• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.1081-1100
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• 2019

Objectives: This study is an overview of the meta-analysis and systematic review of randomized controlled trials investigating the clinical effectiveness and safety of pharmacopuncture for patients with stroke. Methods: Core electronic databases were searched from their inception to 21 May 2019. A measurement tool to assess systematic reviews (AMSTAR 2) was applied to screen high-quality studies. The results of these studies were summarized, and additional meta-analysis was conducted. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) was used to evaluate the certainty of evidence. Results: Sixteen studies met eligibility criteria. Four were excluded owing to insufficiency of AMSTAR 2 or low data reliability. The finally selected 12 studies were about pharmacopuncture using either a single herb extract, such as Dengzhan xixin, Sanch, Ginkgo biloba, or Acanthopanax, or a mixture of herbs, such as Compound danshen, Shenxiong, Xingnaojing, or Mailuoning. Most of the patients were from China, with acute ischemic stroke. All the studies using a pharmacopuncture versus a non-pharmacopuncture design reported the significant superiority of pharmacopuncture on every outcome measure. On the other hand, in a few studies, pharmacopuncture was inferior to active control in improving neurological deficit. Few studies reported adverse events. Conclusions: It is difficult to apply the results of this study directly to Korea, because the level of evidence is generally low and the clinical settings and social acceptance of pharmacopuncture therapy differ in Korea and China. Further studies are warranted to confirm the domestic applicability of evidence generated in China and to create evidence that supports the domestic situation.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.419-424
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• 2005

Objective : Short-term coexisting intracerebral hemorrhage and cerebral infarctions defined as the recurrent stroke presented with different type within three weeks. Despite the high recurrence rate of stroke, little attention and insufficient clinical data had been given to short-term coexisting intracerebral hemorrhage and cerebral infarction's features. This study aims to estimate the risk factors and present the clinical features of short-term coexisting intracerebral hemorrhage and cerebral infarctions. Methods : We investigated 18 patients with short-term coexisting intracerebral hemorrhage and cerebral infarctions who were admitted to our hospital between January 1995 and January 2005. They were subdivided by the recurrence interval such as a group of within one week and another of between one and three weeks as hyperacute and acute respectively. Results : The mean interval between strokes was 6.64 days. Lesional analysis showed that short-term coexisting intracerebral hemorrhage and cerebral infarctions in this study occurred at the other side in 12 cases [66.7%]. The abnormality on the electrocardiographic feature [23.5%] and long-term history of hypertension [20.5%] were the most common risk factors. However, short-term history of diabetes was more common in hyperacute group than in acute group [P<0.05]. The mean number of risk factors was three in acute group. It is larger than that of hyperacute group [P<0.05]. Conclusion : If the patients who experienced cerebrovascular attack have many risk factors, they tend to be the cases of acute coexisting intracerebral hemorrhage and cerebral infarctions than hyperacute. Therefore, that cases are required to be vigilant to the change of patients' state up to three weeks in the treatment.

• Journal of the Korean neurological association
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.337-340
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• 2018

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection can result in ischemic stroke via several mechanisms, including opportunistic infection, vasculopathy, cardioembolism, and coagulopathy. HIV-vasculopathy is related to endothelial dysfunction, stenosis and aneurysm formation, infectious vasculitis, dissection and accelerated atherosclerosis during highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). We represent a case of HIV infection manifested as an acute ischemic stroke attack. After 4 months during HAART, our patient experienced a recurrent ischemic stroke with progression of middle cerebral artery stenosis.

