• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.64-70
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to determine whether a relationship existed between foot type and the location of plantar callus in healthy subjects. Twenty-five healthy subjects with plantar callus were recruited for this study. Foot deformities were classified according to the operational definitions as 1) a compensated forefoot varus, 2) an uncompensated forefoot varus or forefoot valgus, or 3) a compensated rearfoot varus. The location of plantar callus was divided into two regions. Fourteen of the 19 feet with compensated forefoot varus and six of the 9 feet showed plantar callus at the second, third or fourth metatarsal head. Five of the 6 feet with uncompensated forefoot varus and twenty of the 16 feet with forefoot valgus showed plantar callus at the first or fifth metatarsal head. A significant relationship was found between foot type and location of callus (p<.01). The results support the hypothesis that certain foot types are associated with characteristic patterns of pressure distribution and callus formation. We believe diabetic patients with insensitive feet and with the types of foot deformity should be fit with foot orthoses and footwears that accommodate their respective deformity in a position as near to the subtalar joint as possible with the goal of preventing plantar ulceration.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.545-552
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• 2002

The purpose of this paper is to investigate permeability characteristic of soil-bentonite landfill liner and development of desirable liner system. In this study, permeability tests for soil-bentonite, reactive soil-bentonite and apply bentomat and reactive mat are carried out under the low and high water pressure. According to test result, additional amount of bentonite decreases the coefficient of permeability up to the bentonite mixture ratio of 15%. Therefore, the permeability test for landfill liner's indicated that the use of general water would be in more safe side because the liner system show low permeability duet decrease effect of porous by suspended soild(SS). The permeability of leachate for Zeolite mixture ratio 0, 5, 10% with bentonite mixture ratio 15% showed negligible variation in the permeability with general water. Therefore, Zeolite could be used as a successful that is available purification material for the treatment of leachate, without changing the of landfill liners. Also odious smell could be removed by adding smell amount of Zeolite to the leachate. It was revealed that the bentomat and reactive mat installed in soil-bentonite layer effectively improved the permeability as well as purification of the leachate.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.1029-1037
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• 2008

The finite element analysis of transient water flow through unsaturated soils was used to investigate effects of hydraulic characteristics, initial relative degree of saturation, methods to consider boundary condition, and rainfall intensity and duration on water pressure in slopes. The finite element method with shear strength reduction technique was used to evaluate the stability of slopes under rainfall. The slope-related disasters in Korea usually occur between July and September during the typhoon and localized heavy rain. This means that the rainfall is the most important factor that leads to the slope-related disasters. The slope-related disasters can happen at very short time and lead to big damage. To forecast the change of the heave of the groundwater in slope the Seep/w program was used.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 2008

From a CCRF-excited zinc vapour laser with overlapped DC-discharge were emitted following 6 laser lines: two blue at 491.162[nm] and 492.403[nm], an orange at 589.433[nm] and three infrared lines at 747.879[nm], 758.848[nm] and 773.25[nm]. The discharge parameters were determined for an optimal laser operation. At a RF-power of 400[W] with the frequency 13.56[MHz] the optimal temperature of the oven lay between 780[K] and 800[K], the He-pressure between 3.5[kPa] and 5.5[kPa].

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.41-46
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• 2009

The low dielectric SiOCH films were deposited on p-type Si(100) substrates through the dissociation of BTMSM $(((CH_3)_3Si)_2CH_2)$ precursors with oxygen gas by using PECVD method. BTMSM precursor was introduced with the flow rates from 42 to 60 sccm by 2 sccm step into reaction chamber but with the constant flow rate of 60 sccm $O_2$. SiOCH thin films were annealed at $450^{\circ}C$ for 30 minutes. The electrical property of SiOCH thin films was studied by MIS, Al/SiOCH/p-Si(100), structure. Annealed samples showed large reduction of the maximum capacitance yielding low dielectric constant owing to reductions of surface charge density. After exposure at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, dielectric constant of SiOCH films was totally increased. However, annealed SiOCH thin films were more stable than as-deposited SiOCH thin films for natural oxidation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.270-270
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• 2008

