• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.65-69
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• 2006

The present study was undertaken to explore the role of autonomic nerves in the regulation of sodium transporters and water channels in the salivary gland. Rats were denervated of their sympathetic or parasympathetic nerves to the submandibular gland. One week later, the expression of Na,K-ATPase, epithelial sodium channels (ENaC), and aquaporins (AQP) was examined in the denervated and contralateral glands. The sympathetic denervation slightly but significantly decreased the expression of ${\alpha}1$ subunit of Na,K-ATPase, whereas the parasympathetic denervation increased it. The expression of ${\alpha}$-subunit of ENaC was significantly increased in both the denervated and contralateral glands either by the sympathetic or parasympathetic denervation. The sympathetic denervation significantly increased the expression of AQP5 in both the denervated and contralateral glands, whereas the parasympathetic denervation decreased it. It is suggested that the autonomic nerves have a tonic effect on the regulation of sodium transporters and AQP water channels in the salivary gland.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.269-286
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• 2011

In this paper, we study a problem that is concerning how to construct a delay-constrained multicast tree on a wireless mesh network (WMN) such that the number of serviced clients is maximized. In order to support high-quality and concurrent interference-free transmission streams, multiple radios are implemented in each mesh node in the WMNs. Instead of only orthogonal channels used for the multicast in the previous works, both orthogonal and partially overlapping channels are considered in this study. As a result, the number of links successfully allocated channels can be expected to be much larger than that of the approaches in which only orthogonal channels are considered. The number of serviced subscribers is then increased dramatically. Hence, the goal of this study is to find interference-free and delay-constrained multicast trees that can lead to the maximal number of serviced subscribers. This problem is referred as the MRDCM problem. Two heuristics, load-based greedy algorithm and load-based MCM algorithm, are developed for constructing multicast trees. Furthermore, two load-based channel assignment procedures are provided to allocate interference-free channels to the multicast trees. A set of experiments is designed to do performance, delay and efficiency comparisons for the multicast trees generated by all the approximation algorithms proposed in this study.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.19-26
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• 2005

The last two decades have shown a marked expansion in publications of diverse effects of Panax ginseng. Ginsenosides, as active ingredients of Panax ginseng, are saponins found in only ginseng. Recently, a line of evidences shows that ginsenosides regulate various types of ion channel activity such as $Ca^{2+},\;K^+,\;Na^+,\;Cl^-$, or ligand gated ion channels (i.e. $5-HT_3$, nicotinic acetylcholine, or NMDA receptor) in neuronal, non-neuronal cells, and heterologously expressed cells. Ginsenosides inhibit voltage-dependent $Ca^{2+},\;K^+,\;and\;Na^+$ channels, whereas ginsenosides activate $Ca^{2+}-activated\;Cl^-\;and\;Ca^{2+}-activated\;K^+$ channels. Ginsenosides also inhibit excitatory ligand-gated ion channels such as $5-HT_3$, nicotinic acetylcholine, and NMDA receptors. This review will introduce recent findings on the ginsenoside-induced differential regulations of ion channel activities and will further expand the possibilities how these ginsenoside-induced ion channel regulations are coupled to biological effects of Panax ginseng.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.100-106
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• 2006

We analyze a voice/data integrated traffic model of the cellular mobile communication system with hybrid guard channels for voice and handoff calls. In a multi-service integrated wireless environment, quality of service guarantee is crucial for smooth transportation of real time information. Real time voice traffic requires a guaranteed upper bounded on both delay and packet error rate, whereas data traffic does not. Voice traffic has high transmission priority over data packets. Thus one of the important problems is the design of admission control schemes which can efficiently accommodate the differential quality of service requirements. In this paper, a hybrid guard channel scheme is considered in which arriving calls are assigned channels as long as the number of busy channels in the cell is below a predetermined first threshold. When the number of busy channels reaches the first threshold, new originating data calls are queued in the infinite data buffer. Then reaches second threshold, only handoff calls are assigned the remaining channels and new originating voice calls are blocked. We evaluate the system by a two-dimensional Markov chain approach and generating function method and obtain performance measures included blocking probability and forced termination probability.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.1866-1883
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• 2019

As the youngest branch of information hiding, network covert timing channels conceal the existence of secret messages by manipulating the timing information of the overt traffic. The popular model-based framework for constructing covert timing channels always utilizes cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the inter-packet delays (IPDs) to modulate secret messages, whereas discards high-order statistics of the IPDs completely. The consequence is the vulnerability to high-order statistical tests, e.g., entropy test. In this study, a rich security model of covert timing channels is established based on IPD chains, which can be used to measure the distortion of multi-order timing statistics of a covert timing channel. To achieve rich security, we propose two types of covert timing channels based on nested lattices. The CDF of the IPDs is used to construct dot-lattice and interval-lattice for quantization, which can ensure the cell density of the lattice consistent with the joint distribution of the IPDs. Furthermore, compensative quantization and guard band strategy are employed to eliminate the regularity and enhance the robustness, respectively. Experimental results on real traffic show that the proposed schemes are rich-secure, and robust to channel interference, whereas some state-of-the-art covert timing channels cannot evade detection under the rich security model.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.45-53
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• 2019