• Korean Circulation Journal
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• v.52 no.12
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• pp.890-900
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• 2022

Background and Objectives: Some individuals exhibit discrepancies between risk classifications assessed using clinical factors and those obtained by vascular imaging. We aimed to evaluate whether statins provide clinical outcome benefits in patients classified as having low to moderate cardiovascular risk but with carotid plaque. Methods: This was a retrospective propensity score matching study. A total of 12,158 consecutive patients undergoing carotid ultrasound between January 2012 to February 2020 were screened. Individuals with low to moderate cardiovascular risk who were not currently recommended for statin therapy but had carotid plaques were included. Among 1,611 enrolled individuals, 806 (statin group: 403, control group: 403) were analyzed. The primary outcomes were major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs: cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization, and ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack) and all-cause mortality. Results: During the median follow-up of 6.0 years, the incidence of MACCEs did not differ between the groups (6.1 and 5.7/1,000 person-years in the control and statin groups, respectively; adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.95; p=0.90). The incidence of all-cause mortality did not differ (3.9 and 3.9/1,000 person-years, respectively; adjusted HR, 1.02; p=0.97). Kaplan-Meier curves revealed similar rates of MACCEs (log-rank p=0.72) and all-cause mortality (log-rank p=0.99) in the 2 groups. Age and smoking were independent predictors of MACCEs. Subgroups exhibited no differences in clinical outcomes with statin use. Conclusions: Benefit of statin therapy was likely to be limited in low to moderate risk patients with carotid plaques. These results could guide physicians in clinical decision-making regarding cardiovascular prevention.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.59-88
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• 1995

Three groups have participated in this study. 1) The first group consists of 57 patients were who had been treated in the Oriental Medical Hospital at Kyung Hee Medical Center. 2) The second group consists of 37 outpatients who had been treated in the Oriental Medical Hospital at Kyung Hee Medical Center. 3) The third group consists of 76 students of the Oriental Medical School at Kyung Hee University. The following conclusions were made in comparison with EAV measurement values, SaSang Constitution Classfication and CVA. 1. The following conclusions were made in comparison with EAV measurement values and Type(SaSang Constitution Classfication). 1) The analsis of the Correlation in Normal group with EAV measurement values and Type(SaSang Constitution Classfication). 2) The analysis of the correlation in patient group with EAV measurement values showed significant differences in Right meridians(Nerval degeneration vessel, Circulation, Allergy) and in Left meridian(Liver). 3) The analysis of the correlation in Total(Normal+patient)group with EAV measurement values showed significant differences in Right meridians(Large intestine, Nerval degeneration vessel, Circulation, Allergy, Pancreas) and in Left meridians(Lymph vessel, Nerval degeneration vessel, Spleen, liver). 4) The above results showed common-significant differences in Right Allery meridian and in Left Liver meridian. 2. The analysis of the correlation in EAV measurement values and Group (Cerebrovascular accident) showed significant differences in Right meridians(Lymph vessel, Lung, Nerval degeneration vessel, Allergy, Paren & Epith. degeneration vessel, Triple warmer, Heart, Pancreas, Stomach, Fibroid degeneration vessel, Skin, Fatty degeneration vessel, Heart, Stomach, Fibroid degeneration vessel, Skin, Fatty degeneration vessel, Bile duct, Kidney). 3. The analysis of the correlation in EAV measurement values and Para(GROUPS according to PARALYSIS)showed significant differences in Left Stomatch meridian. The analysis of the correlation in EAV measurement values and Para(GROUPS according to PARALYSIS) about the differance of right measurement values and left measurement values showed significant differences in Nerval degeneration vessel, Stomatch, Gall bladder & Bile duct, Kidney and Urinary Bladder meridians. 4. The analysis of the correlation in EAV measurement values and Compl(GROUPS according to COMPLICATION with CVA)showed significant differences in Right meridians(Lymph vessel, Articular degeneration vessel, Fatty degeneration vessel) and in Left meridians(Lung, Stomatch, Fatty degeneration vessel). 5. The analysis of the correlation in Type and MORPHOROGICAL DIAGRAMING (HTOUPS according to MORPHOROGY) showed significant differences in Cranium region, Chest region, Stomatch region and Umbilicum region. 6. The analysis of the correlation in BAZ measurement values and Group(Cerebral Vascular Attack)showed significant differences, the analysis on the correlation of BAZ measurement values and Type(SaSang Constitution Classfication) didn't show any significant differences. 7. In comparison with Actual measurement vales and Voll's measurement values, BAZ measurement values agree with Voll's measurement values but CMP measurement values lower than the Voll's measurement values. Later We have to research further about classifications of race, age, sex etc. The EAV measurement values have Group(Cerebrovascular accident) more correlative than Type(SaSang Constitution Classfication). The EAV may well be that it will be used as an accessory method in SaSang Constitution Classfication and as a diagnostic method in medicine too.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.32 no.9
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• pp.790-798
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• 1999

