• 자원환경지질
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.437-457
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• 2004

인도네시아 중부 칼리만탄 쿠알라쿠룬 지역의 지질은 하부로부터 석탄-페름기의 피노변성암류, 백악기 세파욱심성암류, 에오세말기의 탄중층과 올리고세의 말라산화산암류로 구성되며, 올리고세-마이오세초기의 신탕관입암류가 상기한 모든 지층들을 관입하고 있다. 퇴적층인 탄중층은 전체적으로 북쪽으로부터 남쪽으로 발달하는 고수류계를 유지하는 삼각주 환경과 천해 해저 환경에서 퇴적되었다. 고생대 후기의 변성퇴적암류가 퇴적된 이후부터 발생한 4회의 변형작용이 인지된다. D1 변형작용은 광역변성작용을 수반한 변성암류의 습곡작용 및 S1 편리구조 형성으로 특징 지워진다. D2 변형작용은 백악기 화강암질암 내에 발생한 연성전단작용이며, D3 변형작용은 북동 내지 동북동 방향의 축을 갖는 습곡작용 및 이에 수반된 S2 파랑벽개의 형성으로 정의된다. D4 변형작용은 제3기 동안 남-북 방향의 압축응력하에서 발생한 단층작용으로서, 북동 방향의 좌수향 주향이동단층, 북서 방향의 우수향 주향이동단층, 남-북 내지 북북동 방향의 정단층 등이 형성 되었다. 이 단층작용은 제3기 지층의 퇴적과 분포에 영향을 끼친 것으로 해석된다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.370-379
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• 2020

Econazole, a potent broad-spectrum antifungal agent and a Ca²⁺ channel antagonist, induces cytotoxicity in leukemia cells and is used for the treatment of skin infections. However, little is known about its cytotoxic effects on solid tumor cells. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanism underlying econazole-induced toxicity in vitro and evaluated its regulatory effect on the metastasis of gastric cancer cells. Using the gastric cancer cell lines AGS and SNU1 expressing wild-type p53 we demonstrated that econazole could significantly reduce cell viability and colony-forming (tumorigenesis) ability. Econazole induced G0/G1 phase arrest, promoted apoptosis, and effectively blocked proliferation- and survival-related signal transduction pathways in gastric cancer cells. In addition, econazole inhibited the secretion of matrix metalloproteinase- 2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9, which degrade the extracellular matrix and basement membrane. Econazole also effectively inhibited the metastasis of gastric cancer cells, as confirmed from cell invasion and wound healing assays. The protein level of p53 was significantly elevated after econazole treatment of AGS and SNU1 cells. However, apoptosis was blocked in econazole-treated cells exposed to a p53-specific small-interfering RNA to eliminate p53 expression. These results provide evidence that econazole could be repurposed to induce gastric cancer cell death and inhibit cancer invasion.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.11-15
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• 1977

1977~76년에 부산수산대학의 오태산호를 사용하여 북서태평양의 소련 Kamchatka 반도와 Kurile열도 근해에서 해양 관측, 음향 측심 및 해류 조사를 실시한 자료를 해석하고, 해수유동과 해저지형과의 관련성 등에 관하여 검토하였다. Kamchaka 반도 동방의 대륙붕은 넓게 확장되어 그 폭은 약 75km에 달하고 그 경사는 완만하다(1~2。). 이 대륙붕은 Paramushir도 동방에서 폭이 좁아져서 약 36km가 되고 경사가 급해진다. Onekotan만 동쪽 약 20mile 해역에는 대륙붕이 조금 짤라져 해삼 모양의 솟은 곳이 있고, 그 단면은 평두해산과 비슷하다. Kurile열도 동방 Oyashio 해류 유역에서 직접 측류한 결과는 약 1kt로서 해류의 역학계산으로 얻은 유속 0.5~0.7kt 보다 조금 빨랐다. Oyashio 해류 동쪽 가장자리에는 강한 해류와 개속된 대소 규모의 좌선 및 우선 소용돌이가 줄지어 있다.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.69-77
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• 2015

