• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.30-37
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• 2006

Injecting currents into an electrically conducting subject, we may measure the induced magnetic flux density distributions using an MRI scanner. The measured data are utilized to reconstruct cross-sectional images of internal conductivity and current density distributions in Magnetic Resonance Electrical Impedance Tomography (MREIT). Injection currents are usually provided in a form of mono-polar or bi-polar pulses synchronized with an MR pulse sequence. Given an MRI scanner performing the MR phase imaging to extract the induced magnetic flux density data, the current source becomes one of the key parts determining the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the measured data. Since this SNR is crucial in determining the quality of reconstructed MREIT images, special care must be given in the design and implementation of the current source. This paper describes a current source design for MREIT with features including interleaved current injection, arbitrary current waveform, electrode switching to discharge any stored charge from previous current injections, optical isolation from an MR spectrometer and PC, precise current injection timing control synchronized with any MR pulse sequence, and versatile PC control program. The performance of the current source was verified using a 3T MRI scanner and saline phantoms.

• KEPCO Journal on Electric Power and Energy
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.175-180
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 간단한 화학적 합성 방법을 통하여 스테인레스 기판 위에 nano-bud 형태의 수산화 구리 박막을 형성하였다. 그리고 또 다른 합성 방법인 chemical bath deposition을 이용하여 수산화 구리 나노 구조를 간단하고 친환경적으로 형성하였다. 수산화 구리 박막의 구조적 연구는 X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) 방법을 통하여 이루어졌으며 다결정의 nano-bud 형상을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 나노 구조로 합성된 수산화구리 전극의 전기화학적 측정은 1M KOH의 전해질 조건에서 cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD)에서 측정되었으며 $340Fg^{-1}$의 높은 비 용량을 보였다. 또한 $1mA\;cm^{-2}$ 의 전력 밀도에서 ${\sim}83Wh\;kg^{-1}$의 높은 에너지 밀도와 ${\sim}3.1kW\;kg^{-1}$의 높은 출력 밀도를 가지며 향상된 전극의 성능을 보였다. 이러한 뛰어난 의사 캐패시터의 성능은 수산화 구리의 nano-bud 형상에 의한 효과로 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구를 통하여 화학적 합성 방법의 확장을 통하여 수산화 구리 전극의 에너지 저장 장치로써의 성능을 확인할 수 있었다.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.129-137
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• 2020

All-solid-state batteries are promising energy storage devices in which high-energy-density and superior safety can be obtained by efficient cell design and the use of nonflammable solid electrolytes, respectively. This paper presents a systematic study of experimental factors that affect the electrochemical performance of all-solid-state batteries. The morphological changes in composite electrodes fabricated using different mixing speeds are carefully observed, and the corresponding electrochemical performances are evaluated in symmetric cell and half-cell configurations. We also investigate the effect of the composite electrode thickness at different charge/discharge rates for the realization of all-solid-state batteries with high-energy-density. The results of this investigation confirm a consistent relationship between the cell capacity and the ionic resistance within the composite electrodes. Finally, a concentration-gradient composite electrode design is presented for enhanced power density in thick composite electrodes; it provides a promising route to improving the cell performance simply by composite electrode design.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2017년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.735-737
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• 2017

An Off grid or remote solar electric systems are an energy supply to our home or to our companies without the utility of Grid at all. Off grid solar systems are very important for those who live in remote locations especially for developing countries where getting the electric grid is extremely expensive, inconvenient or for those who doesn't need to pay a monthly bill with the electric bill in general. The main critical components of any solar power system or renewable energy harvesting systems are the energy storage systems and its charge controller system. Energy storage systems are the essential integral part of a solar energy harvesting system and in general for all renewable energy harvesting systems. To provide an optimal solution of both high power density and high energy density at the same time we have to use hybrid energy storage systems (HESS), that combine two or more energy storage technologies with complementary characteristics. In this present work, design and simulation we use two storage systems supercapacitor for high power density and lithium based battery for high energy density. Here the system incorporates fast-response supercapacitors to provide power to manage solar smoothing and uses a battery for load shifting. On this paper discuss that the total energy throughout of the battery is much reduced and the typical thermal stresses caused by high discharge rate responses are mitigated by integrating supercapacitors with the battery storage system. In addition of the above discussion the off grid solar electric energy harvesting presented in this research paper includes battery and supercapacitor management system, MPPT (maximum power point tracking) system and back/boost convertors. On this present work the entire model of off grid electric energy harvesting system and all other functional blocks of that system is implemented in MATLAB Simulink.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.89-94
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• 2013

