• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.87-94
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• 2000

Objective : Various surgical approaches have been implemented to fulfill the ideal goals of treatment for cervical spondylotic lesions. Conventional approaches are represented by anterior approach with or without fusion and posterior approach. The authors has applied newly developed anterior cervical microforaminotomy for these lesions on minimally invasive basis. Materials and Method : Twenty-one patients, with cervical HIVD, or stenosis, or both, underwent anterior cervical microforaminotomy between March, 1998 and April, 1999. Fifteen patients underwent unilateral decompression, and 6 bilateral decompression via unilateral foraminotomy. Operation of one level was performed in 16 patients, 2 levels in 4 patients, and 3 in 1 patient. The foraminotomy was accomplished by resecting the uncovertebral joint. Through this hole, compressed nerve root was decompressed by removing the spondylotic spur or disc fragment, and diagonal removing of posterior osteophyte from foraminotomy site to begining of contralateral nerve root made spinal cord decompression. Results : The outcome was excellent in 17 patients(81%) and good in 4 patients(19%) based on Odom's criteria. No complication was encounterd, and average post-operation hospital stay was 3.7 days. Conclusions : These results indicate that anterior cervical microforaminotomy provide adequate neural decompression, minimum postoperative discomfort and fast recovery.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.113-125
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• 2017

Objectives : Cervical herniated intervertebral disc (HIVD) are common diseases. They can be managed with acupuncture, but the evidence for effectiveness is uncertain. This review analyzed the acupuncture studies of domestic neck pain and cervical HIVD; the purpose of this study was to provide basic data useful for future research. Methods : We investigated acupuncture treatments for neck pain and cervical HIVD by searching 5 Korean Internet databases. The keywords used were "neck pain", "HIVD-cervical spine", and "nuchal pain". A total of 53 research papers (17 case reports, 16 clinical data analyses, 11 randomized controlled trials, and 9 non-randomized controlled trials) were found and analyzed according to the publication year, type of study, treatment, use of filiform needles, and type of pharmacopuncture used acupoint. The effectiveness of acupuncture treatment was determined. Results : 1. Filiform needles have been primarily used in domestic research and were used in at least half of published pharmacopuncture studies. 2. In 51 papers using filiform needles, many studies used only local acupoints; few studies used only distant acupoints. 3. All studies using pharmacopuncture were performed using local acupoints. In particular, the studies based on A-shi point, trigger point, and radiologic lesion sites were useful for multiple purposes. Conclusion : In this study, we analyzed the acupuncture contents of the domestic neck pain and HIVD-cervical spine clinical studies. This study considers the assessment of the quality and efficacy of each study, which is likely to require research that reflects the future.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.59-69
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• 1997

The histological and histochemical study of the body of axis and 1st intervertebral disc in the Korean native cattle fetus was attempted to early developmental process. The experimental animals used in this study were collected from fetus of the Korean native cattle ranging from 50mm to 180mm in Crown-Rump length(CR-length). The results were summerized as follows: 1. The ossification centers appeared centrum 1 and centrum 2 of the axis in 110mm CR-length fetus of the Korean native cattle. The centrum 2 was formed little earlier than the centrum 1. 2. The histochemical reactions for collagenous fibers in the axis revealed negative in 50mm CR-length, mild positive in 90mm CR-length, and strong positive in 110mm CR-length, respectively. 3. Dense collagenous fibers were observed in the notochord through the centrum 2, and intervertebral disc developed into cuneiform dorsoventrally, It's contour looks like an annual ring. These fiber bundle arranged lamellar formation. 4. The intervertabral disc of 50mm CR-length fetus was composed mainly mesenchymal cells, and these cell showed aggregation in the central portion. The intervertebral disc of 110mm CR-length fetus was consisted of pricipally fibroblast, and notochordal sheath formed with two layers in the center.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제51권5호
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• pp.247-252
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• 2012

Objective : The anatomical knowledge is the most important and has a direct link with success of operation in cervical spine surgery. The authors measured various cervical parameters in cadaveric dry bones and compared with previous reported results. Methods : We made 255 dry bones age from 19 to 72 years (mean, 42.3 years) that were obtained from 51 subjects in 100 subjects who donated their bodies. All measurements from C3-C7 levels were made using digital vernier calipers, standard goniometer, and self-made fix tool for two different cervical axes (canal and disc setting). We classified into 4 groups (uncinate process, vertebral body, lamina, and pedicle) and measured independently by two neurosurgeons for 28 parameters. Results : We analyzed 23970 measurements by mean value and standard deviations. In comparing with previous literatures, there are some different results. The mean values for uncinate process (UP) width ranged from 5.5 mm at C4 and 5 to 6.3 mm at C3 and C7 in men. Also, in women, the mean values for UP width ranged from 5.5 mm at C5 to 6.3 mm at C7. C7 was widest and C5 was most narrow than other levels. The antero-posterior length of UP tended to increase gradually from C3 to C6. The tip way, tip distance, and base distance of UP also showed increasing pattern from C3 to C7. Conclusion : These measurements can provide the spinal surgeons with a starting point to address bony architectures surrounding targeted soft tissues for safeguard against unintended damages during cervical operation.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.65-72
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• 2016

