• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.384-395
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• 2018

This study was carried out to investigate the environment factors including community structure and soil characteristics in the wild habitats of Cephalotaxus koreana, and offers the basic information for habitats conservation and restoration. Most of the wild habitats were located at altitudes between 148~835 m with inclinations ranged as $12{\sim}32^{\circ}$. The average soil pH was 4.7~5.9, soil organic matter was 5.72~15.99%, cation exchange capacity was $14.1{\sim}19.9cmolc/kg^{-1}$ and exchangeable $K^+$, $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$ was 0.25~0.48 cmolc/kg, 0.79~6.68 cmolc/kg, 0.31~1.73 cmolc/kg, respectively. The dominant species of tree layer were found to be dominated by Quercus dentata in Jekbo-san (C1), Acer pictum in Bogae-san (C2), Acer pseudosieboldianum in Geumwon-san (C3), Q. serrata in Jiri-san (C4), Zelkova serrata in Baegun-san (C5), and Q. acutissima in Duryun-san (C6). The Species diversity (H') was 0.854~1.234, evenness (J') was 0.654~0.993, and dominance (D) was found to be 0.067~0.346. Correlation coefficients analysis based on environmental factors, community structure and value of species diversity shows that growth of Cephalotaxus koreana is correlated with species diversity and evenness. This result show that Cephalotaxus koreana habitats located in mature stands.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.181-193
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• 1995

Cuticle micromorphology of four families of Korean gymnosperms, Cycadaceae, Ginkgoaceae, Taxaceae, and Cephalotaxaceae, were studied with scanning electron microscopy. The outer and inner features of abaxial and adaxial cuticles were described in details; the absent or present of Florin ring, orifice, trichome, and plug and their shape, the shape and periclinal and anticlinal wall sculpture of epidermal cells, the shape of cuticular flange of epidermal cell, guard cell, and subsidiary cell, the number of stomatal bands and rows, and stomatal apparatus including the shape of polar extension, number of subsidiary cells, the sculpture of guard cell and subsidiary cell. Most of these features have not been sufficiently substantiated by the previous reprots. Furthermore, all the species investigated showed distinctive cuticle morphology with morphological and taxonomical informations.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.141-149
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• 1993

Comparative morphology of winter buds of 16 species of gymnosperms which belong to six families and 13 genera was investigated. All the species examined except Taxaceae had bracts and ovuliferous scales in female buds, and the bract was fused with ovuliferous scale in various degrees. Comparison of the modern conifers with fossil ones in the position of ovule and structure of bract-scale complex suggested that Taxaceae should be placed in Coniferales, rather than treating as a distinct order. The disposition of bract surrounding the ovules of Cephalotaxus and Torreya indicated that the origin, of ovules had separate evolutionary line in spite of similar structure of female bud. The shape of microsporophyll in male bud was diverse among the species. The dehiscence of microsporangium was transverse in Abies and Tsuga, while longitudinal in other species. Descriptions and key to the species based on bud morphology were provided.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.447-458
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• 2006

The resource plants at the Manduksan and Mireukbong was listed 550 taxa: 107 families, 339 genera, 481 species, 1 subspecies, 65 varieties and 3 forms. Among 550 taxa listed was confirmed 323 taxa of edible plants (58.7%), 384 taxa of medicinal plants (69.8%), 267 taxa of ornamental plants (48.5%) and 268 taxa of the others (48.7%). Based on the list of the rare plants by the Forest Research Institute, 4 taxa were recorded in the studied areas; Lilium distichum (Preservation priority order: No. 159), Tricyrtis dilatata (No. 97), Aristolochia contorta (No. 151), Prunus yedoensis (No. 110) and based on the list of Korean endemic plants, 11 taxa were recorded; Cephalotaxus koreana, Carex okamotoi, Lilium amabile, Populus tomentiglandulosa, Salix purpurea var. japonica, Pseudostellaria multiflora, Prunus yedoensis, Forsythia koreana, Paulownia coreana, Weigela subsessilis, Aster koraiensis. Specific plant species by floral region were total 30 taxa; Prunus yedoensis in class V, Wistaria floribunda in class IV, 3 taxa (Spiraea salicifolia, Acer palmatum, Asperula lasiantha) in class III, 3 taxa (Potentilla dickinsii, Viola tokubuchiana var. takedana, Caryopteris incana) in class II, 22 taxa (Pinus koraiensis, Hosta capitata, Chloranthus japonicus, Salix glandulosa, Juglans mandshurica, etc.) in class I. This site needs urgent countermeasures, because there have increased many man-made damages like planting exotic plants, picking wild plants and soil compaction induced by human trampling.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.375-382
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• 2007

