• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.241-246
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• 2004

To develop novel anti-aging peptides from the germinated black rice, we treated with bromelain, papain and Pronase E. And we investigated the effects of the germinated black rice peptide (GBRP) as anti-aging cosmetic ingredients, and compared with the non-germinated black rice protein (NBRP). We investigated the effects on in vitro inhibition of matrix-metalloprotease (MMP), proliferation of human skin fibroblasts, stimulation of collagen synthesis and expression of UVA-induced MMPs in human skin fibroblasts, UVA induced MMP-1 expression and collagen contents in human skin fibroblasts were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). As a result, the molecular weight distributions of GBRP and NBRP were determined by gel permeation chromatography to be approximately 900 and 10,000 daltons. GBRP increased skin cell proliferation about 40% and reduced UVA-induced MMP-1 expression about 50%. Also the collagen protein level of cells, which were cultured with GBRP, was increased about 25%. These results suggest that the geminated plant seed peptides can be novel anti-aging ingredients for cosmetics.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.199-205
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• 2008

In this study, we fabricated poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) scaffold modified with small intestinal submucosa (SIS) as a drug delivery matrix of bioactive molecules. SIS derived from the submucosa layer of porcine intestine has been widely used as biomaterial because of low immune response. PLGA scaffold was prepared by the method of solvent casting/salt leaching. Novel composite scaffolds of SIS/PLGA were manufactured by simple immersion method of PLGA scaffold in SIS solution under vacuum. SEM observation shows that PLGA and SIS/PLGA scaffolds have interconnective and open pores. Especially, SIS/PLGA scaffold showed that micro-sponge of SIS with interconnected pore structures were formed in the pores of PLGA scaffold. In order to assay release profile of proteins, we manufactured FITC conjugated BSA loaded PLGA and SIS/PLGA scaffold. And the release amount was identified by fluorescence intensity using the fluorescence spectrophotometer. The initial burst of BSA containing SIS/PLGA scaffolds was lower than that of PLGA scaffolds resulting in constant release. And release of BSA in SIS/PLGA scaffold was fast and incremental because of the increased content of BSA. In conclusion, we confirmed that penetrated SIS solution prevented the initial burst of BSA and PLGA modified with SIS scaffold is useful as protein carriers with controlled release pattern.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.21 no.1 s.96
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• pp.42-48
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• 2006

Bacillus subtilis KMU-13 was isolated from the Lillehammer forest soils at Norway and shown a strong antifungal activity on cucumber scab, Cladosporium cucumerinum KACC 40576. B. subtilis KMU-13 produced a maximum level of antifungal substance under incubation aerobically at $30^{\circ}C$, 180 rpm for 48 hours in LB broth containing 0.5% maltose and 0.5% bactopeptone and initial pH adjusted to 6.0. Butanol extract of cultured broth was confirmed inhibitory zone by plate assay and Rf 0.64 value substance by thin layer chromatography (TLC) represented high antifungal activity against C. cucumerinum KACC 40576 and also shown fungal growth inhibitory activity against Botytis cinerea KACC 40573, C. gloeosporioides KACC 40804, D. byoniae KACC 40669, F. oxysporum KACC 40037, F. oxysporum KACC 40052, F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici KACC 40537, F. oxysporum KACC 40902, M. cannonballus KACC 40940, P. cambivora KACC 40160, R. soiani AG-1 KACC 40101, R. solani AG-4 KACC 40142, and S. scleotiorum KACC by agar diffusion method.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.371-377
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• 2007

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are a family of microbial polyesters that can be produced by fermentation from renewable resources. PHAs can be used as completely biodegradable plastics or elastomers. In this paper, novel applications of PHAs in biosensor are described. A general platform technology was developed by using the substrate binding domain (SBD) of PHA depolymerase as a fusion partner to immobilize proteins of interest on PHA surface. It could be shown that the proteins fused to the SBD of PHA depolymerase could be specifically immobilized onto PHA film, PHA microbead, and microcontact printed PHA surface. We review the results obtained for monitoring the specific interaction between the SBO and PHA by using enhanced green fluorescent protein, red fluorescent protein, single chain antibody against hepatitis B virus preS2 surface protein and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus surface antigen as model proteins. Thus, this system can be efficiently used for studying protein-protein and possibly protein-biomolecule interactions for various biotechnological applications.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.396-400
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• 2015