Background: As the early outcome after coronary artery bypass grafting(CABG) has been stabilized, neurologic complication has now become one of the most important morbidity. The aim of this study was to find out the risk factors associated with the neurologic complications after CABG. Material and Method: In 351 patients who underwent CABG, the incidence and features of neurologic complications, with associated perioperative risk factors, were retrospectively reviewed. Neurologic complication was defined as a new cerebral infarction confirmed by postoperative neurologic examination and radiologic studies, or delayed recovery of consciousness and orientation for more than 24 hours after the operation. Result: Neurologic complications occurred in 18 patients(5.1%), of these nine(2.6%) were diagnosed as having new cerebral infarctions(stroke). Stroke was manifested as motor paralysis in four patients, mental retardation or orientation abnormality in four, and brain death in one. Statistical analysis revealed the following variables as significant risk factors for neurologic complications by both univariate and multivariate analyses: cardiopulmonary bypass longer than 180 minutes, atheroma of the ascending aorta, carotid artery stenosis detected by Duplex sonography, and past history of cerebrovascular accident or transient ischemic attack. Age over 65 years, aortic calcification detected by simple X-ray, and intraoperative myocardial infarction were significant risk factors by univariate analysis only. Neither the severity of carotid artery stenosis nor technical modifications such as cannulation of the aortic arch or single clamp technique, which were expected to affect the inciden e of neurologic complications, had significant relationship with the incidence. Conclusion: This study confirmed the strong association between neurologic complications after CABG and atherosclerosis of the arterial system. Therefore, to minimize the incidence of neurologic complications, systematic evaluation focused on atherosclerotic lesions of the arterial system followed by adequate alteration of operative strategy is needed.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.223-226
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• 2014

In the fermented soybean product known as "chungkookjang", diverse bioactive compounds are produced when the soybean proteins are degraded during fermentation. Vascular endothelial cells (EC) are crucial in vein function and the formation of new vessels. A treatment to stimulate formation of new blood vessels is needed in cerebrovascular diseases that lead to ischaemic stroke and heart attack, as well as for diabetic ulcers. VEGF (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor) simulates EC formation. The effect of Chungkookjang ethanol extract (CEE) on the proliferation of EC was studied. CEE (100, $1000{\mu}g/ml$) and boiled CEE were as effective as VEGF (10 ng/ml) for the proliferation of human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVEC). The effect of CEE on the migration of HUVEC was investigated using sprout analysis. CEE ($100{\mu}g/ml$) was as effective as VEGF (10 ng/ml) for the migration of HUVEC. Isolation of specific peptides influencing the growth and migration of EC is needed.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.1676-1680
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• 2005

There are few topic about a pulmonary thromboembolism(PTE) especially in Korean medical research. This case report is dealt with a rare situation that a PTE and a lacunar infarction are complicated in one patient. They have a similarity in that both are caused by the thrombosis. The former is the thrombosis in lung and the latter is the cerebral infarcion within the territory of a single perforating artery Recently the attack rate of PTE somewhat grow because of the development of medicine such as the increasing use of indwelling catheters, trauma or surgery of pelvis and lower extrimity, major surgery especially in senior, the use of estrogen containing compounds, cerebrovascular disease, obesity, etc. A 70 year-old lady was stroked by the cerebral infarction and has been getting rehabilitating therapy. She had the sudden onset of dyspnea, chest pain and those symptoms looked like a myocardial infarction. But she was diagnosed as PTE by ventilation perfusion lung scan. We cured her with the integrated therapy of Korean and Western medicine.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.43-69
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• 1983

