• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.117-126
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• 2008

In this paper, it is presented a digital image processing method and the program (Visual C++) to determine the shape of the suspension bridge. To investigate the precision of this method, a suspension bridge is divided into 5, 13 and 19 images, respectively, by using the 6.3M pixels digital camera with 300mm zoom lens. Obtained results of the Kwang-Ahn Grand Bridge by using this method are fairly close to the real precision surveyed data. The accuracy is more improved by increasing the number of divided images of the structure. The total cost, man power and time of field survey by this method presented in this study could be much more reduced and the developed program could be applied with little modification for other structures like cable-stayed bridges, if lens compensation algorithms and program access capabilities are improved.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.660-666
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• 2009

We investigate the effects of interfacial dielectric layers (IDLs) on the electrical properties of top-gate In-Ga-Zn-oxide (IGZO) thin film transistors (TFTs) fabricated at low temperatures below $200^{\circ}C$, using a target composition of In:Ga:Zn = 2:1:2 (atomic ratio). Using four types of TFT structures combined with such dielectric materials as $Si_3N_4$ and $Al_2O_3$, the electrical properties are analyzed. After post-annealing at $200^{\circ}C$ for 1 hour in an $O_2$ ambient, the sub-threshold swing is improved in all TFT types, which indicates a reduction of the interfacial trap sites. During negative-bias stress tests on TFTs with a $Si_3N_4$ IDL, the degradation sources are closely related to unstable bond states, such as Si-based broken bonds and hydrogen-based bonds. From constant-current stress tests of $I_d$ = 3 ${\mu}A$, an IGZO-TFT with heat-treated $Si_3N_4$ IDL shows a good stability performance, which is attributed to the compensation effect of the original charge-injection and electron-trapping behavior.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.193-202
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• 2009

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare preceptors and new graduate nurses on their perception of preceptor teaching effectiveness. Methods: The participants were 90 new nurses and 90 preceptors who worked in A medical center. The data were collected from July 1 to September 30, 2008. A cross-sectional descriptive survey was done using a structured questionnaire. Results: New nurses' perception ($4.07{\pm}.44$) of the preceptor teaching effectiveness was significantly higher than perception of the preceptors ($3.57{\pm}.37$). Fifty five percent of new graduate nurses reported a lack of coherence in the preceptor's practice guidelines. For 5 causal factors classified on the teaching effectiveness, the factor of 'Professional knowledge and ability' showed the highest score, but 'Interpersonal and communication skill' got lowest score for both group. Preceptors responded that they did not have enough time to teach well because of their heavy workloads. Conclusions: These results suggest that the preceptors need appropriate compensation and education opportunities, and new graduate nurses need consistent education by the teaching professionals. Therefore, it is important to give preceptors full charge of the preceptorship. Also, it will be necessary to develop education programs to enhance interpersonal and communication skill for preceptors and new nurses.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.98-109
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• 1993

By the Article 28 of the Korean Fishing Vessels Act and the Article 47-1 of the Enforcement Ordinance of the Act, fishing vessels over 5 gross tone must be insured the fishing vessels mutual insurance or marine insurance. Therefore the distant-water fishing vessels and vessels registered with Classification Society can be insured to the marine insurance, and non-registered vessels and the small fishing vessels can be insured to the fishing vessels mutual insurance of Fisheries Co-operatives. Moreover, the shipowners of fishing vessels over 5 gross tons to be insured a liability insurance for their crew, and it is to compensate effectively the crewman's accidents prescribed in the Seaman's Act. The shipowner's Liability Insurance to be insured the seaman's Compensation Insurance or the seaman's mutual insurance of the Fisheries Co-operatives and the Protection and Indemnity but they still involve lots of problems to cover the crewman's accidents reasonably. The author's views on the improvement way of the fisheries mutual insurance system are as follows. 1. The size of fishing vessels over 5 gross tons prescribed by the Article 28 of the Fishing Vessels Act must be revised into over 1 gross tons. And the regulations concerning penalties against nonfulfilment of the regulation must be strengthened in order to have legal effectiveness. 2. The level of the government subsidy for the fisheries mutual insurance must be raised up from the large point of view for protection of fishermen. It is concluded that the Government have to take charge of the remutual insurance in order to develop the fisheries mutual insurance system. 3. The mutual insurance system of fish catch have to be executed in order to guarantee the stable income for fishermen on the base of the amount of money by fish catch in the previous year.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.527-532
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• 2014

