• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.51-55
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• 2007

본 연구는 염화아연을 이용한 화학약품 부활법으로 잣나무재 활성탄을 제조하기 위해 원료에 대한 화학약품부활제 비율의 영향을 검토하였다. 염화아연과 혼합한 목분은 질소분위기에서 상온에서 $600^{\circ}C$까지 1시간 열처리하여 중량변화를 측정하였다. 이 처리과정에 있어 활성탄 내부에 다양한 공극크기 분포와 표면특성이 확인되었다. 즉, 최대 BET 표면적과 총 공극체적은 목분에 대하여 염화아연의 비율이 5배인 경우였으며, 각각 그 값은 $1468m^2/g$와 1.74 cc/g이었다. 결론적으로 활성탄 제조시 화학약품부활제의 비율에 의해 활성탄의 특성이 뚜렷하게 차이가 나타나는 것이 확인되었다.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.68-78
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• 2008

국내에서 대표적으로 버려지는 폐벌목인 잣나무와 리기다소나무를 이용하여 고부가가치 제품으로 활용할 수 있는 활성탄 개발을 위해 활성탄 제조의 최적조건을 측정하였다. 폐벌목 활성탄 제조에 관한 연구는 저온열분해 공정에 의한 폐벌목의 목탄 제조공정과 화학적 활성화 반응을 이용한 목탄의 활성탄 제조공정으로 나누어지며 본 논문은 화학적 활성화 반응을 이용한 목탄의 활성탄 제조공정을 다루고 있다. 일반적으로 활성화제는 알칼리 약품을 이용하고 있으며 본 연구에서는 탄소와 활성화 반응이 잘 이루어지는 KOH와 NaOH를 사용하였다. 실험결과, KOH로 제조된 활성탄이 NaOH로 제조된 활성탄 보다 요오드 흡착력과 비표면적(BET) 등 물성이 우수하였으며 이는 세정공정 후 활성탄의 잔류물이 KOH는 검출되지 않았으나 NaOH는 $3{\sim}4%$의 잔류물이 있는 것으로 보아 목탄과 KOH의 반응이 더 활발함을 알 수 있었다. 일반적으로 잣나무를 이용하여 제조된 활성탄의 물성치가 리기다소나무를 이용한 활성탄 보다 우수함을 알 수 있었다. 목탄과 활성화제의 최적 침적비율은 400 wt.%임을 알 수 있었다 세정방법은 5M 염산용액으로 세척하여 중화시킨 후 증류수로 세정하는 방법이 활성탄의 물성을 높일 수 있었다. 본 연구의 최적 실험조건에서 잣나무를 이용하여 제조된 활성탄의 경우 BET값이 약 $2400\;m^2/g$에 이르렀다.

• Carbon letters
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.126-132
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• 2003

Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) has been proven to be an excellent material for many industrial applications. A systematic study has been carried out of the kinetics of physical as well as chemical activation of phenolic resin chars. Physical activation was carried out using $CO_2$ and chemical activation using KOH as activating agent. There are number of factors which influence the rate of activation. The activation temperature and residence time at HTT varied in the range $550{\sim}1000^{\circ}C$ and $\frac{1}{2}{\sim}8$ hrs respectively. Kinetic studies show that the rate of chemical activation is 10 times faster than physical activation even at much lower temperature. Above study show that the chemical activation process is suitable to prepare granular activated carbon with very high surface area i.e.$ 2895\;m^2/g$ in short duration of time i.e. 1 to 2 hrs at lower temperature i.e. $750^{\circ}C$ from phenolic resins.

• 청정기술
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.31-37
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• 2009

본 연구는 하수슬러지 탄화물과 활성화제의 화학적 활성화반응을 이용한 활성탄 제조공정을 다루고 있다. 일반적으로 활성화제로는 알칼리 약품을 이용하는데 본 연구에서는 탄소와 활성화반응이 잘 이루어지는 KOH와 NaOH를 사용하였다. 실험결과, KOH로 제조된 활성탄이 NaOH로 제조된 활성탄보다 요오드 흡착력과 비표면적(BET) 등의 물성이 우수하였다. 하수슬러지 탄화물과 활성화제의 최적 침적비율은 KOH 75 wt%, NaOH 50 wt%임을 알 수 있었다. 5 M 염산용액으로 세척하여 중화시킨 후 증류수로 세정하는 활성탄 세정방법을 사용하였다. 본 연구의 최적 실험조건에서 하수슬러지 탄화물을 이용하여 제조된 활성탄의 경우 BET표면적 값이 약 $600m^2/g$에 이르렀다.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.281-288
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• 2010

A carbon doped $TiO_2$ (C-$TiO_2$) photocatalyst, which shows good photocatalytic activity to Ultraviolet irradiation and visible irradiation, was successfully prepared by co-grinding of $TiO_2$ with ethanol or Activated Carbon(C), followed by heat treatment at $200^{\circ}C$ in air for 60 min. Ethanol and C were used as a representative agent of liquid and solid for carbon doping. Their influence on improving photocatalytic ability and carbon doping degree was studied with degradation of methyl orange and XPS analysis. The product prepared by co-grinding of $TiO_2$ with Ethanol had Ti-C and C-O chemical bonds and showed higher photocatalytic activity than the product prepared by co-grinding of $TiO_2$ with C, where just C-O chemical bond existed. As a result, mechanochemical route is useful to prepare a carbon doped $TiO_2$ photocatalyst activating to visible irradiation, where the solid-liquid operation is more effective than solid-solid operation to obtain a carbon doped $TiO_2$.