We present details of experimental results in the fabrication of high density line patterns, using imprint technique that can provide a simple and comparatively cost-effective manufacturing means. Barrier array structures for display or interconnects for semiconductor applications were the aims of this study. For pattern fabrication, a polymer layer (Ajinomoto GX-13 dielectric film) with a thickness of 38um that can act as either an insulating or a dielectric layer was laminated on a substrate. Fine tracks were then formed using a patterned stamp under isostatic pressure. The line width was ranged between 10 to 60 mm. A self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of fluorinated alkylchlorosilane [$CF_3(CF_2)5(CH_2)2SiCl_3$] as an anti-sticking layer was coated on the surface of the stamp prior to thermal imprint to improve the de-molding characteristic.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.121-122
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• 2008

Lithium Niobate (LN:LiNbO3) is a compound of niobium, lithium and oxygen. The characteristics of LN are piezoelectricity, ferroelectricity and photoelectricity, and which is widely used in surface acoustic wave (SAW). To manufacture LN device, the LN surface should be a smooth surface and defect-free because of optical property, but the LN material is processed difficult by traditional processes such as grinding and mechanical polishing (MP) because of its brittleness. To decrease defects, chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) was applied to the LN wafer. In this study, the suitable parameters scuh as pressure and relative velocity, were investigated for the LN CMP process. To improve roughness, the LN CMP was performed using the parameters that were the highest removal rate among process parameters. And, evaluation of optical property was performed by the optical reflectance and non-linear characteristic.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2006.10a
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• pp.198-199
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• 2006

AC spark discharge voltage of SF6/C02and SF6/N2 containing various mixed rate in volume percent (1, 5 and 10%) of SF6 in non-uniform fields are investigated. The needle to plane electrode gap spacing was 5 and 10 mm, and the gas pressure was varied within the range of 0.1${\sim}$0.7 MPa. We have observed a N-characteristic typical for the electronegative gases even in gas mixtures of 1% SF6 with CO2 and N2 as buffer gases. Especially, the materials of the needle electrode affect the insulation properties of the gas mixtures drastically. On the contrary to the case of needle electrodes made by mild steel or high carbon steel, the N-characteristics are hardly perceived in the case of stainless steel needle in this experiment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.443-448
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• 1992

We investigated characteristics of the taste components in traditional Korean soybean paste. The taste components in forty samples of the soybean paste were analyzed by gas chromatography, high pressure liquid chromatography and amino acid autoanalyzer and the taste of the soybean paste was investigated by sen-sory evaluation. The relationship between the taste components and sensory score was analyzed by the method of principal component analysis and stepwise multiple regression analysis. Characteristics of the traditional Korean soybean paste appeared to consist of sweet taste, palatable taste, saline taste, bitter taste and sour taste. They contribute to the characteristic taste with the contributing proportion of 25.97%, 17.84%, 8.58％, 7.79% and 3.12%, respectively.

• BMB Reports
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.1-2
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• 2018

Positive selection on a new beneficial mutation generates a characteristic pattern of DNA sequence polymorphism when it reaches an intermediate allele frequency. On genome sequences of African Drosophila melanogaster, we detected such signatures of selection at 37 candidate loci and identified "sweeping haplotypes (SHs)" that are increasing or have increased rapidly in frequency due to hitchhiking. Based on geographic distribution of SH frequencies, we could infer whether selective sweeps occurred starting from de novo beneficial mutants under simple constant selective pressure. Single SHs were identified at more than half of loci. However, at many other loci, we observed multiple independent SHs, implying soft selective sweeps due to a high beneficial mutation rate or parallel evolution across space. Interestingly, SH frequencies were intermediate across multiple populations at about a quarter of the loci despite relatively low migration rates inferred between African populations. This invokes a certain form of frequency-dependent selection such as heterozygote advantage. At one locus, we observed a complex pattern of multiple independent that was compatible with recurrent frequency-dependent positive selection on new variants. In conclusion, genomic patterns of positive selection are very diverse, with equal contributions of hard and soft sweeps and a surprisingly large proportion of frequency-dependent selection in D. melanogaster populations.