• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.105-111
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• 1988

과망간산염들, 즉 과망간산 칼륨, 과망간산 암모늄, 과망간산 바륨에서 망간의 중성자 포획으로 야기되는 화학적 효과를 고찰하였다. $^{55}$Mn(n, ｒ) $^{56}$ Mn 반응에서 생성된 방사성 망간 화학종, 즉 양이온 56/Mn, $^{56}$ MnO$_2$ 그리고 $^{56}$ MnO$_4$$^{-}$의 분포에 미치는 용제의 pH효과를 여러 가지 흡착제들과 이온교환체, 즉 제올이프 A-3, 카올리나이트, 알루미나, 이산화망간 그리고 도엑스 -50을 이용하여 고찰하였다. 카올리나이트와 알루미나에서 방사성 MnO$_4$$^{-}$의 분포가 대표적인 pH값인 4, 7 그리고 9 각각에서 다른흡착제와 이온교환체보다 높게 나타나며 동일한 흡착제일경우에는 pH 4 는 및 pH 9에서가 pH 7에서보다 높게 나타난다. $^{55}$Mn(n, ｒ) $^{56}$ Mn 반응에 의하여 과망간산염에서 생성된 반조망간원자들의 열-어니어링 거동 또한 고찰하였다. 열-어니어링에서 $^{56}$ MnO$_4$$^{-}$의 잔류율은 10$0^{\circ}C$ 및 13$0^{\circ}C$ 처리에서 온도가 높아질수록 증가함을 보였다. 망간염의 반조효과는 hot zone model로 설명하였다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.23-28
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• 1970

김해(金海) 특이산성(特異酸性) 토양(土壤)(답(畓))에 대(對)한 규회석(珪灰石) 및 $MnO_2$의 효과를 Pot 시험(試驗)으로 실시한 결과(結果) 1. 특이산성토양(特異酸性土壤)(답(畓))에서 문제시(問題視)되는 토양용액(土壤溶液) 중의 Al함량(含量)은 pH의 상승과 더불어 감소되며 이러한 화학적(化學的) 변화(變化)는 규회석(珪灰石)의 시용(施用)으로 더 현저하며 이와 같은 토양(土壤)에 규회석(珪灰石)을 시용(施用)하거나, 혹은 토양(土壤)을 담수상태(湛水狀態)로 하여 토양(土壤)의 pH를 상승시키면 수도(水稻)에 대(對)한 Al해독(害毒)은 문제(問題)가 되지 않으리라 생각 된다. 2. 삼요소(三要素)만을 시용(施用)한 Pot에 생육(生育)한 수도(水稻)가 Fe-toxicity와 유사한 증상을 나타내며 생육(生育)이 부진한 이유(理由)는 식물체(植物體) 중의 Fe와 S의 함량(含量)이 높은데 기인(起因)하며, 규회석(珪灰石)의 시용(施用)으로 식물체(植物體)중의 Fe와 S의 함량(含量)이 현저히 낮아졌고, 또 수도(水稻)의 생육(生育)도 정상적이었다. 3. 토양용액(土壤溶液) 및 식물체(植物體)중의 Fe 함량(含量)은 규회석(珪灰石)의 시용(施用)으로 감소될 수 있기 때문에 특이산성토(特異酸性土)에서 문제(問題)시되는 Fe-toxicity는 규회석(珪灰石)의 시용(施用)으로 피(避)할 수 있다. 4. 규회석(珪灰石)에 병용한 $MnO_2$는 규회석(珪灰石) 단용(單用)보다 식물체(植物體)중의 Fe함량(含量)을 낮추지 못하였다. 5. 규회석(珪灰石)의 시용(施用)은 건물중(乾物重)과 정조수량(精租收量)을 증가(增加)시켰고 규회석(珪灰石)과 병용한 $MnO_2$는 규회석(珪灰石) 단용(單用)보다 수당립수(穗當粒數)와 등숙율(登熟率)을 증가(增加)시켰다. 6. 이상(以上)의 결과(結果)에서 특이산성토(特異酸性土)(답(畓))에 생육(生育)한 수도(水稻)의 생육(生育)이 부진한 주원인(主原因)의 하나가 Fe-toxicity라 생각되며 이와 같은 답토양(畓土壤)에는 규회석(珪灰石)을 시용(施用)하므로서 Fe의 해독작용(害毒作用)을 억제(抑制)할 수 있을 것이다.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.188-191
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• 1964

