• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.231-237
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• 2016

The private health insurance covers areas that are not covered by the national health insurance to reinforce insurance guarantee. Realistically, however, many people renunciate small sum insurance claims because the inconvenient claim procedures require a certificate from the hospital for resubmission to the insurance company, which is very time consuming. Therefore, One-stop insurance payout claiming system that is capable of one stop processing of the issuance of e-page safer technology-based certification to claiming of insurance payout by utilizing authorized electronic address (#-mail) through the utilization of private information concealment technology and identification certification technology for the convenience of the subscribers and the simplification of operation was developed.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.49-56
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• 2023

Currently, e-commerce is changing from a digital twin to a metaverse world. The metaverse world is an intermediate form between virtual and real worlds and is operated as a coin-based meta-commerce. In this meta-commerce world, blockchain-based NFT coins are used when trading items (contents). In this study, we studied how to issue a large number of NFT coins (certification) rather than issuing a single type of NFT. The research method was designed to produce content layer-based and automatically create the desired quantity using a mass NFT index and automatic generation method. In this study, a layer overlap method (background, body, etc.) was used with a Phyton-based program for mass minting. As a result, it can be used as a blockchain-based certificate that can prove a group of many people. In addition, the content created with the NFT index was registered on the NFT sales site to confirm its utilization and value.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.23 no.7
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• pp.834-846
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• 2017

An increase in the number of retiring experienced pilots as well as drastic graying of new pilots will raise the problems on deepening imbalance of supply and demand of pilots over the next 7 years, which could entail fatal problems for the safety of harbour pilotage. In this study, the improvement plan of legal system to ease imbalance between supply and demand of pilots and help secure more experienced pilots has been proposed. A current state survey and analysis, statistical analysis, questionnaire survey on foreign countries, in-depth consultation with experts, etc., were all carried out to support this research. The conclusions of this study are, firstly, to propose an amendment that the minimum requirement of 5 years of seagoing service as a master to sit for the pilot exam should be relaxed to 2 years(which must include at least 1 year of master's seagoing service within the most recent 5 years) but the minimum requirement of 1 year of pilotage service should be reinforced to 1 year and 6 months to obtain a higher class of pilot certificate. Secondly, it is proposed that an amendment offering an additional 1 point per year over the minimum period of 2 years of seagoing service as a master should be added, with a maximum of 10 points in order to rationalize the additional incentive point system. In order to secure experienced pilots and resolve the legal conflict between the certificate revalidation system and the retirement system, it is also proposed that an amendment be passed revoking the retirement system and limiting the validity of any new certificates only to 68 years of age when issuing or revalidating a certificate, if an applicant is over a certain age. Promotional work, such as collecting opinions from interested parties and generating positive public awareness, should be carried out in the future. It will also be necessary to conduct a study on the training pilot exam system.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.351-373
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• 2011

Certificates of Origin(C/O) are necessary to gain benefits from preferential tariff treatment under the Free Trade Agreement(FTA). The C/O can be issued by issuing authorities or by exporters themselves. Recently, due to signed FTA such as Korean-EU FTA, issuance of self-declared C/O by exporters is increasing. In order to be qualified to issue self -declared C/O, exporters are required to acquire Approved Exporter status. An Approved Exporter is only required to present an invoice to substitute the certificate. The invoice contains an Approved Exporter number and a declaration that states the goods comply with the origin requirements. Either certification or notarization is not necessary. In result, the exporters are responsible for application of a preferential tariff under the self-declared C/O which issued incorrectly, even if it is not intentional. Therefore, in this paper, we studied authorization for Approved Exporter status and the practical use of its status. If companies obtain more Approved Exporter status, the effects of FTA would be maximized due to application of a preferential tariff under the C/O.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.3-33
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• 2022

