• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.177-182
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• 2012

It is widely recognised that changes in size and isolation of habitat patches have a negative impact on species richness and the distribution and persistence of populations. Thus, the aim of the research was to analyze the change, distribution and spatial characteristics of woodlands in an urban fringe landscape. The results indicated that there was a common trend of woodland loss across all landscape types while no new woodlands were established during 1976 and 2009. Small patches (less than 5 ha in size) were particularly vulnerable to and more likely to disappear due to human activities such as urbanisation. Changes in woodland cover were clearly observed between 1976 and 2009. Loss of many woodlands was caused by residential and infrastructural developments. As a result, woodlands were becoming smaller and more isolated. This trend probably had adverse effects on biodiversity. This woodland information can be used to identify the potential and specific needs for conservation planning in rapidly developing urban areas.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2006

Adaptation to any undesirable change in the environment dictates the survivability of many microorganisms, with such changes generating a quick and suitable response, which guides the physiology of bacteria. During nutritional deprivation, bacteria show a stringent response, as characterized by the accumulation of (p)ppGpp, resulting in the repression of stable RNA species, such as rRNA and tRNA, with a concomitant change in colony morphology. However, genes involved in amino acid biosynthesis become over-expressed to help bacteria survive under such conditions. The survivability of pathogenic bacteria inside a host cell also depends upon the stringent response demonstrated. Therefore, an understanding of the physiology of stringent conditions becomes very interesting in regulation of the growth and persistence of such invading pathogens.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.278-302
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• 1994

This article reviewed and analyzed 39 studies on self efficacy theory applied to health related behavior. The following analysis was done : 1) study subjects 2) measurement tools 3) analysis according to the type of research design(intervention re-search, explanatory research). Some findings are summarized as follows : The study subjects were both healthy people in various developmental stages and patients with various illnesses. The health related behaviors examined in the studies were also various including exercise, smoking cessation, self care behaviors, etc. The measurement of self efficacy was done with specific tools in most studies. In the tools, activities that measured the health behavior domain were listed according to increasing difficulty or contexual arrangement or in combination of both of them The analysis of 17 intervention research studies showed that generally the intervention program increased the self efficacy level of subjects and then the increased strongly self efficacy influenced behavioral changes. Most studies used more than one intervention method for increasing the self efficacy level. these were derived from sources of self efficacy suggested by Bandura. The analysis of 21 explanatory research studies showed that self efficacy strongly influenced behavior change and persistence. The major independent variable to affect the self efficacy was performance accomplishment in the past. Self efficacy explained more of the variance in health related behavior when it was applied with the variables in the health belief model, health promotion model, and reasoned action theory. On the basis of the above findings, the following suggestions are made : 1. For a desirable research design, self efficacy should be the intervening variable. That is, desirable designs would include intervention-self efficacy-behavior in intervention research studies and antecedent-self efficacy-behavior in explanatory research studies. 2. More prospective, longitudinal studies are needed to test the effect of self efficacy on persistence in health related behavior. 3. Studies comparing the effects of intervention methods are needed for each health related behavior, subject group, and context. 4. It is necessary to develop a reliable, valid measurement tool for self efficacy for each health related behavior. 5. Studies to differenciate the effect of self efficacy from that of outcome expectation on the health related behavior are necessary. 6. The antecedents of self efficacy should be investigated further.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.183-187
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• 2006