$0.97Bi_{0.5+x}(Na_{0.78}K_{0.22})_{0.5-3x}TiO_3-0.03LaFeO_3$ lead-free piezoelectric ceramics were fabricated by a solid state reaction method. $LaFeO_3$ additives were added to $Bi_{0.5}(Na_{0.78}K_{0.22})_{0.5}TiO_3$ for volatile compensation of bismuth and sodium ions in the sintering process. To create A-site vacancies, the mole ratio and charge valence of A-site ions ($Bi^{3+}$, $Na^+$ and $K^+$) were controlled. The improved piezoelectric properties were observed by addition of $LaFeO_3$ and control of A-site vacancies. In particular, a $d_{33}^*(S_{max}/E_{max})$ value of 614pm/V and an electric field induced strain of 0.33% was observed in $0.97Bi_{0.505}(Na_{0.78}K_{0.22})_{0.485}TiO_3-0.03LaFeO_3$ ceramic.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2007.07a
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• pp.38-39
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• 2007

Recently, utility network is becoming more and more complicated and huge due to IT(Information Technology) and OA(Office Automation) devices. In addition to, demands of power conversion devices which have non-linear switching devices are getting more and more increased. Voltage sag from sudden increasing loads is also one of the major problems inside of the utility network. In order to compensate the voltage sag problem, power compensation devices systems could be a good solution method. In case of voltage sag, it needs an energy source to overcome the energy caused by voltage sag. Superconducting Magnet Energy Storage (SMES) is a very good promising source due to the high response time of charge and discharge. This paper presents a real-time simulation algorithm for the SMES by using Real Time Digital Simulator (RTDS). With this algorithm users can easily do the simulation of utility power network applied by SMES system with the SMES coil modeled in RTDS.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.7-14
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• 2003

Statistics shows that 80% of freeway users travel less than 50km, and only 8% of them do over 100km. It means that the freeway is used for commuting. As a result, the freeway is not used efficiently and social cost is high. The current toll system aims for the efficient usage of the freeway by restraining short-distance trips and inducing long-distance ones. Thus, policies such as minimum toll system and discount for long-distance trips have been carried out. However. these two policies take no account of demand management between the freeway and alternative roads. They merely consider the compensation for charge on users, so the assessment of discount rate and distinction of distance are not reasonable. Consequently, not only the effective demand management but also the evaluation of those policies has been difficult to be achieved. The objective of this paper is to analyze those problematic policies and to establish a reasonable and improved toll system. In addition, this study presents the methodology to minimize social cost, which can be achieved by reducing short trips and encouraging long ones on the freeway. A new methodology of freeway toll system is applied and the results are presented.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Rural Health Nursing
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.57-65
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• 2020

Purpose: The study was done to compare the status of dispatch of public officials in charge of health care in response to COVID-19 according to location of primary health care posts and the practitioners' knowledge, attitude and support related to COVID-19. Methods: Among the 193 practitioners surveyed, 175 people in Chungcheong-do, Jeolla-do and Gyeongsang-do were selected for final analysis according to work status and differences in knowledge, attitude and support. Data were analyzed using χ2 and one-way ANOVA, followed by a Scheffé-test. Results: There was a statistically significant difference by region in the number of days and places for dispatch teams to respond to COVID-19. In particular, in the case of support, the overall score was low, but Gyeongsang-do, which had the longest number of dispatch days due the occurrence of a large-scale confirmation of patients, showed higher support compared to other regions. Knowledge of COVID-19 was high, but there were no regional differences. Conclusion: Regarding performance of COVID-19 response tasks, the support level was low, indicating that psychological support and appropriate compensation from the local government are required. In addition, it is necessary to prepare a system for the provision of alternative services to prevent a work gap in health clinics.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.299-346
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• 2016