In relation to telemedicine in Korea's medical law, there are Articles 17, 17-2, and 34 of the Medical Act. Since 'direct examination' in Articles 17 and 17-2 of the Medical Act can be interpreted as 'self-examination' rather than 'face-to-face examination', it is difficult to see the above regulation as a regulation prohibiting telemedicine. Prohibiting telemedicine only with the concept of medical examination or the 'principle of face-to-face treatment' is against the principle of "nulla poena sine lege"(the principle of legality). However, in order to qualify as 'examination', it must be faithful enough to replace face-to-face examination, so issuing a medical certificate or prescription after a poor examination over the phone is considered a violation of the Medical Act. In that respect, the above regulation can be said to be a regulation that indirectly limits telemedicine. On the other hand, most lawyers interpret that telemedicine between medical personnel and patients is completely prohibited based on Article 34, and the Supreme Court recently ruled that such telemedicine is not permitted even if there is a patient's request. However, this interpretation is not only far from the legislative intention at the time when telemedicine regulations were introduced into the Medical Act of 2002, but also does not match the needs of reality or the legislative trend of foreign countries. The reason is that telemedicine regulations are erroneously legislated. The premise of the legislation is wrong, and there are considerable problems in the form and content of the legislation. As a result, contrary to the original legislative intent, telemedicine was completely banned. In foreign countries, it is difficult to find cases where telemedicine is completely banned and criminal punishment is imposed for it. In order to fundamentally solve the problem of telemedicine, Article 34 of the Medical Act needs to be deleted.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.31-64
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• 2015

The Chicago Convention and Annexes have become the basis of aviation safety regulations for every contracting state. Generally, aviation safety regulations refer to the SARPs provided in the Annexes of the Chicago Convention. In order to properly reflect international aviation safety regulations, constant studies of the aviation fields are of paramount importance. Treaties duly concluded and promulgated under the Constitution and the generally recognized rules of international law shall have the same effect as the domestic laws of the Republic of Korea. Each contracting state to the Chicago Convention should meet ICAO SARPs about AOC and FAOC. According to ICAO SARPs, Civil Aviation Authorities shall issue AOC to air carriers of the state, but don't require to issue for foreign air carrier. However some contracting states of the Chicago Convention issue FAOC and/or Operations Specifications for the foreign operators. This FAOC is being expanded from USA to the other contracting states. Foreign operators have doubly burden to implement AOC of the ICAO SARPs because FAOC is an additional requirement other than that prescribed by the ICAO SARPs In Article 33, the Chicago Convention stipulates that each contracting state shall recognize the validity of the certificates of airworthiness and licenses issued by other contracting states as long as they are equal to or above the minimum standards of the ICAO. In ICAO Annex 6, each contracting state shall recognize as valid an air operator certificate issued by another contracting state, provided that the requirements under which the certificate was issued are at least equal to the applicable Standards specified in this Annex. States shall establish a programme with procedures for the surveillance of operations in their territory by a foreign operator and for taking appropriate action when necessary to preserve safety. Consequently, it is submitted that the unilateral action of the states issuing the FAOC to the foreign air carriers of other states is against the Convention. Hence, I make some proposals on the FAOC as an example of comprehensive problem solving after comparative study with ICAO SARPs and the contracting state's regulations. Some issues must be improved and I have made amendment proposals to meet ICAO SARPs and to strengthen aviation development. Operators should be approved by FAOC at most 190 if all states require FAOC. Hence, it is highly recommended to eliminate the FAOC or reduce the restrictions it imposes. In certain compliance-related issues, delayed process shall not be permitted to flight operations. In addition, it is necessary for the ICAO to provide more unified and standardized guidelines in order to avoid confusion or bias regarding the arbitrary expansion of the FAOC. For all the issue mentioned above, I have studied the ICAO SARPs and some state's regulation regarding FAOC, and suggested some proposals on the FAOC as an example of comprehensive problem solving. I hope that this paper is 1) to help understanding about the international issue, 2) to help the improvement of korean aviation regulations, 3) to help compliance with international standards and to contribute to the promotion of aviation safety, in addition.