• Carbon letters
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.105-108
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• 2001

In this work, the activated carbons (ACs) with high micropores were synthesized from the polystyrene (PS) with KOH as activating agent. And the influence of activation temperature on porosity of the ACs studied was investigated. The porous structures of ACs were characterized by nitrogen adsorption at 77K using BET and D-R equations, and MP and BJH methods. The weight loss behaviors of the samples impregnated with KOH were also monitored using thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). As a result, it was found that the samples could be successfully converted into ACs with well-developed micropores. From the results of pore size analysis, it was confirmed that elevated activation temperature does lead to the formation and deepening of microstructures without significant change in mesostructures. A thermogravimetric study showed that KOH could suppress the thermal decomposition of the sample, resulting in the increase of carbon yields.

• Carbon letters
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.134-136
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• 2007

In this work, activated carbons (ACs) were prepared from polystyrene-based cation-exchangeable resin (PSI) by a chemical activation with KOH as an activating agent. The surface morphologies were observed by using SEM, and the textural properties were investigated by using nitrogen adsorption at 77 K. From the experimental results, it was found that the well-developed micro- and mesopores were produced by a chemical activation, and the textural properties including specific surface areas and pore volumes were greatly enhanced. The electrochemical behaviors of the ACs showed similar phenomena with that of textural properties. These results indicated that KOH activation played an important role in the changes of surface, and pore structures, resulting in enhancing the electrochemical properties of the ACs prepared in present work.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.81-92
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• 2016

1,3-Diphenylguanidine (DPG) is commonly used as a secondary accelerator which not only acts as booster of cure but also activating silanization reaction. The aim of this study is to increase the interaction between silica and rubber by using DPG. In this study, mixing was proceeded in two steps. The T-1 compound is mixed DPG with silica and silane coupling agent in the kneader at high temperature which is named as $1^{st}$ mixing step. T-3 compound is mixed DPG with curatives in the two-roll mill at low temperature which is named as $2^{nd}$ mixing step. The T-2 compound is mixed a half of DPG in $1^{st}$ mixing step and the remainder is mixed in $2^{nd}$ mixing step. Total DPG content was equal for all compounds. When DPG is mixed with silica, silane coupling agent during the $1^{st}$ mixing step, a decrease in cure rate and an increase in scorch time can be seen. This indicates that DPG is adsorbed on the surface of silica. during rubber processing. However, bound rubber content is increased and dynamic properties are improved. These results are due to the highly accelerated silanization reaction. However, there are no significant difference in 100%, 300% modulus.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2011년도 춘계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.93.2-93.2
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• 2011

In this work, graphite nanofibers (GNFs) were prepared for using catalyst supports in fuel cells. The GNFs were chemically activated to obtain high surface area and small pore diameter with different potassium hydroxide (KOH) amounts, i.e., 0, 1, 3, 4, and 5 g as an activating agent. And then Pt-Ru was deposited onto activated GNFs (A-GNFs) by chemical reduction method. The characteristics of Pt-Ru catalysts deposited onto A-GNFs were determined by specific surface area and pore size analyzer, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and inductive coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). The electrochemical properties of Pt-Ru/A-GNFs catalysts were also analyzed by cyclic voltammetry (CV) experiments. From the results, the A-GNFs carbon supports activated with 4 g of KOH (A4g-GNFs) showed that the highest specific surface areas. In addition, the A4g-GNFs led to uniform dispersion of Pt-Ru onto A4g-GNFs, resulting in the enhancement of electrochemical activity of Pt-Ru catalysts.

• Carbon letters
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.203-209
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• 2008

The objective of this work is to study the feasibility of the preparation of the activated carbon (AC) from coconut tree flowers using high temperature fluidized bed reactor (HTFBR). The activating agent used in this work is steam. The reactor was operated at various activation temperature (650, 700, 750, 800 and $850^{\circ}C$) and activation time (30, 60, 120 and 240 min) for the production of AC from coconut tree flowers. Effect of activation time and activation temperature on the quality of the AC preparation was observed. Prepared AC was characterized in-terms of iodine number, methylene blue number, methyl violet number, ethylene glycol mono ethyl ether (EGME) surface area and SEM photographs. The best quality of AC from coconut tree flowers (CFC) was obtained at an activation temperature and time of $850^{\circ}C$ and 1 hr restectively. The effectiveness of carbon prepared from coconut tree flowers in adsorbing crystal violet from aqueous solution has been studied as a function of agitation time, carbon dosage, and pH. The adsorption of crystal violet onto AC followed second order kinetic model. Adsorption data were modeled using both Langmuir and Freundlich classical adsorption isotherms. The adsorption capacity $q_m$ was 277.78 mg/g., equilibrium time was found to be 180 min. This adsorbent from coconut tree flowers was found to be effective for the removal of CV dye.