• 제목/요약/키워드: Charge-Transfer

검색결과 1,027건 처리시간 0.029초

Photoelectrochemical Cell Study on Closely Arranged Vertical Nanorod Bundles of CdSe and Zn doped CdSe Films

  • Soundararajan, D.;Yoon, J.K.;Kwon, J.S.;Kim, Y.I.;Kim, S.H.;Park, J.H.;Kim, Y.J.;Park, D.Y.;Kim, B.C.;Wallac, G.G.;Ko, J.M.
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
    • /
    • 제31권8호
    • /
    • pp.2185-2189
    • /
    • 2010
  • Closely arranged CdSe and Zn doped CdSe vertical nanorod bundles were grown directly on FTO coated glass by using electrodeposition method. Structural analysis by XRD showed the hexagonal phase without any precipitates related to Zn. FE-SEM image showed end capped vertically aligned nanorods arranged closely. From the UV-vis transmittance spectra, band gap energy was found to vary between 1.94 and 1.98 eV due to the incorporation of Zn. Solar cell parameters were obtained by assembling photoelectrochemical cells using CdSe and CdSe:Zn photoanodes, Pt cathode and polysulfide (1M $Na_2S$ + 1M S + 1M NaOH) electrolyte. The efficiency was found to increase from 0.16 to 0.22 upon Zn doping. Electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) indicate that the charge-transfer resistance on the FTO/CdSe/polysulfide interface was greater than on FTO/CdSe:Zn/polysulfide. Cyclic voltammetry results also indicate that the FTO/CdSe:Zn/polysulfide showed higher activity towards polysulfide redox reaction than that of FTO/CdSe/polysulfide.

The Interfacial Nature of TiO2 and ZnO Nanoparticles Modified by Gold Nanoparticles

  • Do, Ye-Ji;Choi, Jae-Soo;Kim, Seoq-K.;Sohn, Young-Ku
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
    • /
    • 제31권8호
    • /
    • pp.2170-2174
    • /
    • 2010
  • The surfaces of $TiO_2$ and ZnO nanoparticles have been modified by gold (Au) nanoparticles by a reduction method in solution. Their interfacial electronic structures and optical absorptions have been studied by depth-profiling X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, respectively. Upon Au-modification, UV-vis absorption spectra reveal a broad surface plasmon peak at around 500 nm. For the as-prepared Au-modified $TiO_2$ and ZnO, the Au $4f_{7/2}$ XPS peaks exhibit at 83.7 and 83.9 eV, respectively. These are due to a charge transfer effect from the metal oxide support to the Au. For $TiO_2$, the larger binding energy shift from that (84.0 eV) of bulk Au could indicate that Au-modification site of $TiO_2$ is different from that of ZnO. On the basis of the XPS data with sputtering depth, we conclude that cationic (1+ and 3+) Au species, plausibly $Au(OH)_x$ (x = 1-3), commonly form mainly at the Au-$TiO_2$ and Au-ZnO interfaces. With $Ar^+$ ion sputtering, the oxidation state of Ti dramatically changes from 4+ to 3+ and 2+ while that (2+) of Zn shows no discernible change based on the binding energy position and the full-width at half maximum (FWHM).

선박 평형수 처리 시스템에서 센서 데이터의 원격 통신 (Remote Communication of sensor data in Ballast Water Treatment System)

