• Title/Summary/Keyword: Chemical Mixing

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Refractive Index and Excess Volume for Diisopropylamine + Isomeric Butanol Mixtures in terms of Nakata and Sakurai model

  • Kumari, Kavitha;Maken, Sanjeev
    • Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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    • v.59 no.4
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    • pp.644-651
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    • 2021
  • Alkyl amines are widely used in various industries. Nowadays these are also used in CO2 capture technology because amines react with CO2 and remove it from the flue gas. To make the amines more compatible towards this technology, physico chemical properties may be altered by mixing with other solvents. In the present report, we measured the refractive properties of pure diisopropylamine (DIPA) (1) + isomeric butanol (2) at 298.15 K to 308.15 K. The 𝚫n values were positive for DIPA + n-butanol or sec-butanol or isobutanol or tert-butanol mixtures. The measured data was correlated with Redlich-Kister equation. The excess molar volume data were predicted from refractive index data using Nakata and Sakurai model. The experimental data were also predicted by various correlations, and the prediction capability of these correlations was reported through standard deviation. Further, the deviation in refractive index (𝚫n) data was interpreted by the consideration of specific molecular interactions between DIPA and isomeric butanol.

Mechanical Properties of Organoclay filled NR/BR Blends (Organoclay로 보강된 NR/BR Blends의 기계적 특성)

  • Kim, W.;Kim, S.K.;Kim, S.K.;Chuug, K.H.;Byun, J.Y.
    • Elastomers and Composites
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    • v.39 no.1
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    • pp.51-60
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    • 2004
  • The cure, viscoelastic and mechanical characteristics of organoclay filled NR/BR blends were studied and compared with the properties of carbon black and silica filled NR/BR blends. The nanocomposites with extensive exfoliation state can be fabricated by a solution mixing method. In the composites, the amount of filler content was fixed to 10 phr. Degree of intercalation and exfoliation was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). XRD results indicated exfoliation of the silicate layers into the rubber matrix. While the degree or intercalation and exfoliation is lowered by the conventional mixing method, extensive exfoliation can be obtained by the solution mixing method. It was found that the clay filled NR/BR compound showed better viscoelastic (tan ${\delta}$) and mechanical properties than the carbon black or silica filled NR/BR compounds.

Effect of N2 Diluent on Soot Formation Characteristics in Ethylene Diffusion Flames (에틸렌 확산화염 내 질소 혼합이 매연 생성 특성에 미치는 영향)

  • Jun-Soo Kim
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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    • v.29 no.4
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    • pp.356-362
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    • 2023
  • The risk of climate change has been long acknowledged, and ongoing efforts to overcome this issue, within the shipping sector, with the international maritime organization playing a central role. Conducting research on characteristics of soot formation is crucial to control its occurrence within the combustion process. In this study, the laser extinction method and chemical reaction numerical analysis were employed to examine the alterations in the state of chemical species associated with flame temperature, flame visual, and soot formation by mixing nitrogen, an inert gas, in the counterflow diffusion flame based on ethylene gas. The findings of the study suggest that as the mixing ratio of nitrogen increased, both the flame temperature and soot volume fraction decreased. Additionally, the area in which soot particles were distributed also decreased, and the volume fraction decrease rate declined when the mixing ratio increased by more than 30%. The mole fraction of the chemical species involved in soot growth also decreased. the chemical species associated with the HACA reaction were affected by variations in the hydrocarbon fuel ratio, and the chemical species related to the odd carbon path were confirmed to be affected by the flame temperature as well as the hydrocarbon fuel ratio.