Enterobacteriaceae is one of the major families responsible for public health threats. Due to the emergence of pathogens with antibiotic resistance, great concern has been raised regarding the prevalence of antibiotic resistant bacteria in natural environments. Therefore, the diversity of Gram negative Enterobacteriaceae was investigated in water samples collected from five streams in Korea using the cultivation method. Profiling of multi-drug resistance was conducted with isolates via disk diffusion assay. The results indicated that the Gram negative Enterobacteriaceae consisted of the following genus; Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Escherichia, Klebsiella, Kluyvera, Pantoea, Plesiomonas, Raoultella, Shigella and Enterobacter. These latter strains represented 49% of identified isolates. In addition, 78.3% of the identified genus exhibited resistance against more than seven out of thirteen tested antibiotics, suggesting a high prevalence of multi-drug resistant bacteria in natural environments.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.39-46
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• 2004

The amount of electric furnace dust has been steadily increasing due to the increase of iron scraps which are usually recycled by electric furnace melting process. To date, this electric furnace dust has usually been treated by landfilling, however, because of shortage of landfill sites and heavy metal leaching more desirable treatment schemes are urgently needed. Among several possible schemes for the proper treatment of electric furnace dust, its recycling can be said to be most desirable. In present study, the triboelectrostatic separation of zinc and zinc-containing components from electric furnace dust was attempted based on its physicochemical properties such as particle shape, size distribution, and chemical assay. The dust was found to be mixed with spherical and non-spherical shaped particles and its major component materials were $ZnFe_2$$O_4$, ZnO, Fe, Zn, and FeO. The content of zinc-containing components in the entire dust was observed to be in the range of 15～30 wt%, which reasonably justified that zinc is recyclable. The triboelectrostatic characteristic of each component material was found to be different each other since their work functions were different, and based on this characteristic zinc and zinc-containing component could be flirty separated from the dust. After selecting a proper tribo-elec-trification material, the separation features of zinc and zinc-containing component were examined by taking the distance of electrodes, electric field strength, and scavenging as the experimental variables. The highest zinc-content obtained under the optimal separating condition was found to be up to 50wt%.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.61-69
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• 2010

S.M.C (DSME), only operating gold mine in Korea, is processing about 160 ton/day to recover gold and more than 150 ton/day of tailing is produced. Some portion of the tailings are used as a filler material after drying, but most of them are stored on the tailing dam. As a result of chemical analysis by a fire assay method, it contained Au 1.5~2.0 g/ton and 225~300 g per day of gold is getting discarded. It is urgent to develop a technology to recover and reutilize Au. In the present study, flotation tests were carried out to recovery gold for the tailings. Test results show that products with gold grade 21.31 g/ton(Au grade) and 62.73% (Au recovery) were obtained under the optimal conditions including KAX addition rate 97.2 g/ton, frother AF 65 (0.248 l/ton) and depressant sodium silicate (4 kg/ton), it's possible to recover one of the most valuable metal Au, by re-feeding to rougher flotation.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.85-91
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• 2014

Deoxynivalenol (DON) and related trichothecene mycotoxins are extensively distributed in the cereal-based food and feed stuffs worldwide. Recent climate changes and global grain trade increased chance of exposure to more DON and related toxic metabolites in poorly managed production systems. Monitoring the biological and environmental exposures to the toxins are crucial in protecting human and animals from toxicities of the hazardous contaminants in food or feeds. Exposure biomarkers including urine DON itself are prone to shift to less harmful metabolites by intestinal microbiota and liver metabolic enzymes. De-epoxyfication of DON by gut microbes such as Eubacterium strain BBSH 797 and Eubacterium sp. DSM 11798 leads to more fecal secretion of DOM-1. By contrast, most of plant-derived DON-glucoside is also easily catabolized to free DON by gut microbes, which produces more burden to body. Phase 2 hepatic metabolism also contributes to the glucuronidation of DON, which can be useful urine biomarkers. However, chemical modification could be very typical depending on the anthropologic or genetic background, luminal bacteria, and hepatic metabolic enzyme susceptibility to the toxins in the diet. After toxin exposure, effect biomarkers are also important in estimating the linkage and mechanisms of foodborne diseases in human and animal population. Most prominent adverse effects are demonstrated in the DON-induced immunological and behavioral disorders. For instance, acutely elevated interleukin-8 from insulted gut exposed to dietaty DON is a dominant clinical biomarker in human and animals. Moreover, subchronic exposure to the toxins is associated with high levels of serum IgA, a biological mediator of IgA nephritis. In particular, anorexia monitoring using mouse models are recently developed to monitor the biological activities of DON-induced feed refusal. It is also mechanistically linked to alteration of serotoin and peptide YY, which are promising biomarkers of neurological disorders by the toxins. As animal-alternative biomonitoring, huamn enterocyte-based assay has been developed and more realistic gut mimetic models would be useful in monitoring the effect biomarkers in resposne to toxic contaminants in the future investigations.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.26 no.8
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• pp.620-630
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• 2003

