• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.1328-1336
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• 2019

To maintain the safe and optimal performance of batteries, accurate estimation of state of charge (SOC) is critical. In this paper, Long short-term memory network (LSTM) based on the artificial intelligence algorithm is applied to address the problem of the conventional coulomb-counting method. Different discharge cycles are concatenated to form the dataset for training and verification. In oder to improve the quality of input data for learning, preprocessing was performed. In addition, we compared learning ability and SOC estimation performance according to the structure of LSTM model and hyperparameter setup. The trained model was verified with a UDDS profile and achieved estimated accuracy of RMSE 0.82% and MAX 2.54%.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.183-194
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• 2002

Biotite and its weathering Products in the weathering Profile of Andong granite were examined using X-ray diffraction, chemical analysis, and electron microscopy. Major weathering product of biotite was oxidized biotite, which is decomposed into kaolinite in the upper part. Discrete vermiculite or hydrobiotite was not detected although minor vermiculite (5%) was randomly interstratified with oxidized biotite. Excess positive charge induced by iron oxidation was balanced by release of Fe (16%) and Mg (12%) from octahedral site and K (13%) from interlayer site. After slight chemical and structural modification induced by iron oxidation, oxidized biotite persists through the weathering profiles with partial decomposition in the upper part of the profile. Formation environments and dissolution experiments of oxidized biotite highly resistant to weathering are required to understand the elemental behavior in the surface environments on the biotite-bearing bedrocks.

• Journal of Drive and Control
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.18-24
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• 2015

The plug-in hybrid electric vehicle has a high fuel economy and can be driven long distances. Its different modes include the electric vehicle, hybrid electric vehicle, and only engine operating mode. A power management strategy is important to determine which mode should be selected. The strategy makes the vehicle more efficient using appropriate power sources for driving. However, the strategy usually needs a driving speed profile which is future driving cycle. If the profile is known, the strategy easily determines which mode is driven efficiently. However, it is difficult to estimate the speed profile for a real system. To address this problem, this paper proposes a new power distribution strategy using a neural network. The average speed and driving range are used as input parameters to train the neural network system. The strategy determines a limit for the use of the battery and the desired power is distributed between the engine and the motor simultaneously. Its fuel economy can increase by improving the basic strategy.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.29-38
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• 2015

The Energy Storage System stores electricity for later use. This system can store electricity from legacy electric power systems or renewable energy systems into a battery device when demand is low. When there is high electricity demand, it uses the electricity previously stored and enables efficient energy usage and stable operation of the electric power system. It increases the energy usage efficiency, stabilizes the power supply system, and increases the utilization of renewable energy. The recent increase in the global interest for efficient energy consumption has increased the need for an energy storage system that can satisfy both the consumers' demand for stable power supply and the suppliers' demand for power demand normalization. In general, an energy storage system consists of a Power Conditioning System, a Battery Management System, a battery cell and peripheral devices. The specifications of the subsystems that form the energy storage system are manufacturer dependent. Since the core component interfaces are not standardized, there are difficulties in forming and operating the energy storage system. In this paper, the design of the profile structure for energy storage system and realization of private profiling system for energy storage system is presented. The profiling system accommodates diverse component settings that are manufacturer dependent and information needed for effective operation. The settings and operation information of various PCSs, BMSs, battery cells, and other peripheral device are analyzed to define profile specification and structure. A profile adapter software that can be applied to energy storage system is designed and implemented. The profiles for energy storage system generated by the profile authoring tool consist of a settings profile and operation profile. Setting profile consists of configuration information for energy device what composes energy saving system. To be more specific, setting profile has three parts of category as information for electric control module, sub system, and interface for communication between electric devices. Operation profile includes information in relation to the method in which controls Energy Storage system. The profiles are based on standard XML specification to accommodate future extensions. The profile system has been verified by applying it to an energy storage system and testing charge and discharge operations.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.154-163
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• 1997

Thermally-induced deformation in SMC(Sheet Molding Compound) products is analyzed using three dimensional finite element method. Planar fiber orientation, which causes the anisotropic material properties, is calculated through the flow analysis during the compression stage of the mold. Also curing process is analyzed to predict temperature profile which has significant effects on warpage of SMC products. Through the developed procedure, effects of various process conditions such as charge location, mold temperature, fiber contents, and fiber orientations on deformation of final products are studied. and processing strategies are proposed to reduce the warpage and the shrinkage.

• Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.15 no.spc2
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• pp.65-71
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• 2000

We have investigated the numerical methods to calculate model atmosphere for the analysis of spectral lines emitted from the sun and stars. Basic equations used in our calculations are radiative transfer, statistical equilibrium and charge-particle conservations. Transfer equation has been solved to get emitting spectral line profile as an initial value problem using Adams-Bashforth-Moulton method with accuracy as high as 12th order. And we have calculated above non linear differential equations simultaneously as a boundary value problem by finite difference method of 3 points approximation through Feautrier elimination scheme. It is found that all computing programs coded by above numerical methods work successfully for our model atmosphere.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.43-50
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• 2011

Carbon-nanotube metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (CN-MOSFET) is a promising future device candidate. The electrical characteristics of 16 nm N-type CN-MOSFETs are explored in this paper. The optimum N-type CN-MOSFET device profiles with different number of tubes are identified for achieving the highest on-state to off-state current ratio ($I_{on}/I_{off}$). The influence of substrate voltage on device performance is also investigated in this paper. Tradeoffs between subthreshold leakage current and overall switch quality are evaluated with different substrate bias voltages. Technology development guidelines for achieving high-speed, low-leakage, area efficient, and manufacturable carbon nanotube integrated circuits are provided.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2006.10d
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• pp.37-39
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 상변화소자의 구조 변화에 따른 열전달 현상과 reset 전류에 대한 시뮬레이션을 실행하였다. 상변화소자의 상변화재료의 profile에 따른 주울열의 발생 및 reset 전류의 변화량을 시뮬레이션 한 결과, 하부전극에서부터 도포되는 상변화재료 박막의 두께가 2000[A]인 경우는 541($^{\circ}C$)로 현저하게 발열온도가 낮아지는 것을 알 수 있다. 이는 저항체로 쓰이는 상변화재료의 저항 감소로 인해 발열량이 적게 되고 상변화재료를 통해 전달된 열이 상부전극 텅스텐과 접촉하면서 외부로 쉽게 전달되면서 빠져나감에 따라 온도가 많이 올라가지 않는 것으로 생각된다.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2017.11a
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• pp.47-48
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• 2017

This paper presents a low-cost portable lithium battery parameter measuring and estimating the solution. In this method, lithium battery characteristics are monitored during discharging and charging cycles. The battery profile is analyzed, and its key parameters are estimated by GNU Octave running on Raspberry Pi Zero, a mini computer. The proposed method can measure and estimate the battery parameters for SOC and DOD estimation with reasonable accuracy as well as portability features.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 1992.11a
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• pp.14-17
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• 1992

To analyze Nonvolatile SNOSFET(polySilicon-Nitride-Oxide-Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor) memory device, two dimensional numerical computer simulation program was developed. The equation discretization was performed by the Finite difference method and the solution was derived by the Iteration method. The doping profile of n-channel device which was fabricated by 1Mbit CMOS process was observed. The electrical potential and the carrier concentration distribution to applied bias condition were observed in the inner of a device. As a result of the write and the erase to memory charge quantity, the threshold voltage shift is expected. Therefore, without device fabrication, the operating characteristics of the device was observed under various the processing and the operating condition.