  • 김진훈;김주만;김병철
    • 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
    • /
    • 제14권6호
    • /
    • pp.139-147
    • /
    • 2014
  • 선박 평형수는 해양 유기체와 함께 타 지역의 바다에 배출되며, 이는 해양 생태계 교란을 야기했다. 이 환경적 위험 요인을 제거하기 위하여 IMO에서는 모든 선박에 선박 평형수 처리 시스템(BWTS)의 장착을 의무화 하였다. 모니터링 시스템은 여러 해양에 흩어져 있는 선박으로부터 수집된 BWTS의 센서 정보를 분석함으로써 BWTS의 고장을 진단하고 예측한다. 본 논문은 위성 통신 비용을 고려한 BWTS 원격 모니터링 시스템의 통신 프레임웍에 대한 설계 및 구현을 제시한다. 본 연구에서는 랩뷰 프로그램에 의하여 안전하고 비용 절감을 위한 통신 모듈을 구현하였는데, 수집된 센서 정보는 RIO에서 수행되는 랩뷰 모듈을 통하여 암호화되고 압축되어 육지 통신 서버로 전송되며, 모니터링 가능하도록 복호화를 한다. 결과를 검증하기 위하여 수집된 센서 데이터를 모니터링 서버가 사용하기까지의 과정을 모니터링 하는 실험 모듈을 제작하였고, 모든 경위의 데이터 형식에 대하여 20번의 실험을 수행한 결과 기능성과 신뢰성에서 우수함을 증명하였다.

SaaS기반의 건설공정전송 및 안전관리 시스템 (SaaS-based construction process transfer and Safety Management System)

  • 김의룡;정수성;김영곤
    • 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
    • /
    • 한국정보통신학회 2015년도 춘계학술대회
    • /
    • pp.735-737
    • /
    • 2015
  • 본 논문은 SaaS(Software as a Service) 기반의 건설공정전송 및 안전관리 시스템을 건설작업에 활용하여 공정관리와 안전관리에 적용함으로써 초고속 무선인터넷을 통해 이루어지는 다양한 유형의 건설 공정에 대한 일정 및 결과와 안전관리에 대한 체계적인 수단을 확보할 수 있고 공정 내에서 이루어지는 모든 관리 체계를 신속하고 정확하게 관리할 수 있다.작업자는 스마트폰을 활용하여 감독관으로 작업을 지시받고 작업의 현황과 결과를 보고한다. 또한 비상상황 시 감독관에게 보고를 즉시 할수 있으며 일정시간 이상 스마트 폰 진동 발생이 없는 경우 작업자에게 위험 상황을 체크하게 된다. 감독관의 경우 수립된 공정별 업무를 지시하고 결과를 확인하며 현장 작업자 위험 상황의 조치명령을 내리고 미흡한 부분을 제시함으로써 만족되는 결과를 얻게 된다. 또한 소프트웨어(서버)의 경우 작업에 관련된 모든 자료를 저장하고 회원관리 및 보안을 담당하였다.

  • PDF

고분자전해질연료전지에서 폴리이미드 강화 sPEEK막 MEA의 내구성 (Durability of MEA Using sPEEK Membrane Reinforced with Poly Imide in PEMFC)

  • 이혜리;나일채;오성준;박권필
    • Korean Chemical Engineering Research
    • /
    • 제55권3호
    • /
    • pp.296-301
    • /
    • 2017
  • 최근에 저가의 고분자 전해질 연료전지(Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells, PEMFC)용 비불소계 전해질 막 연구 개발이 활발히 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 sulfonated poly (ether ether ketone) (sPEEK) 막의 내구성을 증가시키기 위해 PI 지지체를 이용한 강화 막을 제조하였다. 단일(비강화) 막전극합체(MEA)와 강화막 MEA의 내구성을 시험하기 위해 열화 가속화 기법을 이용하여 MEA 열화 실험을 진행하였다. 열화 전과 후에 I-V 분극곡선, 수소투과도, 전극 활성 면적, 막 저항과 부하 전달 저항을 측정하여 열화 전과 후를 비교하였다. 그 결과, 강화 MEA가 단일 MEA에 비해 수소투과전류밀도가 낮으며, 내구성이 높음을 확인하였다. 특히 열화 후 강화 MEA에서는 단일 MEA에서 나타난 쇼트 현상이 나타나지 않았다.

