO patties very good to excellent, whereas PC and MO patties were rated as good to very good irrespective of fat content. Microbiological quality was comparable in both groups irrespective of cooking methods used.

유지식품의 조리 중 기능성분의 변화 (Changes of Functional Components Present in Lipid Foods during Cooking)

  • 최은옥
    • 한국식품조리과학회지
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    • 제21권5호
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    • pp.742-758
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    • 2005
  • Lipid-based functional components present in foods undergo chemical changes during cooking. Useful n-3 and n-6 fatty acids, phytosterols, tocopherols, and carotenoids are degraded by thermal cooking such as frying, resulting in loss of their physiological functions. However, conjugated linoleic acid and diacylglycerols can be formed during heating, which would be beneficial to the health. Degree of degradation and formation of the functional components depends on the cooking method, cooking temperature and time, lipid matrix containing the components, and the presence of other materials. Although it is clear that the content of each functional component varies during long-heating in a model system consisting of small numbers of components, the real foods cooked in a small scale for a limited cooking time do not show highly significant differences in the functional components contents from raw food materials.

취반(炊飯)중 쌀성분(成分)의 화학적(化學的) 변화(變化) 및 휘발성(揮發性) Carbonyl 성분(成分)의 생성(生成) (Chemical Changes and Volatile Carbonyl Formation Occurred in Rice during Cooking Process)

  • 최홍식
    • 한국식품영양과학회지
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    • 제14권1호
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    • pp.61-66
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    • 1985
  • 취반(炊飯) 중의 가열반응(加熱反應)에 의하여 일어나는 주요 쌀성분(成分)의 화학적(化學的) 변화(變化) 및 휘발성(揮發性) carbonyl 화합물(化合物)의 생성(生成) 양상(樣相)을 쌀밥 및 누른밥으로 나누어 살펴 본 결과는 다음과 같다. 취반에 의한 가열반응(加熱反應) 결과 총(總)아미노산 및 유리아미노산 중의 몇 가지 아미노산이 감소되었으며 그 감소율은 유리아미노산에서 더 높았고, 환원당 역시 감소되었다. 또한 유지획분에 있어서 구성지방산 조성(組成)의 경미한 변화, 요오드가(價)의 감소, 지방산(價)의 증가 등을 주목할 수 있었다. 한편 휘발성향기성분에서 carbonyl 화합물을 분리하여 GC, GC-MS, TLC 방법에 따라 잠정적으로 8개의 carbonyls을 확인하였고(4개는 완전히 동정(同定)함) 이들의 조성을 비교하였다. 전반적으로 쌀밥보다는 누른밥에서 이와 같은 화학적 변화가 심하였고 쌀밥과 누른밥의 주요 휘발성 carbonyl 화합물 조성도 상이(相異)하였다. 그리고 이러한 취반과정에서는 변화와 관련되는 가열반응(加熱反應) mechanism을 아울러 검토하였다.

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Impact of Cooking pH Values on the Textural and Chemical Properties for Processed Cheeses with/without the Use of Traditional Village Cheese during Storage

  • Bulut-Solak, Birsen;Akin, Nihat
    • 한국축산식품학회지
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    • 제39권4호
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    • pp.541-554
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    • 2019
  • Processed cheeses (PCs) were made under varying cooking pH values (5.3, 5.4, 5.5, and 5.6) using a processed cheese cooker. Along with emulsifying salts (2.5%), distilled water, NaCl (2%) and a colouring agent under these cooking pH values, the PC samples made with either 100% fresh curd and rennet casein coded processed cheese control ($PC_C$) as control or ~70% fresh curd-~30% traditional village cheese coded processed cheese with village cheese ($PC_V$). The main aim of this study was to determine the effect of the varying cooking pH values on the textural properties for the PCv samples compared with the control sample during 90 days of storage. Chemical and textural properties of all PC samples were investigated over time. The chemical compositions of the PC samples (dry matter and ash) increased at d 90 of storage significantly, due to 1-d ripening of all PC samples at ambient temperature in terms of the manufacturing protocol of the cheese. The textural properties of the PC samples were altered by the varying cooking pH values. It may propose that the interactions of the proteins at the cooking pH values during processing and biochemical mechanisms in the cheese systems could likely affect the texture of the PC samples over time. Hardness, gumminess and chewiness values of all PC samples also increased over time (p<0.05). This study is also to give some knowledge on the design of PC manufacture to cheese makers, and a marketing opportunity to local cheese makers who individually make a traditional village cheese in Turkey.