The vascular plants of the studied area in the Mt. Seokbul appeared to be 342 taxa; 96 families, 249 genera, 293 species, 2 subspecies, 43 varieties and 3 forms and 1 cultivar. Based on the list of the rare plants by the Forest Research Institute, 2 taxa existed in the studied areas; Lloydia triflora(Preservation priority order; No. 169), Aristolochia contorta(No. 151) and based on the list of Korean endemic plants, 7 taxa existed; Cephalotaxus koreana, Carex okamotoi, Populus tomentiglandulosa(Planted species), Indigofera koreana, Weigela subsessilis. Rhododendron yedoense var. poukhanense, Forsythia koreana (Planted species). Specific plant species by floral region were total 18 taxa; Wistaria floribunda(Planted species) in class IV, Lloydia triflora, Acer palmatum in class III, 15 taxa (Cephalotaxus koreana, Quercus variabilis, Ulmus parvifolia, Aristolochia contorta, Pyrus ussuriensis, etc.) in class I. The naturalized plants in this site were 11 families, 26 genera, 32 species, 2 varieties, 34 taxa, and naturalization rate was 9.9% of all 342 taxa vascular plants. The plant communities in the Mt. Seokbul were classified as; Pinus densiflora community(No. 1, 3, 4) and Pinus thunbergii community(No.2).

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 1972

As part of the study of the structure and the successional trends of our temperate forests, a quantitative survey was made of the relatively well conserved forest stands on Mt. Kwanak, Seoul. Three community types were observed; the Pinus densiflora-Quercus mongolica community, the Pinus densiflora community, and the Quercus mongolica community. Evidence suggests that the dominance of Pinus densiflora and quercus mongolica will continue in the Pinus densiflora-Quercus mongolica community, however, in the Pinus densiflora community the dominant species, Pinus densiflora, is now being replaced by Quercus mongolica. The trend toward an increased in Acer pseudo-sieboldianum var. koreanum, Fraxinus rhynchophylla, Carpinus cordita, and Acer mono is observed in the Quercus mongolica community. An analysis of the overall composition of the forest reveals that the upper story is mostly occupied by Quercus mongolica and Pinus densiflora, the shrub layer by Rhododendron schlippenbachii and Lespedeza maximowiczii, and the herb layer by Spodiopogon cotulifer and Artemisia keiskeana. Quercus mongolica may cover most part of the forest, gradually excluding Pinus densiflora. Acer pseudo-sieboldianum var. koreanum, Fraxinus rhynchophylla, Carpinus coradata, and Acer mono are increasing in importance with the potentiality of developing into major canopy components. With the diversification of the physical habitat Cephalotaxus koreana and Magnolia sieboldii, the species which had almost completely been eliminated form the forest through the severe interferences, have reappeared.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.18-29
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• 2010