This study was conducted to make the life tables from specific causes of death in Korea. Both "Life tables of Korea in l978-79" and "the statistics on causes of death statistics in 1980" issued by Economic Planning Board were used as source of data for this study. Among the 58, 187 death certificates reported to the concerned authorities, 39, 801 causes were drawn for the purpose of this study. As a result, it is revealed that two thirds of men in Korea died from these 10 major causes of death. The summarized results are as follows: 1. According to recent statistics, 10 major causes of death in 1980 were shown in the order of 1) malignant neoplasms, 2) cerebrovascular disease, 3) accidents and adverse effects, 4)hypertensive disease, 5) ischaemic heart disease and heart attack, 6) chronic liver disease and cirrhosis, 7) tuberculosis, 8) pneumonia, bronchitis, emphysema and asthma, 9) suicide, 10) diabetes mellitis. 2. The major causes of death in Korea were very similar to those of developed countries such as West Germany, Denmark and Japan. This means that our pattern of death causes is almost approaching to that of developed countries. 3. Our crude death rate in 1980 was on the line of 6.6 per 1, 000 people. This is very low level, compared with 12.1 in West Germany and 10.0 in Denmark, however, our age sepcific death rate was on the verge of doubled level in each age category as to that of West Germany, Denmark and Japan. The fact tells us that our death rate is very high yet, especially in young and prime adult age, and the proportion of the aged is quite low. 4. Average ages of people died from malignant neoplasms, cerebro vascular diseases and hypertensive diseases were 63.1, 66.6, 67.3 respectively, however, that of accidents and adverse effect was only 42.5. This shows that accidents occur indifferently from age. 5. In the curve of eventual death probability, the curve of malignant neoplasms was the highest of all curves before 60 in age. However, the probability curve of eventually dying from accidents and adverse effects tends to decline with age. 6. In this study five life tables from major causes of death (four leading causes of death and of tuberculosis) were constructed for 1979. These life tables are reflecting accurately the effects of age distribution on the specific cause of death. In the surviving curje of these tables we can see that the curve of accidents is adversely related to age. While curves of neoplasms, hypertension and tuberculosis are not diminishing before 40 in age, they are going sharply downward after 50 in age.ard after 50 in age.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.1581-1585
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• 2007

To report Sensitivity and specificity about utility as diagnosis criteria for deficiency of Qi in stroke. Korean medicine doctor surveyed deficiency of Qi of the symptoms for the Stroke case report form in stroke patients within 1 month of onset. We analyzed 643 patients have diagnosed stroke, neurological deficit continued over twenty-four hours and within one month of onset, except traumatic cerebrovascular attack (EDH, SDH) using the result by medical specialist and residents diagnosed differentiation and written CRF(Case Report Forms) which based on 'Korean Standard Differentiation of the Symptoms and Signs II' in twenty multi centers. The sensitivity of "more 1/5 in major sings and 1/5 in helpful signs", "more 1/5 in major signs and 2/5 in helpful signs", "more 2/5 in major signs and 1/5 in helpful signs", "more 2/5 in major signs and 2/5 in helpful signs""more 3/5 in major signs and 1/5 in helpful signs""more 3/5 in major signs and 2/5 in helpful signs" are respectively 83%, 50%, 72%, 46%, 47%, 32%. The specificity are respectively 28%, 59%, 55%, 74%, 80%, 89%. The sensitivity(72%) and specificity(55%) of "more 2/5 in major signs and 1/5 in helpful signs" that to be implanted. Although this values are not high, after values of sensitivity and specificity should be more than current value, and then we should be able to suggest as objective diagnosing criteria.