해동조건에 따른 냉동밥의 밥맛 비교 (Eating Qualities of Frozen Cooked Rice on the Thawing Condition)

  • 오명숙
    • 대한가정학회지
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    • 제35권2호
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    • pp.147-157
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    • 1997
  • It attempted to determine the effect of various thawing methods, such as pressure cooking, conventional cooking, microwave heating and thawing at room temperature, on the quality of frozen cooked rice using Nongan variety of rice. These effects were analysed at three different periods-after 10 days, 30 days and 90 days. It conducted a physico-chemical analysis(moisture content, dehydration rates, color value and texture) and sensory evaluation o the frozen-thawed cooked rice. The study showed that there were no significant differences on the frozen-thawed cooked rice. The study showed that there were no significant differences on the quality characteristics of frozen-thawed cooked rice during the storage of 90 days. However, the thawing method of pressure cooking caused high moisture content and decrease in hardness on the cooked rice, the desirability for the rice didn't diminish compared with the cooked rice just after cooking. the quality characteristics of the cooked rice after frozen-thawing by conventional cooking and microwave heating were similar with that of the cooked rice just after cooking. thawing at room temperature caused a significant decrease in quality characteristics.

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조리방법에 따른 쇠고기 안심스테이크의 이화학적 변화 (Changes of Physico-Chemical Properties of Beef Tenderloin Steak by Cooking Methods)

  • 김천제;채영철;이의수
    • 한국축산식품학회지
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    • 제21권4호
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    • pp.314-322
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    • 2001
  • 본 실험은 조리방법(Grilling, Pan-frying, Oven-roasting, Microwaving)에 따른 쇠고기 안심 스테이크의 이·화학적 변화를 조사하기 위하여 일반성분, pH, 근원섬유 소편화지수, 색도, 가열감량, 물성(Rheology) 및 관능검사(Panel test)를 실시하였다. 조리방법에 따른 일반 성분은 microwaving 방법에서 다른 조리방법에 비하여 낮은 수분함량과 높은 지방함량을 나타냈다. pH는 조리후 다소 상승하였으나 조리방법에 따른 pH 차이는 없었으며, 육색의 변화에 있어서 L*과 b* -값은 microwaving과 pan-frying방법에서 grilling이나 oven-roasting 방법에서 가장 낮게 나타났다. 조리방법에 따른 근원섬유 소편화도는 oven-roasting 방법에서 가장 높게 나타났으나 조리방법간의 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 가열감량은 microwaving 방법에 의한 조리육에서 가장 많았다. 조리육이 물성에 있어서 경도와 부서짐성은 다른 조리방법에 비하여 microwave oven을 이용한 조리방법에서 높게 나타났으며, 응집성은 microwaving 방법에서 가장 낮은 값을 나타냈다. 그러나 탄력성은 모든 조리방법들간에 유의적인 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 관능검사에 있어서 grilling, pan-frying과 oven-roasting 방법은 우수한 것으로 평가되었으며, microwaving은 전 항목에서 가장 낮은 점수를 얻었다.

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조리조건이 연계백숙의 성분과 관능적 품질에 미치는 영향 (Study on Rheological Characterization and Chemical Composition by Cooking Method of Yeongebacksuk (Korean traditional cooked chicken))

  • 장영수;이효지
    • 한국식품조리과학회지
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    • 제4권2호
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    • pp.31-38
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    • 1988
  • 연계백숙의 기본 recipe를 선정하고 조리조건을 달리했을 때 근육과 국물에 대한 성분과 관능적 품질에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 관능검사, 기계적 검사, 성분분석을 한 결과를 다음과 같이 요약할 수 있다. 1. 기본 recipe 선정재래식 방법인 남비조리는 닭 700 g. 찹쌀 100 g, 마늘 30 g, 물 2000 cc에 시간은 60분이고, 압력솥 조리는 닭 700 g, 찹쌀 100 g, 마늘 30 g, 물 2000 cc에 시간은 30분이고, 전자렌지 조리는 닭 700 g, 찹쌀 100 g, 마늘 30 g, 물 2000 cc에 시간은 30분이었다. 2. 관능검사 \circled1 국물의 색상은 세가지 조리법으로 조리한 연계백숙간에 유의적인 차이가 없었다. \circled2 탁도는 남비조리, 전자렌지조리, 압력솥조리의 순으로 맑았으며, 남비조리는 압력솥조리와 전자렌지 조리와 유의적인 차이가 있었다(p< 0.05). \circled3 점도는 세가지 조리조건간에 유의적인 차이가 없었다. \circled4 입속의 감촉과 맛은 남비조리가 가장 좋았으며 압력솥조리와 전자렌지조리는 별 차이 가 없었다. \circled5 건데기는 세가지 조리 조건간에 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 3. 기계적 검사 \circled1 Rheometer로 측정한 건데기의 절단력시험은 세가지 조건에서 모두 다리살이 가슴살보다 질겼다. 질긴정도는 전자렌지조리, 남비조리, 압력솥조리의 순이었다. \circled2 밥알의 점도는 남비조리, 압력솥조리, 전자렌지조리의 순으로 낮았다. \circled3 Spectrophotometer로 측정한 국물의 탁도는 남비조리, 압력솥조리, 전자렌지조리의 순으로 탁했다. 4. 일반성분 \circled1단백질은 근육이 20.30~24.67%, 국물은 0.29~0.72%였다. \circled2지방은 근육이 27.29~47.15%, 국물은 37~68.38%였다. \circled3 Ca은 근육이 0.53-0.97mg, 국물은 0.34-0.69mg이었다. \circled4 P은 근육이 2.75~3.6mg, 국물은 1.15~6.3mg이었다. \circled5 Fe은 근육이 1.17-1.39mg, 국물은 0.96mg이었다.