Objective : Hemifacial spasm has characteristic and specific electrophysiological finding, lateral spread response[LSR]. We study the correlation between change of lateral spread response during microvascular decompression[MVD] and clinical outcome after MVD. Methods : Sixty two patients with hemifacial spasm who were treated with microvascular decompression from March 2000 to February 2003 were included in this study. The monitoring of intraoperative facial electromyography[EMG] and brain stem auditory evoked potential were performed. Results : In 28 [44.7%] patients, there was persistence of lateral spread response after vascular decompression in root exit zone of facial nerve. Among these 28 patients, 9 had mild hemifacial spasm at discharge. Three out of 34 patients who had intraoperative disappearance of lateral spread response after MVD had mild hemifacial spasm. But Both groups, disappearance of LSR [Group I], and persistence [Group II] had only 2 patients with mild hemifacial spasm, and 5 patients at 3 months, respectively. Conclusion : Although intraoperative EMG monitoring is very useful in assessing the efficacy of MVD, the clinical outcome of MVD in patient with hemifacial spasm does not always correlate with EMG finding. The prognostic value of intraoperative LSR monitoring in the long-term results is questionable.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.597-606
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• 2019

Due to climate change, coastal areas are being flooded with torrential rain, typhoons, and tsunamis. In addition, non-point source pollutants (NPSs) that accumulated on the ground, streets, and buildings during the dry season are washed off by rain and stormwater runoff, which adds to the damage associated with environmental pollution, e.g., pollution that makes its way into the ocean. Recently, low impact development (LID) has been considered as a means of controlling water circulation and NPSs. In the coastal area, permeable blocks have been constructed mainly to reduce the flood damage caused by waves. Some important design factors that must be considered to ensure long-term performance are the permeability coefficient, clogging, and the efficiency of the removal of total suspended solids (TSS), but currently there are no standardized design criteria or testing techniques that are used worldwide. Herein, we analyzed the permeability coefficient and the TSS removal efficiency tendency according to the permeability area ratio with an easily-detachable, permeable block filled with calcinated yellow soils as the filter media. Our lab-scale tests indicated that, when the permeability area ratio was 25%, the reduction of the permeability coefficient after clogged was 11%, which was a significant decrease compared to other cases. Permeability persistence increased when the permeability area ratio increased from 50% to 75%. The TSS removal efficiency decreased as the permeability area ratio increased. Our pilot-scale test indicated that the TSS removal efficiency was more than 80% higher in all cases. We also found that the permeability persistence was excellent as the permeability area ratio increased, and, in actual construction, it is effective to set 5.3% of the total area as permeable area in terms of permeability and economic feasibility.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.43-50
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• 2012

This study sets out to examine how a brand image that matches the advertising model has a positive impact on brand attitude and price fairness perceptions. We reviewed the constructs on the basis of previous studies and each of the concepts has been redefined. One such concept, "image congruence," refers to the harmony, fitness, and matching quality of images. For example, how well celebrity advertising model is matches the brand image shows image congruence. Results are summarized as follows: First, the congruence of brand image and sports advertising model has no significant impact on brand attitude certainty and persistence. Second, the individual's brand attitude certainty and brand attitude persistence has a positive impact on the perceptions of price fairness. Third, the congruence of brand image and sports advertising model has a positive impact on the perceptions of price fairness. The first and the third results suggest that the positive impact on the price fairness perceptions is temporary but it has insignificant effects on the formation of brand attitude causing ongoing purchases. In other words, in order to influence consumers' long-term confidence on the brand, improving the quality of products or services has to precede promotional strategies such as advertising. When an advertising model is inappropriate for the brand image, consumers perceive product price changes as a negative issue in the short term. However, in the long term, attitude formation such as consumers' repurchase intentions and word of mouth will be not affected. The second result suggests that an already existing positive brand attitude can contribute more positively to change the perceptions of price fairness. In particular, attitude persistence has greater influence than attitude certainty on the price fairness. It suggests that persistence issues such as the trading period and the frequency of transactions must be managed and controlled because they are more important than the certainty issues such as strength of belief or trust. For example, when a commercial model for expensive sporting goods matches up with the brand image, consumer feels less pressure on the price changes. However, it does not determine the consumer's repeated purchases or sustainable transactions and it also has no absolute impact on the brand trust. In other words, consumer brand attitude should be recognized and approached as a routine strategy in view of the result that it is of great value as a causal variable in the process of consumer decision-making.