Molecular approach to hexagonal and cubic diamond nanocrystals

  • Abdulsattar, Mudar Ahmed
    • Carbon letters
    • /
    • 제16권3호
    • /
    • pp.192-197
    • /
    • 2015
  • In the present work, we propose a molecule (C14H14) that can be used as a building block of hexagonal diamond-type crystals and nanocrystals, including wurtzite structures. This molecule and its combined blocks are similar to diamondoid molecules that are used as building blocks of cubic diamond crystals and nanocrystals. The hexagonal part of this molecule is included in the C12 central part of this molecule. This part can be repeated to increase the ratio of hexagonal to cubic diamond and other structures. The calculated energy gap of these molecules (called hereafter wurtzoids) shows the expected trend of gaps that are less than that of cubic diamondoid structures. The calculated binding energy per atom shows that wurtzoids are tighter structures than diamondoids. Distribution of angles and bonds manifest the main differences between hexagonal and cubic diamond-type structures. Charge transfer, infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance and ultraviolet-visible spectra are investigated to identify the main spectroscopic differences between hexagonal and cubic structures at the molecular and nanoscale. Natural bond orbital population analysis shows that the bonding of the present wurtzoids and diamondoids differs from ideal sp3 bonding. The bonding for carbon valence orbitals is in the range (2s0.982p3.213p0.02)-(2s0.942p3.313p0.02) for wurtzoid and (2s0.932p3.293p0.01)-(2s0.992p3.443p0.01) for diamantane.

센서 응용을 위한 사이클로덱스트린-분자 상호작용의 전기화학적 검출 (Study on Electrochemical Detection of Cyclodextrin-molecule Interactions for Sensor Applications)

  • 박민지;김수연;배준원
    • 공업화학
    • /
    • 제29권5호
    • /
    • pp.519-523
    • /
    • 2018
  • 사이클로덱스트린(cyclodextrin)은 환형다당류(cyclic oligosaccharide) 분자들의 일종으로서, 독성을 거의 지니지 않으며, 다른 분자를 포획할 수 있는 기능을 갖고 있다. 따라서, 이 분자들은 유해물질이나 유독가스를 제거하는데 활용되어 왔다. 본 연구에서는, 이 분자들이 다른 분자를 포획하여 host-guest 화합물을 형성할 수 있다는 점에 착안하여, 이 화합물의 생성 시에 수반되는 전기화학적 변화를 감지하는 방법론을 탐구하고자 한다. 먼저, host-guest 화합물의 형성은 자외선 분광기를 통해서 고찰한다. 사이클로덱스트린의 농도를 바꿔가면서 화합물의 형성을 모니터링한다. 그리고, 실질적인 검출은 금전극에 표면 처리 과정을 거쳐 사이클로덱스트린 분자를 도입하고, 이 전극에 모델분자인 메틸파라벤(methyl paraben)을 도입하여 전기화학적 변화를 감지하는 방식으로 도모하였다. 그 결과, host-guest 화합물 형성 시에 전하의 전이가 일어나고, 이를 전기화학적 측정 방식으로도 검출할 수 있다는 가능성을 실험적으로 보여주었다. 이는 무독성 분자인 사이클로덱스트린의 활용도를 넓힐 수 있는 의미있는 결과로 기대된다.

Theoretical Studies on Electronic Structure and Absorption Spectrum of Prototypical Technetium-Diphosphonate Complex 99mTc-MDP