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조리방법에 따른 삼겹살의 물리화학적 특성 변화 (Physico-Chemical Changes in Pork Bellies with Different Cooking Methods)

  • 양종범;고명수;김광수
    • 한국식품저장유통학회지
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    • 제16권1호
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    • pp.87-93
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    • 2009
  • 삼겹살을 먹을 때, 동물성 지방의 섭취를 줄일 수 있는 효과적인 조리방법을 제시하기 위하여 삼겹살을 삶기, 찌기, 굽기 및 튀기기의 방법으로 가열조리한 후, 물리화학적 특성의 변화를 조사하였다. 가열조리에 의하여 전체적으로 수분 양은 감소하고 지질 양은 증가하였는데, 이에 따른 가열감량, 탈수량 및 탈유량은 튀기기와 삶기 처리구에서 높았다. 시료의 pH는 삶기 처리구에서 가장 많이 증가하였고, 시료로부터 추출한 지질의 산가와 굴절율은 튀기기 처리구에서 가장 많이 증가하였다. 경도, 점착성 및 저작성은 삶기에 의하여 크게 증가하였으나 튀기기 처리구에서는 크게 감소하였고, 탄력성은 삶기 처리구에서 가장 많이 감소하였으며, 응집성은 찌기 처리구에서 가장 많이 증가하였다. CIE $L^*$값은 찌기 처리구에서는 크게 증가하였지만 튀기기 처리구에서는 크게 감소하였고, CIE $a^*$값은 전체적으로 감소하였는데 삶기 처리구에서 가장 많이 감소하였으며, CIE $b^*$값은 삶기와 찌기 처리구에서는 감소하였지만 굽기와 튀기기 처리구에서는 증가하였다. 생 삼겹살 지방을 구성하는 지방산에는 oleic acid(42.4%), palmitic acid(23.9%)와 linoleic acid(16.1%)가 많았으며, 포화지방산에 대한 단일불포화지방산의 비율은 1.190 그리고 포화지방산에 대한 고도불포화지방산의 비율은 0.466 이었다. 가열조리 방법에 따른 시료의 지방산 조성은 튀기기 처리구를 제외하고는 거의 변화가 없었다. 따라서 삼겹살을 먹을 때 동물성 지방의 섭취를 줄일 수 있는 효과적인 조리방법은 삶기라고 판단된다.

Nutritional Improvement of Masoor(Lens esculenta) by Supplementation with Different Kinds of Meat

  • Nighat Bhatty;Nagra, Saeed-Ahmad
    • Nutritional Sciences
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    • 제3권2호
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    • pp.66-70
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    • 2000
  • The study was conducted to determine the nutiritional value of Masoor (Lens esculenta) in raw and cooked forms. Supplement value of various types of meat i.e. poultry, mutton and beef at 10, 15, and 20 percent levels for dite containing cooked Masoor was also assessed. Nutritional value of Masoor was determined by chemical analysis as well as through rat assay. Masoor contained an average of 23.18 percent protein and less than two percent fibre. Conventional method of cooking resulted in about 2 per cent increase in Masoor protein. Masoor had 0.83 percent of lysine and cooking destroyed 18 percent of it. Other amino acids in Masoor also showed losses on cooking. Protein efficiency ratio (PER) of diets containing raw Masoor was 1.49 and was reduced to 1.44 by cooking. Cooking of Masoor did not alter true digestibility (TD) percentage. However, net protein utilization (NPU) was improved from 44.60 in raw to 47.77 in cooked. Diets containing cooked Masoor and supplemented with different types of meat significantly improved PER (1.45 to 1.65), TD 76.03 to 87.84 percent and NPU 42.84 to 50.72 percent over non supplemented diets. 20 percent level of supplemented meat showed comparatively better results than other levels in case of improvement in PER, TD and NPU.

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