Thermal Durability of Neon Transformer with Diluent Mixing Ratio (증량제 혼합비율에 따른 네온변압기의 열내구성 평가)

  • Hong, In Kwon;Jeon, Gil Song;Lee, Seung Bum
    • Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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    • v.26 no.4
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    • pp.452-457
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    • 2015
  • The physical properties, such as the heat resistance and thermal durability of the temperature difference fatigue resistance should be excellent when preparing an epoxy type resin for a neon transformer housing. In this study, 50 wt% of $SiO_2$ and silica were selected as a reinforcement and diluent filler for epoxy type resins, respectively. Thermal conductivity and thermal stability were measured as the mixing ratio varied upon the particle sizes. The optimal amount of the mixed silica was 50 wt%. Thermal stability was improved with increasing the amount of larger silica particles. The optimal mixing ratio of differently sized silica particles was 28/3 : 14/18 : 8/10 mesh = 1 : 1 : 1. From these results, it is thought that neon transformer is producible which has excellent thermal durability.

Performance and Characterization of Ceramic Membrane by Phase Inversion-Extrusion Process with Polymer Binder Mixing (상전이-압출 알루미나 분리막 제조 공정에서 혼합 고분자 바인더 적용에 따른 성능 및 특성 평가)

  • Sojin Min;Ahrumi Park;Yongsung Kwon;Daehun Kim;You-In Park;Seong-Joong Kim;Seung-Eun Nam
    • Membrane Journal
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    • v.33 no.6
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    • pp.439-446
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    • 2023
  • Ceramic membranes are generally used for various industrial processes operating under extreme conditions because of its high thermal and chemical stability. However, due to the trade-off phenomenon of permeability and mechanical strength, preparation of high permeability-high strength membrane is necessary. In this study, the change in characteristics and performances of ceramic membranes was analyzed depending on the type of polymer binder and its mixing ratio. Because the solubility between solvent and polymer binder was higher in PSf (polysulfone) than in PES (polyethersulfone), the viscosity and discharge pressure of the PSf-based dope solution were higher than those of PES-based dope solution. When PSf was used as a polymer binder, ceramic membrane showed high mechanical strength and low water permeability due to the dense structure. On the other hand, in case of PES, the mechanical strength was slightly reduced and the water permeability was increased. It was confirmed that the optimum mixing ratio of the PSf and PES with high water permeability and mechanical strength was 9:1.

Synthesis and Photosensitive Characterization of NDAS Derivatives (NDAS 유도체의 합성과 감광특성)

  • Lee, Ki-Chang;Choi, Sung-Yong;Bae, Nam-Kyoung;Yoon, Cheol-Hun;Hwang, Sung-Kwy
    • Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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    • v.13 no.3
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    • pp.145-153
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    • 1996
  • Naphthoquinone-1,2-diazide-5-sulfonyl[NDAS] derivatives members of quinone diazide compound that are utilizable as photosensitive polymer material were synthesized, and photoresist were prepared by mixing these derivatives with m-cresol novolak(a matrix resin) at various weight ratios. Photosensitive characteristics of photoresist were studied by examining UV and IR, relative sensitivity using a Gray scale method, and SEM to analyze if they can be used as photosensitive material in printing process. Experimental results showed that, by UV, NDAS derivatives were photoconverted and developer-soluble photoresist were produced. The mixing ratio of 1:4(by mass) of NDAS+p-ydroxybenzophenone+sensitizer and m-cresol novolak gave rise to the highest dissolution rate. In addition, photoresist obtained at this condition resulted in the most superior sensitivity and contrast.

THE EFFECTS OF IMPELLER CONFIGURATION ON MIXING AND HEAT TRANSFER IN A STIRRED TANK WITH A HELICAL COOLING COIL (나선형 냉각 코일이 설치된 교반기에서 임펠러 배치가 교반과 열전달에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim I.S.;Song H.-S.;Han S.P.
    • 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2005.10a
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    • pp.55-59
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    • 2005
  • CFD analysis has been conducted to find the two stage impeller configuration which is the most suitable for a stirred tank with an internal helical cooling coil and a cooling jacket, which is frequently used in chemical industries for highly exothermic reactions ranged from low to medium viscosity. Two typical types of impellers are considered; pitched paddle impellers and Rushton turbine impellers. Interestingly, pitched paddle impellers show a good mixing performance for multi-species, whereas Rushton turbine impellers achieve a good mixing performance for multi-phases. Besides the type of an impeller, the location of an impeller is another important factor to be considered in order to accomplish an effective mixing. The best set of types and locations of two impellers is recommended based on the coefficient of variation(CoV) value and the heat removal capability obtained from CFD results. The former is a measure to quantify the degree of mixing.