Objectives : While neck pain is highly prevalent in Korea, studies examining its Korean medical treatment are currently lacking. The aim of this study was to assess current Korean medical treatment practice patterns for neck pain. Methods : A preliminary questionnaire was developed to investigate current practice patterns of neck pain and cervical intervertebral disc displacement (IDD) treatment, and underwent further revision through external review. The final questionnaire was distributed as a web-based survey to 18,289 potential respondents by email. Results : The response rate was 3.34 %. Most participants replied that they received multiple Korean medicine interventions for neck pain treatment consisting of such methods as acupuncture, wet cupping, interferential current therapy and electroacupuncture. A total of 378 respondents acknowledged that diagnostic testing was needed for neck pain treatment. The most commonly used Korean Standard Classification of Diseases (KCD) principal diagnosis code for neck pain was M542, and for cervical IDD was M501. Conclusion : This survey study helps determine current practice patterns of neck pain, and recognizes the need for use of diagnostic devices in neck pain treatment. These results are further anticipated to provide basic data for clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) and future studies using Korean National Health Insurance and Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service data.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.102-104
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• 1996

Disorders related to the cervical spine can present a variety of signs and symptoms because of the many tissues and systems associated with this region. Therefore the challenge for the clinician is to organize the information from examination into a treatment plan that addresses the potential influences of the problem. the examination process should gather pertinent information from the patients, relating the pain pattern resulting loss of function. Our patients' X-rays showed absence of any abnormalities except loss of curvature. We therefore concluded that the main cause of posterior neck and shoulder pain was caused by muscle spasm, not cervical disc herniation not degenerative change.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.301-314
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• 2004

Objectives : We studied to discover the patterns of DITI of the patients having a both neck and upper extremity pain on one side without any nerve root compression sign and the history of cervical disc herniation. Method : We selected 26 patients as an experimental group, who had visited for a both neck and upper extremity pain on one side without any nerve root compression sign, at the department of acupunture and moxibustion in Conmaul oriental medical hospital, during 2001. 01. - 2003. 09. And 31 normal adults were selected as a control group, not having any neck or arm pain and any history of cervical disease. We analyzed the segmental temperature statistically with t-test. Results & Conclusion : There was a significant change of temperatures in the scapula, posterior brachium, lateral forearm and dorsal hand area. And the experimental group showed cold spot and disruption of normal thermographic shape that were usually shown on the cervical sprain.

• 대한한방체열의학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.61-69
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• 2005

Objectives : We studied to discover the patterns of DITI of the patients having a both neck and upper extremity pain on one side without any nerve root compression sign and the history of cervical disc herniation. Method : We selected 26 patients as an experimental group, who had visited for a both neck and upper extremity pain on one side without any nerve root compression sign, at the department of acupunture and moxibustion in Conmaul oriental medical hospital, during 2001. 01. - 2003. 09. And 31 normal adults were selected as a control group, not having any neck or arm pain and any history of cervical disease. We analyzed the segmental temperature statistically with t-test. Results & Conclusion : There was a significant change of temperatures in the scapula, posterior brachium, lateral forearm and dorsal hand area. And the experimental group showed cold spot and disruption of normal thermographic shape that were usually shown on the cervical sprain.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.913-920
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• 2005

Compared to previous in-vitro test, FE model showed reliable motion patterns. A finite element model of a 50th percentile male neck was developed to study the mechanics of whiplash injury while the rear impacts. The model was consisted of the whole cervical vertebrae including part of occipital, intervertebral discs. which were modeled using linear viscoelastic materials and posterior elements. The sliding interfaces were defined to simulate contact phenomena in facet joints and in odontoid process. All ligaments and atlanto-occipital membrane were modeled as nonlinear bar elements. Only muscle elements were not considered. Motion of each cervical vertebra was obtained from the dynamic simulation with a MADYMO model for 15 km/h $40\%$ rear end offset impacts. Soft tissue neck injury(STNI) was investigated with a developed FE model. In FE model analysis, the high stress was appeared at C3/C4 disc in offset impact. Further research is still needed in order to improve the developed neck FE model for many different crash patterns.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.277-281
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• 2022

The dog with tetraplegia was presented for magnetic resonance imaging and cervical ventral slot decompression. Intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) was measured every hour after surgery, along with respiratory rate, heart rate, and arterial pressure. Three hours after surgery, abdominal distension with agitation and respiratory distress were observed, and IAP rose to 12 mmHg, indicating mild intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH). Additional fentanyl and ketamine CRI did not alleviate IAH and acepromazine (0.01 mg/kg, IV) was administered to alleviate the agitation and respiratory distress. After acepromazine administration, the agitation subsided and IAP dropped to 4 mmHg. During the next 24 hours, the patient's vital signs and IAP remained stable, with normal urine output. This case report suggests the possibility of postoperative IAH monitoring in dogs. However, considering the nature of a single surgical case of cervical ventral slot, further study is required for indication of IAH monitoring.