微量元素分析用 燃燒爐 內에서 內部酸化劑(酸化銀과 二酸化 망간의 混合物)와 함께 有機試料를 헤륨 氣流下에서 燃燒시키고 發生한 물은 칼슘카바이드管에 通하여 아세틸렌으로 變換시킨다. 二酸化炭素와 아세틸렌을 molecular sieve 5A 管에 室溫에서 吸着시킨 후 $340^{\circ}C$까지 溫度${\cdot}$프로그탬法으로 脫着시켜 실리카켈管을 通하여 分別流出시키고 熱傳導式 檢知器로 $CO_2$와 $C_2H_2$를 定量하는 方法을 發展시켰다. 벤조酸을 標準物質로 하여 作成한 檢量線을 使用하여 各種 有機試料中의 炭素 및 水素含量을 分析한 結果 平均誤差가 炭素의 경우 ${\pm}0.5%$, 水素인 경우${\pm}0.33%$ 이었다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제31권11호
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• pp.3221-3224
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• 2010

This study investigates the requirements of lithium-air cathodes, which directly influence discharge capacity. The cathodes of Li-air cell are made by using five different carbon materials, such as Ketjen black EC600JD, Super P, Ketjen black EC300JD, Denka black, and Ensaco 250G. The Ketjen black EC600JD provides discharge capacity of 2600 mAh/g per carbon weight, while that of Ensaco 250G shows only 579 mAh/g. To figure out the differences of discharge capacity from carbon materials, their surface area and pore volume are analyzed. These are found out to be the critical factors in determining discharge capacity. Furthermore, carbon loading on Ni foam and amounts of electrolyte are significant factors that affect discharge capacity. In order to investigate catalyst effect, electrolytic manganese dioxide (EMD) is incorporated and delivered 4307 mAh/g per carbon weight. This infers that EMD facilitates to break $O_2$ interactions and leads to enhance discharge capacity.

• Carbon letters
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• 제24권
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• pp.82-89
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• 2017

In this study, composite PAN-based ACNFs embedded with MgO and $MnO_2$ were prepared by the electrospinning method. The resultant pristine ACNFs, ACNF/MgO and $ACNF/MnO_2$ were characterized in terms of their morphological changes, SSA, crystallinity and functional group with FESEM-EDX, the BET method, XRD and FTIR analysis, respectively. Results from this study showed that the SSA of the ACNF/MgO composite ($1893m^2g^{-1}$) is significantly higher than that of the pristine ACNFs and $ACNF/MnO_2$ which is 478 and $430m^2g^{-1}$, respectively. FTIR analysis showed peaks of 476 and $547cm^{-1}$, indicating the presence of MgO and $MnO_2$, respectively. The FESEM micrographs analysis showed a smooth but coarser structure in all the ACNFs. Meanwhile, the ACNF/MgO has the smallest fiber diameter ($314.38{\pm}62.42nm$) compared to other ACNFs. The presence of MgO and $MnO_2$ inside the ACNFs was also confirmed with EDX analysis as well as XRD. The adsorption capacities of each ACNF toward $CH_4$ were tested with the volumetric adsorption method in which the ACNF/MgO exhibited the highest $CH_4$ adsorption up to $2.39mmol\;g^{-1}$. Meanwhile, all the ACNF samples followed the pseudo-second order kinetic model with a $R^2$ up to 0.9996.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.34-41
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• 2017

황산용액에 함유된 망간(II)의 농도가 Pb-Ag양극의 산화거동에 미치는 영향을 1.8에서 2.0 V의 범위에서 정전위법으로 조사하였다. 산화전위가 높고 망간의 초기 농도가 낮은 조건에서는 망간(III)의 농도가 높았으며, 산화반응 후 용액을 분광학적으로 분석하여 이를 확인하였다. 1.8과 1.9 V에서는 $MnO_2$가 망간(II)의 산화에 의해 생성되나, 2.0 V에서는 망간(III)의 불균등화반응에 의해 형성되었다. 1.8 V에서 용액에 망간(II)이 존재하면 정전위조건에서 산화시킬 때 납이 $PbO_2$로 산화되지 않았다. 그러나 1.9와 2.0 V에서는 망간(II)농도가 증가함에 따라 $PbO_2$가 망간(II)에 의해 화학적으로 환원되어 $PbO_2$의 양이 감소하였다.