Layered $Li_{1+x}(Mn_{0.4}Ni_{0.4}Fe_{0.2})_{1-x}O_2$ (0 < x < 0.3) solid solutions were synthesized using solgel method with adipic acid as chelating agent. Structural and electrochemical properties of the prepared powders were examined by means of X-ray diffraction, Scanning electron microscopy and galvanostatic charge/discharge cycling. All powders had a phase-pure layered structure with $R\bar{3}m$ space group. The morphological studies confirmed that the size of the particles increased at higher x content. The charge-discharge profiles of the solid solution against lithium using 1 M $LiPF_6$ in EC/DMC as electrolyte revealed that the discharge capacity increases with increasing lithium content at the 3a sites. Among the cells, $Li_{1.2}(Mn_{0.32}Ni_{0.32}Fe_{0.16})O_2$ (x = 0.2)/$Li^+$ exhibits a good electrochemical property with maximum initial capacity of 160 $mAhg^{-1}$ between 2-4.5 V at 0.1 $mAcm^{-2}$ current density and the capacity retention after 25 cycles was 92%. Whereas, the cell fabricated with x = 0.3 sample showed continuous capacity fading due to the formation of spinel like structure during the subsequent cycling. The preparation of solid solutions based on $LiNiO_2-LiFeO_2-Li_2MnO_3$ has improved the properties of its end members.

• 청정기술
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.332-338
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• 2018

현재 리튬이온전지의 음극 소재 활물질로는 흑연이 주로 사용되고 있다. 그러나 흑연의 최대 이론 용량이 $372mA\;h\;g^{-1}$으로 제한되기 때문에 차세대 고용량 및 고에너지 밀도의 리튬이온전지 개발을 위해서는 새로운 음극 소재 활물질이 필요하다. 여러 음극 소재 활물질 중에서 Si의 최대 이론 용량은 $4200mA\;h\;g^{-1}$으로 흑연의 최대 이론 용량보다 약 10배 이상 높은 값을 나타내고 있지만 부피 팽창율이 거의 400%로 크기 때문에 사이클이 진행될수록 비가역 용량이 증가하여 충전 대비 방전 용량이 현저히 감소하는 현상을 나타내고 있다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위한 방법으로 Si 음극 소재 활물질의 입자 크기를 조절하여 기계적 응력 및 반응상의 체적 변화를 감소시켜 사이클 특성을 다소 향상시킬 수 있다. 따라서 Si 입자의 부피 팽창율에 따른 충전 및 방전 용량의 감소를 최소화하기 위해 공정 시간 및 원가 절감이 우수한 건식 방법으로 Si을 분쇄하여 사이클 특성 향상에 관한 연구를 진행 하였다. 본 논문에서는 진동밀을 이용하여 Si을 나노 크기로 제어하고 실험 변수에 따른 재료들의 물리화학적 특성과 전기화학적 특성을 측정하였다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제60권4호
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• pp.574-581
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• 2022

리튬-황 전지의 기능성 중간층으로 그래핀과 Mo₂C/Mo₂N 나노입자로 구성된 나노섬유(Mo₂C/Mo₂N rGO NFs)를 사용하였다. Mo₂C/Mo₂N 나노입자는 섬유 구조 내 고르게 분산되어 리튬 폴리설파이드의 화학적 흡착을 위한 활성 사이트 역할을 함으로써 전해질로의 용출을 효과적으로 억제하였다. 또한 구조 내 매트릭스로 구성된 그래핀 나노시트는 충방전이 진행되는 동안 이온 및 전자의 빠른 이동을 보장할 뿐만 아니라 반응 시 산화/환원 반응을 원활하게 하여 높은 리튬 폴리설파이드의 재사용을 보장하였다. 그 결과 Mo₂C/Mo₂N rGO NFs로 코팅된 분리막을 기능성 중간층으로 사용, 순수 황 전극(황 함량 70 wt%, 황 로딩 2.1 mg cm^-2)으로 제작된 리튬-황 전지는 0.1 C에서 400회 충방전 후 476 mA h g^-1의 안정적인 방전 용량을 나타냈으며, 1.0 C의 높은 전류밀도에서도 574 mA h g^-1의 방전용량을 나타내었다. 본 연구에서 제안된 나노구조체 합성 전략은 고성능 리튬-황 전지 용 기능성 중간층 및 다양한 에너지 저장 소재분야로의 확장이 가능하다.