Cell-cell direct communication through channel-forming molecules, connexin (Cx), is essential for a tissue to exchange signaling molecules between neighboring cells and establish unique functional characteristics during postnatal development. The corpus epididymis is a well-known androgen-responsive tissue and involves in proper sperm maturation. In the present research, it was attempted to determine if expression of Cx isoforms in the corpus epididymis in the adult is modulated by exposure to estrogenic or anti-androgenic compound during the early postnatal period. The neonatal male rats at 7 days of age were subcutaneously injected by estradiol benzoate (EB) at low-dose ($0.015{\mu}g/kg$ body weight) or high-dose ($1.5{\mu}g/kg$ body weight) or flutamide (Flu) at low-dose ($500{\mu}g/kg$ body weight) or high-dose (50 mg/kg body weight). The corpus epididymis collected at 4 months of age was subjected to evaluate expressional changes of Cx isoforms by quantitative real-time PCR. Treatment of low-dose EB resulted in increases of Cx32, Cx37, and Cx45 transcript levels, while exposure to high-dose EB decreased expression of Cx26, Cx30.3, Cx31, Cx31.1, Cx32, Cx40, Cx43, and Cx45. Treatments of Flu caused significant decreases of expression of all examined Cx isoforms, except Cx37 and Cx43 shown no expressional change with high-dose Flu treatment. These findings imply that expression of most Cx isoforms present in the corpus epididymis would be transcriptionally regulated by actions of androgen and/or estrogen during postnatal period.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제15권11호
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• pp.509-523
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• 2015

세계 관광트렌드는 스마트 기기라는 새로운 정보유통채널의 출현으로 기존의 대량관광, 단체관광 중심에서 개별관광 중심으로 관광의 패러다임이 급속히 재편되고 있다. 따라서 이러한 변화에 선제적으로 대응하고 관광선진국으로 진입하기 위해서는 첨단 ICT기술을 적극 활용하여 선진화된 스마트관광 환경을 구축하는 것이 시급한 과제가 되고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 스마트관광 발전현황 및 국내외 사례 분석을 통해 문제점을 도출해보고 이에 부응하는 정책적 대안을 분야별로 제시하였다. 첫째, 인프라 구축에서는 스마트관광 유통플랫폼 및 빅데이터 분석시스템 구축을 제시하였다. 둘째, 수요자 맞춤형 관광콘텐츠 개발부문에서는 융복합 관광콘텐츠 및 사용자경험(UX) 기반 콘텐츠 개발 등을 주문하였다. 셋째, 거버넌스에서는 스마트관광 민관협의체 구성 및 창조관광기업 육성 등을 제안하였다. 본 연구결과는 향후 관련 실무자에게 스마트관광 활성화 관련 사업전략을 수립하는데 유용한 참고자료가 될 것으로 기대된다.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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• 제37권7호
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• pp.18-23
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• 2000

능동 위상배열 안테나는 방사부 및 저잡음증폭기와 위상천이기를 포함하는 능동회로부가 결합된 다수의 채널들로 구성된다. 각각의 채널은 능동회로부의 초기위상 및 이득의 비균일성, 방사소자와 능동회로부의 인터페이스 및 빔성형회로의 편차 등으로 인하여 제각기 다른 양의 초기위상 및 이득값을 갖게 된다. 이는 능동 위상배열 안테나에 내재된 문제점으로서, 설계된 안테나 방사패턴 및 안테나 이득을 실제로 구현하기 위해서는 각각의 채널의 초기위상 및 이득 편차를 보정할 필요가 있다. 본 논문에서는 능동 위상배열 안테나에 대하여 초기위상 및 이득의 편차를 효율적으로 보정하여 안테나 성능을 최대로 향상시키는 새로운 보정 방법을 제시하였다. 실제 이 방법을 수행하여 12개의 상당히 비균일한 채널의 초기위상 천이 및 이득을 보정하여 안테나 이득을 2.0dB 이상 향상시켰다.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.274-282
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• 2015

This research is the result on calculating the logical speed limit through certain process which some elements must be considered on selecting the speed limit of harbour and waterway. The suggested speed limit select model on this research is processed from 1~6 steps by forming a professional group of experts. Each step has its information which 1st step(water division), 2nd step(selecting the model vessel and vessel applied with speed limit.), 3rd step(selecting the maximum and minimum speed range on each section), 4th step(evaluation on the safeness of traffic), 5th step(suggesting the appropriate speed limit), 6th step(execution and evaluation.). The appropriate speed limit was decided on consideration of the safety of maritime traffic on the range of the maximum speed and the minimum speed. This model was used to derive the appropriate speed limit on the harbour water and Busan harbour entrance waterway. As the result, the harbour water was calculated to be 6.9 knots, the appropriate speed limit of Busan entrance harbour was 9.3 knots. The present calculation of the speed limit on the approaching channel area is 10 knots, inner harbour area is 7 knots, which are similar to the result of the speed limit. This research is the first research on selecting the speed limit model and has its limits on finding the perfect speed limit result. More detailed standards on the safeness of traffic evaluation must be found and additional study is necessary on discriminating consideration of the elements. This research has its value which it provides instances of aboard cases on guidelines of selecting the speed limit.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2017년도 추계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.139-140
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• 2017