• KEPCO Journal on Electric Power and Energy
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.285-291
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• 2016

In chemical-looping combustion, pure oxygen is transferred to fuel by solid particles called as oxygen carrier. Chemical-looping combustion process usually utilizes a circulating fluidized-bed process for fuel combustion and regeneration of the reduced oxygen carrier. The performance of an oxygen carrier varies with the active metal oxide and the raw support materials used. In this work, spraydried Mn-based oxygen carriers were prepared with different raw support materials and their physical properties and oxygen transfer performance were investigated to determine that the raw support materials used are suitable for spray-dried manganese oxide oxygen carrier. Oxygen carriers composed of 70 wt% $Mn_3O_4$ and 30 wt% support were produced using spray dryer. Two different types of $Al_2O_3$, ${\gamma}-Al_2O_3$ and ${\alpha}-Al_2O_3$, and $MgAl_2O_4$ were applied as starting raw support materials. The oxygen carrier prepared from ${\gamma}-Al_2O_3$ showed high mechanical strength stronger than commercial fluidization catalytic cracking catalyst at calcination temperatures below $1100^{\circ}C$, while the ones prepared from ${\alpha}-Al_2O_3$ and $MgAl_2O_4$ required higher calcination temperatures. Oxygen transfer capacity of the oxygen carrier prepared from ${\gamma}-Al_2O_3$ was less than 3 wt%. In comparison, oxygen carriers prepared from ${\alpha}-Al_2O_3$ and $MgAl_2O_4$ showed higher oxygen transfer capacity, around 3.4 and 4.4 wt%, respectively. Among the prepared Mn-based oxygen carriers, the one made from $MgAl_2O_4$ showed superior oxygen transfer performance in the chemical-looping combustion of $CH_4$, $H_2$, and CO. However, it required a high calcination temperature of $1400^{\circ}C$ to obtain strong mechnical strength. Therefore, further study to develop new support compositions is required to lower the calcination temperature without decline in the oxygen transfer performance.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제25권10호
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• pp.116-124
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• 2011

In this work, the effect of the initial concentration of methanol and ethanol, and the addition of oxygen molecules were discussed to improve the hydrogen generation using non-thermal plasma reactor effectively. In addition, the effect of ozone decomposition catalyst of manganese dioxide and its quantity was investigated. First, hydrogen concentration increased until an initial concentration of about 40,000[ppm] of methanol and thereafter it was saturated. Henceforth, hydrogen concentration decreased with increasing the oxygen percent on the carrier gas of nitrogen about both substances. Related with the effect of catalyst, it increased upto 60[g], but it was not changed largely after that. Consequently, it is confirmed that the hybrid process using plasma process and catalytic surface chemical reaction is a very promising way to increase the efficiency of hydrogen generation as investigated in this work.

• 한국펄프종이공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국펄프종이공학회 2006년도 PAN PACIFIC CONFERENCE vol.2
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• pp.381-386
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• 2006

Many different types of bleaching chemicals and processes have been globally used for deinked pulp. Besides chlorine-free bleaching chemicals, hydrogen peroxide, and sodium dithionite that could be used without restriction for almost all types of fibers, chlorine-containing chemicals such as chlorine dioxide and sodium hypochlorite have also used throughout the world. Even though hydrogen peroxide is commonly used in newsprint, it could not effectively increase brightness. Experimental evaluation on the possibility of using formamidine sulfinic acid (FAS), a reducing agent, for bleaching a wood-containing deinked pulp has been carried out in this study. The effect of bleaching efficiency for FAS on operational conditions and chemical concentrations compaired to hydrogen peroxide in one and two stages was studied. FAS bleaching showed higher brightness at high temperature and low consistency, and vice versa for peroxide one. Bleaching with sodium silicate and DTPA in FAS and peroxide stage showed better results than cases without them. Sodium silicate and chelant seemed minimize the influence of transition metal ions, including manganese and iron ions, which induce both bleaching agents to decompose. As a result, FAS as a reducing agent seems more effective than hydrogen peroxide for increasing brightness and reducing yellowness. FAS and FAS sequence seemed more efficient than the other two stages of bleaching sequences with regard to the best brightness level obtained. When bleaching was conducted with FAS, COD load was just about one-third compared to peroxide, and brightness stability of the bleached pulp appeared better than peroxide after UV light irradiation.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.431-437
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• 1976

연탄 연소가스중의 일산화탄소와 산소 사이의 반응을 몇가지 촉매에 대해 조사했다. 이산화망간, 산화 동 및 그 혼합촉매를 사용하였으며, 그 실효반응 온도(effective reaction temperature)는 각각 다음과 같다. 즉, $MnO_2$ 단독촉매 및 30% $MnO_2$-70% CuO 혼합촉매는 $250^{\circ}C,\;CuO$는 $450^{\circ}C$, 50% $MnO_2$-50% CuO는$200^{\circ}C$, 70% $MnO_2$-30% CuO는$180^{\circ}C$였다. 실효반응온도 이하에서 일산화탄소의 산화율은 일산화 탄소의 농도가 증가함에 따라 감소하는 경향을 보였으며, 실효반응 온도 이상에서는 변화가 없었다. 반응기 내 체재시간은 0.9 ∼ 1.8초의 범위 내에서는 일산화탄소 산화반응에 조금도 영향을 주지 않았다.