  • Qiu, Ling;Lin, Jian-Guo;Gong, Xue-Dong;Ju, Xue-Hai;Luo, Shi-Neng
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
    • /
    • 제32권7호
    • /
    • pp.2358-2368
    • /
    • 2011
  • Density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculations, employing the B3LYP method and the LANL2DZ, 6-31G$^*$(LANL2DZ for Tc), 6-31G$^*$(cc-pVDZ-pp for Tc) and DGDZVP basis sets, have been performed to investigate the electronic structures and absorption spectra of the technetium-99m-labeled methylenediphosphonate ($^{99m}Tc$-MDP) complex of the simplest diphosphonate ligand. The bonding situations and natural bond orbital compositions were studied by the Mulliken population analysis (MPA) and natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis. The results indicate that the ${\sigma}$ and ${\pi}$ contributions to the Tc-O bonds are strongly polarized towards the oxygen atoms and the ionic contribution to the Tc-O bonding is larger than the covalent contribution. The electronic transitions investigated by TDDFT calculations and molecular orbital analyses show that the origin of all absorption bands is ascribed to the ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) character. The solvent effect on the electronic structures and absorption spectra has also been studied by performing DFT and TDDFT calculations at the B3LYP/6-31G$^*$(cc-pVDZ-pp for Tc) level with the integral equation formalism polarized continuum model (IEFPCM) in different media. It is found that the absorption spectra display blue shift in different extents with the increase of solvent polarity.

Synthesis and Electrochemical Performance of Reduced Graphene Oxide/AlPO4-coated LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4 for Lithium-ion Batteries

  • Hur, Jaehyun;Kim, Il Tae
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
    • /
    • 제35권12호
    • /
    • pp.3553-3558
    • /
    • 2014
  • The reduced graphene oxide(rGO)/aluminum phosphate($AlPO_4$)-coated $LiMn_{1.5}Ni_{0.5}O_4$ (LMNO) cathode material has been developed by hydroxide precursor method for LMNO and by a facile solution based process for the coating with GO/$AlPO_4$ on the surface of LMNO, followed by annealing process. The amount of $AlPO_4$ has been varied from 0.5 wt % to 1.0 wt %, while the amount of rGO is maintained at 1.0 wt %. The samples have been characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The rGO/$AlPO_4$-coated LMNO electrodes exhibit better cyclic performance compared to that of pristine LMNO electrode. Specifically, rGO(1%)/$AlPO_4$(0.5%)- and rGO(1%)/$AlPO_4$(1%)-coated electrodes deliver a discharge capacity of, respectively, $123mAhg^{-1}$ and $122mAhg^{-1}$ at C/6 rate, with a capacity retention of, respectively, 96% and 98% at 100 cycles. Furthermore, the surface-modified LMNO electrodes demonstrate higher-rate capability. The rGO(1%)/$AlPO_4$(0.5%)-coated LMNO electrode shows the highest rate performance demonstrating a capacity retention of 91% at 10 C rate. The enhanced electrochemical performance can be attributed to (1) the suppression of the direct contact of electrode surface with the electrolyte, resulting in side reactions with the electrolyte due to the high cut-off voltage, and (2) smaller surface resistance and charge transfer resistance, which is confirmed by total polarization resistance and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.

Free-standing Three Dimensional Graphene Incorporated with Gold Nanoparticles as Novel Binder-free Electrochemical Sensor for Enhanced Glucose Detection

  • Bui, Quoc Bao;Nguyen, Dang Mao;Nguyen, Thi Mai Loan;Lee, Ku Kwac;Kim, Hong Gun;Ko, Sang Cheol;Jeong, Hun
    • Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
    • /
    • 제9권3호
    • /
    • pp.229-237
    • /
    • 2018
  • The electrochemical sensing performance of metal-graphene hybrid based sensor may be significantly decreased due to the dissolution and aggregation of metal catalyst during operation. For the first time, we developed a novel large-area high quality three dimensional graphene foam-incorporated gold nanoparticles (3D-GF@Au) via chemical vapor deposition method and employed as free-standing electrocatalysis for non-enzymatic electrochemical glucose detection. 3D-GF@Au based sensor is capable to detect glucose with a wide linear detection range of $2.5{\mu}M$ to 11.6 mM, remarkable low detection limit of $1{\mu}M$, high selectivity, and good stability. This was resulted from enhanced electrochemical active sites and charge transfer possibility due to the stable and uniform distribution of Au NPs along with the enhanced interactions between Au and GF. The obtained results indicated that 3D-GF@Au hybrid can be expected as a high quality candidate for non-enzymatic glucose sensor application.