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Color Changes in Clarified Fruit and Vegetable Juices by Mixing Ratios

  • Lee, Jun-Ho;Park, Yong-Hee
    • Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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    • v.5 no.4
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    • pp.197-199
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    • 2000
  • Clarified fruit and vegetable juices (apple, carrot and tangerine) were produced using ultrafiltration and their color change due to the mixing ratio were evaluated. clarification was carried out by passing he supernatant of extracted juice through a filter and also by using a membrane of molecular weight cut-off 10,000 Daltons to obtain the juice ultrafiltrates. The mixing ratio between apple and carrot juices was kept constant at 1:1 while increasing the amount of tangerine juice according to 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50% an stored at 4$^{\circ}C$ prior to the color measurement. Hue angle ({TEX}$h_{ab}${/TEX}) and {TEX}$L^{*}${/TEX}-value increased as the tangerine mixing ratio increased. The color difference indicated by ΔE-value also increased as the amount of tangerine increased indicating that the color of the mixed juice became pale and the changes were slight but distinctive. On the other hand, chroma ({TEX}$C^{*}${/TEX}), {TEX}$La{*}${/TEX}- and {TEX}$b^{*}${/TEX}-values decreased as the tangerine mixing ratio increased indicating that the color of the mixed juice became slightly more grayish and the samples were becoming les yellow. A simple mathematical model to predict each color characteristic is proposed.

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A Large-scale Structural Mixing Model applied to Blowout of Turbulent Nonpremixed Jet Flames in a Cross Jet Flow (횡분류(流)(橫噴流)에서 난류 비예흔합 화염의 화염날림에 대한 거대 와(渦)구조 혼합 모텔 적용)

  • Lee, Kee-Man;Park, Jeong
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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    • v.26 no.1
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    • pp.133-140
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    • 2002
  • This article presents an application of a large-scale structural mixing model(Broadwell et at. 1984) to the blowout of turbulent reacting cross flow jets. Experimental observations, therefore, aim to identify the existence of large-scale vortical structure exerting an important effect upon the flame stabilization. In the analysis of common stability curve, it is seen that the phenomenon of blowout are only related to the mixing time scale of the two flows. The most notable observation is that the blowout distance is traced at a fixed positions according to the velocity ratio at all times. Measurements of the lower blowout limits in the liftable flame are qualitatively in agreement with the blowout parameter $\xi$, proposed by Broadwell et al. Good agrement between the results calculated by a modified blowout parameter $\xi$'and the present experimental results confirms the important effect of large-scale structure in the stabilization feature of blowout.

Numerical Study on Improvement of Mixing Equipment' Plan in a Water Treatment Plant (수리해석을 이용한 정수장내 혼화장치 설계 개선에 관한 연구)

  • Oh, S.Y.;Hyun, D.S.;Oh, J.J.;Lee, S.H.;Lee, N.Y.
    • Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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    • 2001.06e
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    • pp.777-782
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    • 2001
  • In this study, we used In-line orifice mixer for efficient chemicals mixing in water treatment. The method of using In-line orifice mixer has been already proved the improvement of water treatment efficiency. Numerical study was performed using FLUENT, a commercial code, to standard design and production of effective In-line orifice mixer. As variable for exactly standardizing, a proper ratio between an outer diameter of cone and a diameter of pipe, a distance between cone and orifice, a determination of orifice diameter for an optimal mixing, a distance between injection nozzle's position and cone, Numerical study has been performed for optimal standard and analyzed flow field on a basis of turbulent intensity in an orifice downstream.

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