This technology employs a method of forming a single-ply PLUS waterproofing sheet layer comprised of applying a single-ply synthetic polymer layer on a vibrating structure (steel frame, RC) or an inclined surface by using a T joint lap-filling coil and an embedded metal coated sheet. The T - joint reinforcing lap-filling coil was used to block the ingress channel of the rainwater by applying the material in the vulnerable area where the three sides of the waterproof sheet overlapped. Conventional waterproofing techniques have a problem in that the waterproof sheet is pierced because the end portion of the waterproof sheet applied to the vertical portion is fixed by a nail, and the sealant applied to the end portion of the sheet cannot easily secure long-term waterproof durability due to the influence of the external environment. Therefore, the developed technology secured the waterproof durability against the vertical part by using the embedded metal sheet. In addition, automatic hot-air fusing is used to improve the quality of waterproof construction and point fixation method using fixed hardware. This is a technology that is not significantly restricted in the high degradation level regions of domestic waterproof construction environments in Korea such as low-temperature environment, wet floor.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.379-389
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• 2017

Connexin (Cx) involves in the regulation of various physiological functions of tissue by forming a channel, a gap junction which allows direct cell-cell communication, between adjacent cells. The effect of a single subcutaneous treatment of estradiol benzoate (EB) or flutamide (Flu) at the weaning age on the expression of Cx isoforms in the adult caput epididymis was evaluated in this research. Using quantitative real-time PCR analysis, a low-dose of EB [$0.015{\mu}g/kg$ body weight (BW)] caused significant decreases of Cx30.3, Cx32, Cx40, Cx43, and Cx45 mRNA levels and no change of Cx26, Cx31, Cx31.1, Cx37 transcript levels. The treatment of a high-dose EB ($1.5{\mu}g/kg\;BW$) resulted in reduced expression of Cx30.3, Cx31, Cx43, and Cx45 but increased expression of Cx37 and Cx40. Expression of all Cx isoforms examined, except Cx31, was significantly increased by the treatment of a low-dose Flu ($500{\mu}g/kg\;BW$). However, the treatment of a high-dose Flu (5 mg/kg BW) led significant expressional suppression of Cx30.3, Cx31, Cx31.1, Cx32, Cx40, Cx43, and Cx45 but an increase of Cx37 transcript level. With the comparison of previous findings, the expression of Cx isoforms in the adult epididymis after the exposure to EB or Flu is likely differentially regulated in regional-specific and/or exposed postnatal age-specific manner.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.105-111
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• 2019

PURPOSE. Limited data is available regarding the differences for possible microleakage problems and fitting accuracy of zirconia versus titanium abutments with various connection designs. The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the effect of connection design and abutment material on the sealing capability and fitting accuracy of abutments. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A total of 42 abutments with different connection designs [internal conical (IC), internal tri-channel (IT), and external hexagonal (EH)] and abutment materials [titanium (Ti) and zirconia (Zr)] were evaluated. The inner parts of implants were inoculated with $0.7{\mu}L$ of polymicrobial culture (P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, T. denticola and F. nucleatum) and connected with their respective abutments under sterile conditions. The penetration of bacteria into the surrounding media was assessed by the visual evaluation of turbidity at each time point and the number of colony forming units (CFUs) was counted. The marginal gap at the implant- abutment interface (IAI) was measured by scanning electron microscope. The data sets were statistically analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis followed by Mann-Whitney U tests with the Bonferroni-Holm correction (${\alpha}=.05$). RESULTS. Statistically significant difference was found among the groups based on the results of leaked colonies (P<.05). The EH-Ti group characterized by an external hexagonal connection were less resistant to bacterial leakage than the groups EH-Zr, IT-Zr, IT-Ti, IC-Zr, and IC-Ti (P<.05). The marginal misfit (in ${\mu}m$) of the groups were in the range of 2.7-4.0 (IC-Zr), 1.8-5.3 (IC-Ti), 6.5-17.1 (IT-Zr), 5.4-12.0 (IT-Ti), 16.8-22.7 (EH-Zr), and 10.3-15.4 (EH-Ti). CONCLUSION. The sealing capability and marginal fit of abutments were affected by the type of abutment material and connection design.