Moving image sharing technology has developed various servers and programs for personal broadcasting. In this paper, we propose the method of transmitting the multiple moving image, including the output channel of external streaming server. It also implements and tests multiple real-time broadcast channel automatic transmission systems that assign multiple output channels to automatic output channels. As a result of the experiment, it is easy to allocate moving image to broadcast channels that are output through the external streaming server's output channels regardless of the size of the streaming server, enabling the management of efficient output channels at the time of transmission of multiple moving image. The moving image can be provided through streaming method regardless of the type of moving image from the moving image provider terminal, and the moving image transmission can be controlled in various ways, including adding and changing channels for which the moving image is sent, and sending delayed to the moving image.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.21-28
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• 2021

Purpose: Facing numerous challenges, organizational management is one of the most important research areas for organizations which handles workers' behaviors when they are within their workplace and organization to make more profits. The current research aims to analyze the effect of organizational management factors on direct employee consultation in distribution channels. Research design, data, and methodology: To achieve the purpose of the study and provide adequate empirical results, the current authors conducted the structural equation analysis using IBM AMOS 24.0 and collected 387 U.S employees in distribution channels (Wholesale and Retail shops). Results: Investigating the relationships between three organizational management factors and direct employee consultation, we found out that organizational practitioners in distribution channels face numerous challenges that must be resolved to ensure effective direct employee consultation to benefit employees. Empirical findings suggest that practitioners and leaders in distribution channels should focus on developing employee psychological management and utilizing direct employee consultation. Conclusions: In sum, the present research concludes that it must ensure that the employee in distribution channels should be a comfortable environment to appropriately respond to consultations. An approachable management team is ideal for employee consultations to find the right ways to keep employees at par with the consultation issues.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.95-103
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• 2023

Rosiglitazone is a thiazolidinedione-class antidiabetic drug that reduces blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin levels. We here investigated the interaction of rosiglitazone with Kv3.1 expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells using the wholecell patch-clamp technique. Rosiglitazone rapidly and reversibly inhibited Kv3.1 currents in a concentration-dependent manner (IC₅₀ = 29.8 µM) and accelerated the decay of Kv3.1 currents without modifying the activation kinetics. The rosiglitazonemediated inhibition of Kv3.1 channels increased steeply in a sigmoidal pattern over the voltage range of -20 to +30 mV, whereas it was voltage-independent in the voltage range above +30 mV, where the channels were fully activated. The deactivation of Kv3.1 current, measured along with tail currents, was also slowed by the drug. In addition, the steady-state inactivation curve of Kv3.1 by rosiglitazone shifts to a negative potential without significant change in the slope value. All the results with the use dependence of the rosiglitazone-mediated blockade suggest that rosiglitazone acts on Kv3.1 channels as an open channel blocker.

• BMB Reports
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.172-177
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• 2023

BEST family is a class of Ca²⁺-activated Cl- channels evolutionary well conserved from bacteria to human. The human BEST paralogs (BEST1-BEST4) share significant amino acid sequence homology in the N-terminal region, which forms the transmembrane helicases and contains the direct calcium-binding site, Ca²⁺-clasp. But the cytosolic C-terminal region is less conserved in the paralogs. Interestingly, this domain-specific sequence conservation is also found in the BEST1 orthologs. However, the functional role of the C-terminal region in the BEST channels is still poorly understood. Thus, we aimed to understand the functional role of the C-terminal region in the human and mouse BEST1 channels by using electrophysiological recordings. We found that the calcium-dependent activation of BEST1 channels can be modulated by the C-terminal region. The C-terminal deletion hBEST1 reduced the Ca²⁺-dependent current activation and the hBEST1-mBEST1 chimera showed a significantly reduced calcium sensitivity to hBEST1 in the HEK293 cells. And the C-terminal domain could regulate cellular expression and plasma membrane targeting of BEST1 channels. Our results can provide a basis for understanding the C-terminal roles in the structure-function of BEST family proteins.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.729-742
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• 2023

This two-part study explores the changes in the types of perceived value and consumption channels for vintage clothing and the relationship between the two variables. In Study 1, we used text mining with the keyword "fashion+vintage." Emotional value was the most frequently mentioned, and environmental value increased the most. We also revealed an increasing trend in online channels for vintage clothing consumption. In Study 2, we analyzed 30 interviews with consumers who had purchased vintage clothing through online channels. We identified 7 attributes and 20 goals for vintage consumption online and pinpointed three strong connections. First, consumers reported high levels of service satisfaction due to the usefulness of algorithms. Second, the authenticity and heritage information available through online and mobile channels were associated with consumers' perceptions of value related to financial benefits. Third, consumers sought to find rare products through online channels, leading to a strong influence on their sense of achievement. Overall, this study proposed ways to increase the value of vintage clothing perceived by consumers through consumption online.