• Carbon letters
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.78-85
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• 2015

Activated carbons (ACs) were prepared by activation of coal tar pitch (CTP) in the range of $700^{\circ}C-1000^{\circ}C$ for 1-4 h using potassium hydroxide (KOH) powder as the activation agent. The optimal activation conditions were determined to be a CTP/KOH ratio of 1:4, activation temperature of $900^{\circ}C$, and activation time of 3 h. The obtained ACs showed increased pore size distribution in the range of 1 to 2 nm and the highest specific capacitance of 122 F/g in a two-electrode system with an organic electrolyte, as measured by a charge-discharge method in the voltage range of 0-2.7 V. In order to improve the performance of the electric double-layer capacitor electrode, various mixtures of CTP and petroleum pitch (PP) were activated at the optimal activation conditions previously determined for CTP. Although the specific capacitance of AC electrodes prepared from CTP only and the mixtures of CTP and PP was not significantly different at a current density of 1 A/g, the AC electrodes from CTP and PP mixtures showed outstanding specific capacitance at higher current rates. In particular, CTP-PP61 (6:1 mixture) had the highest specific capacitance of 132 F/g, and the specific capacitance remained above 90% at a high current density of 3 A/g. It was found that the high specific capacitance could be attributed to the increased micro-pore volume of ACs with pore sizes from 1 to 2 nm, and the high power density could be attributed to the increased meso-pore volume.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.509-515
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• 2023

Lead-free perovskite ceramics, which have excellent energy storage capabilities, are attracting attention owing to their high power density and rapid charge-discharge speed. Given that the energy-storage properties of perovskite ceramic capacitors are significantly improved by doping with various elements, modifying their chemical compositions is a fundamental strategy. This study investigated the effect of Zn doping on the microstructure and energy storage performance of potassium sodium niobate (KNN)-based ceramics. Two types of powders and their corresponding ceramics with compositions of (1-x)(K,Na)NbO₃-xBi(Ni_2/3Ta_1/3)O₃ (KNN-BNT) and (1-x)(K,Na)NbO₃-xBi(Ni_1/3Zn_1/3Ta_1/3)O₃ (KNN-BNZT) were prepared via solid-state reactions. The results indicate that Zn doping retards grain growth, resulting in smaller grain sizes in Zn-doped KNN-BNZT than in KNN-BNT ceramics. Moreover, the Zn-doped KNN-BNZT ceramics exhibited superior energy storage density and efficiency across all x values. Notably, 0.9KNN-0.1BNZT ceramics demonstrate an energy storage density and efficiency of 0.24 J/cm³ and 96%, respectively. These ceramics also exhibited excellent temperature and frequency stability. This study provides valuable insights into the design of KNN-based ceramic capacitors with enhanced energy storage capabilities through doping strategies.

• 전기화학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 수소화 붕소 나트륨 ($NaBH_4$)를 이용하여 고온에서 이산화탄소 ($CO_2$)를 환원시켜 붕소가 도핑된 카본을 제조하였고, 이를 카본 펠트에 코팅하여 바나듐 레독스 흐름전지용 전극으로 적용하였다. 전기화학적 성능 평가 결과, 순수 카본펠트 대비 붕소 도핑된 카본으로 코팅된 카본펠트의 가역성이 약 20% 향상되었고 전하 전달 저항이 60% 감소하였다. 충/방전 결과에서는, 에너지 밀도와 에너지 효율이 각각 21%와 12.4% 향상되었다. 이러한 결과는 $CO_2$를 환원시켜 제조한 탄소가 레독스 흐름전지용 전극소재로 사용될 수 있는 가능성을 보여준다.