The proliferative effects of thirty Oriental medicinal herbs on MCF-7 (estrogen-sensitive breast cancer cell line) and ROS 17/2.8 osteoblast-like cells were determined using the MTT assay. Methanol extracts from several herbs was found to show proliferative activity on the above two cell lines in the range of 5 to 100 $\mu$g/mL. Among these active herbs, the methanol extract from the rhizomes of Drynaria fortunei showed the most potent proliferative activity, and the cell proliferations were significantly increase by 136 and 158% in the MCF-7 and ROS 17/2.8 cells, respectively, when treated with 100 $\mu$ g/mL. Through a bioassay-guided separation, eight flavonoids, including four new flavan-3-ols and two propelargonidins, together with the known (-)-epiafzelechin and naringin, were isolated. Their chemical structures were characterized as (-)-epiafzelechin (1), (-)-epiafzelechin-3-O-$\beta$-D-allopyranoside (2), (-)-epiafzelechin-3-O-(6"-O-acetyl)-$\beta$-D-allopyranoside (3), 4$\beta$-carboxymethyl-(-)-epiafzelechin methyl ester (4), 4$\beta$-car-boxymethyl-(-)-epiafzelechin sodium salt (5), naringin (6), (-)-epiafzelechin-(4$\beta$\rightarrow8)-4$\beta$-car-boxymethylepiafzelechin methyl ester (7) and (-)-epiafzelechin-($4\beta\rightarrow8, 2\beta\rightarrowΟ\rightarrow7)-epiafzelechin-(4\beta\righarrow8)-epiafzelechin (8) by extensive 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. Most of these flavonoids, in the range of $10^{-15}∼10^{-6}$ M, accelerated the proliferation of MCF-7 cell, with compounds 7 and 8, in the range of $10^{-15}∼10^{-12}$ M, showing especially potent proliferation effects. Meanwhile, seven flavonoids, with the exception of compound 4, stimulated the proliferation of ROS 17/2.8 cells in the range of $10^{-15}∼10^{-6}$ M, with compounds 5-8 especially accelerating the proliferation, in dose-dependent manners ($10^{-15}∼10^{-9}$ M), and their proliferative effect was much stronger than that of $E_2$ and genistein. These results suggest that propelargonidin dimers and trimers isolated from the rhizomes of Drynaria fortunei may be useful as potential phytoestrogens, which play important physiological roles in the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.483-489
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• 2017

Phloridzin is a predominant member of the chemical class of dihydrochalcones and mainly found in apple. The biological activity of phloridzin treated with dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma was evaluated to investigate whether exposure to plasma can be used as a tools to enhance the biological activity of natural resources. DBD plasma treatment of phloridzin was carried out for three different exposure times. The antioxidant effects of degraded phloridzin for different reaction time were evaluated via radical scavenging assay using DPPH radical. In addition, the anti-diabetic and anti-obesity properties of the degraded phloridzin were measured based on ${\alpha}$-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase inhibitory activities. Phloridzin treated for 60 min showed significantly higher radical scavenging, ${\alpha}$-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase inhibitory activities compared to the tested positive controls. Degradation of phloridizin induced by DBD plasma might be responsible for enhancing the biological activity of phloridizin.