There were also various decisions made in medical area in 2015. In the case that an inmate in a sanatorium was injured due to the reason which can be attributable to the sanatorium and the social welfare foundation that operates the sanatorium request treatment of the patient, the court set the standard of fixation of a party in medical contract. In the case that the family of the patient who was declared brain dead required withdrawal of meaningless life sustaining treatment but the hospital rejected and continued the treatment, the court made a decision regarding chargeable fee for such treatment. When it comes to the eye brightening operation which received measure of suspension from the Ministry of Health and Welfare for the first time in February, 2011, because of uncertainty of its safety, the court did not accept the illegality of such operation itself, however, ordered compensation of the whole damage based on the violation of liability for explanation, which is the omission of explanation about the fact that the cost-effectiveness is not sure as it is still in clinical test stage. There were numerous cases that courts actively acknowledged malpractices; in the cases of paresis syndrome after back surgery, quite a few malpractices during the surgery were acknowledged by the court and in the case of nosocomial infection, hospital's negligence to cause such nosocomial infection was acknowledged by the court. There was a decision which acknowledged malpractice by distinguishing the duty of installation of emergency equipment according to the Emergency Medical Service Act and duty of emergency measure in emergency situations, and a decision which acknowledged negligence of a hospital if the hospital did not take appropriate measures, although it was a very rare disease. In connection with the scope of compensation for damage, there were decisions which comply with substantive truth such as; a court applied different labor ability loss rate as the labor ability loss rate decreased after result of reappraisal of physical ability in appeal compared to the one in the first trial, and a court acknowledged lower labor ability loss rate than the result of appraisal of physical ability considering the condition of a patient, etc. In the event of any damage caused by malpractice, in regard to whether there is a limitation on liability in fee charge after such medical malpractice, the court rejected the hospital's claim for setoff saying that if the hospital only continued treatments to cure the patient or prevent aggravation of disease, the hospital cannot charge Medical bills to the patient. In regard to the provision of the Medical Law that prohibit medical advertisement which was not reviewed preliminarily and punish the violation of such, a decision of unconstitutionality was made as it is a precensorship by an administrative agency as the deliberative bodies such as Korean Medical Association, etc. cannot be denied to be considered as administrative bodies. When it comes to the issue whether PRP treatment, which is commonly performed clinically, should be considered as legally determined uninsured treatment, the court made it clear that legally determined uninsured treatment should not be decided by theoretical possibility or actual implementation but should be acknowledged its medical safety and effectiveness and included in medical care or legally determined uninsured treatment. Moreover, court acknowledged the illegality of investigation method or process in the administrative litigation regarding evaluation of suitability of sanatorium, however, denied the compensation liability or restitution of unjust enrichment of the Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service and the National Health Insurance Corporation as the evaluation agents did not cause such violation intentionally or negligently. We hope there will be more decisions which are closer to substantive truth through clear legal principles in respect of variously arisen issues in the future.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.201-206
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• 1994

The influx of glycine, valine, alanine, and histidine was inhibited by all tested neutral amino acids competitively and the reciprocal inhibitory studies showed the neutral amino acids possess the same transport system as neutral amino acids process to the same catalytic site of one carrier to each other, The molecules of histidine were transported actively as a neutral form through the neutral amino acid transport system but were not transported as a charged form. The Km values of the neutral amino acid transport system have been divided into three different category on basis of the affinity to the carrier, below 0.1mM, etween 0.1ImM-0.5mM and above 0.5mM. The $V_{max}$ was between $3.12{\mu}mole{\cdot}h^{-1}{\cdot}g$ fresh $weight^{-1}\;-\;15.1\;{\mu}mole{\cdot}h^{-1}{\cdot}g$ fresh $weight^{-1}$. Neutral amino acids cotransported with one $H^{+}per$ one molecule and one $K^{+}-efflux$ per one molecule for charge compensation. Histidine cotransported with proton per one molecule, however the movement of cotransported proton can't detectable because of the release of proton from the charged molecules of histidine in the medium.