• Water for future
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.49-56
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• 1980

The thesis of this analytical study includes 1) the generation of annual and monthly discharge regarding single hydrological variable at single site, 2)comparsion with the historical records and the generation, and 3) changing the monthly generatied discharge into annual. The conclusion of this will be used for the future plan for water resources development. Annual discharges at waegwan are characterized by log-normal distirbution and persistence-absent. Also, the random number generator causes the errors in the generation of annual discharge. The serial correlation coefficients of the generated annual discharge have less value than that of historical records, while the correlation coefficient and slope in January have(+) value and opposite to historical record. To change the monthly generated discharge into annual is not proper.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.155-160
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• 2021

The masticatory muscle disorder is the most common problem that patients with temporomandibular disorder often complain. For such complaints, treatment is directed towards reducing hyperactivity of muscles or effects of the central nervous system. However, if nonspecific occlusal change or pain persists, it is necessary to consider that muscle weakness might be the cause of the persistence of temporomandibular disorder. Stabilization of occlusion and improvement of the pain symptoms were achieved in both cases through the chewing gum exercise. This exercise may enable masticatory movements done in normal function by using muscle engram and achieve reinforcement of the masticatory muscles with balanced, simultaneous contacts of the teeth. In addition, it may be a viable method for treating temporomandibular disorders that do not respond well to conventional mandibular stabilization therapies.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.113-123
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• 2022

Purpose: The present study aims to identify research trends on diabetes mellitus (DM) self-management intervention, suggesting directions for follow-up studies through a scoping review. Methods: This study conducted the scoping review process outlined by Arskey and O' Malley using the JBI (Joanna Briggs Institute) template. The databases used were Riss, Kiss, NDSL, KMbase, Google Scholar. This study searched the literature published between January 2011 and November 2021 by entering keywords related to DM self-management. Results: Thirty-five studies were selected for analysis. The period for 24 articles was 12 weeks or longer. The interventions consisted of education, exercise, counseling, and coaching. Not all studies applied the theory of behavior change. Fourteen studies included three factors relating to behavioral, cognitive, emotional, and blood sugar changes to measure effectiveness, while ten studies included all four factors. Most interventions were effective both in DM self-management and self-care. Further, the intervention persistence effect of each study varied. Conclusion: While research on DM self-management intervention has been conducted at domestically and abroad, this decreased during COVID-19 pandemic. This study suggests the importance of systematically developing effective necessary optimal DM self-management interventions that can change behaviors to prevent diabetic complications and improve quality of life.

• Journal of Oriental Medical Thermology
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.27-35
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• 2004

Today, everybody lives in the stress. So 50% to 80% or 60% to 80% of the modern diseases are estimated what is caused by the stress. And one of the most important point of the stress is a too serious and continuos tension state. Therefore the best way to promotion, persistence, prevention and treatment of the modern man's health will be the relaxion from the tension state. The relax therapy as known as am effective method to the disease which as concerned with stress. that can be adapted to the treatment of anxiety-related diseases, insomnia, hypertension, tension headache, migraine, asthma, preparation of delivery, G-I disorders and menstrual disorders. Until now we guess the change of a relaxed state by the observation to the change of autonomic nervous system(ANS) and EEG. From the point of the ANS, sympathetic nervous system progresses slowly but parasympathetic nervous system increases the activity. In the EEG, both the alpha-wave concerned with the deep physical relaxed state and emotional stability and the theta-wave appeared in the state of meditation are increased. Current studies show that among the biochemical changes, especially serotinin like body hormone is increased by the feeling of the stability or the happiness. So, to see the change of the relaxed state in the image of the D.I.T.I., we used the deviational differences between the pre-relaxed state and the post-relaxed state of 70 people. As a result, the portional deviation of the face is decreased in the image of the D.I.T.I. So it can be thaught that we can determine the changes of the relaxed state by the D.I.T.I.