The vascular plants in ecological forest site on the Gujaebong (Mt.), Hadong were listed 338 taxa; 85 families, 219 genera, 290 species, 1 subspecies, 40 varieties and 7 forms. Divided into 338 taxa; woody plants were 121 taxa (35.8%) and herbaceous plants were 217 taxa (64.2%). Based on the legal protection species, endangered wild plants II were recorded; Aconitum austro-koreense, Corylopsis gotoana var. coreana and rare plants (IUCN) by the Korea Forest Service and Korea National Arboretum 5 taxa were recorded; Botrychium virginianum, Aconitum austro-koreense, Coreanomecon hylomecoides, Corylopsis gotoana var. coreana, Viola albida. Based on the list of Korean endemic plants, 13 taxa were recorded; Cephalotaxus koreana, Thalictrum actaefolium, Vicia nipponica, Indigofera koreana, Stewartia koreana, Weigela subsessilis, etc. Based on the list of approved for delivering overseas of plants, 5 taxa were recorded; Coreanomecon hylomecoides, Vaccinium oldhami, Paulownia coreana, Asperula lasiantha, Carex okamotoi. Specific plant species by floral region were total 21 taxa (6.2% of all 338 taxa of vascular plants); Aconitum austro-koreense, Corylopsis gotoana var. coreana in class V, Cimicifuga heracleifolia, Coreanomecon hylomecoides in class IV, 4 taxa (Stewartia koreana, Phacellanthus tubiflorus, Lonicera subhispida, etc.) in class III, Potentilla dickinsii, Viola orientalis in class II, 11 taxa (Aconitum jaluense, Angelica anomala, Erythronium japonicum, etc.) in class I. The naturalized plants in the surveyed sites were 8 families, 15 genera, 15 taxa (Phytolacca americana, Crassocephalum crepidioides, Lolium perenne, etc.) and naturalization rate was 4.4% of all 338 taxa of vascular plants.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.66-74
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• 2008

In recent years, the view centered conservation for eco-system is getting important rather than development from human oriented perspective. As a result, the concept "Sustainable development", that is seeking harmony between conservation and development, appeared so that we researched distribution and status of vascular plants a site of project in the Bukkyungnam substation. The main findings from the study is as follows. The vascular plants a site of project in the Bukkyungnam substation area was listed 435 taxa; 93 families, 269 genera, 377 species, 1 subspecies, 51 varieties and 6 forms. Specific plant species by floral region were total 25 taxa; Acer palmatum (Planted species), Asperula lasiantha in Class III, Caryopteris incana, Cirsium schantarense in Class II, 21 taxa (Dryopteris erythrosora, Chloranthus japonicus, Salix glandulosa, Alnus hirsuta, Quercus variabilis, Ulmus parvifolia, Clematis patens, Rubus hirsutus, Euphorbia pekinensis, Cayratia japonica, Grewia biloba var. parviflora, Vaccinium oldhami, Microstegium japonicum, Hosta capitata, Polygonatum falcatum, etc.) in Class I. Based on the list of Korean endemic plants, 10 taxa were recorded; Cephalotaxus koreana, Populus tomentiglandulosa (Planted species), Indigofera koreana, Forsythia koreana (Planted species), Paulownia coreana (Planted species), Asperula lasiantha, Weigela subsessilis, Adenophora triphylla var. hirsuta, Carex okamotoi, Lilium amabile and based on the list of the rare plants by the Forest ResearchInstitute, 2 taxa were recorded in the studied areas; Lilium callosum (Preservation priority order; No. 191), Aristolochia contorta (No. 151). The naturalized plants in this site were 13 families, 22 genera, 28 taxa and naturalization rate was 6.4% of all 435 taxa vascular plants.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.13-23
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• 2006

The vascular plants of the studied area in the Mt. Bangjang was listed 422 taxa : 106 families, 299 genera, 372 species, 1 subspecies, 46 varieties and 3 forms. Based on the list of the rare plants by the Forest Research Institute, 5 taxa were recorded in the studied areas; Lilium distichum(Preservation priority order : No. 159), Tricyrtis dilatata (No. 97), Aristolochia contorta (No. 151), Prunus yedoensis (No. 110), Patrinia saniculaefolia (No. 122) and based on the list of Korean endemic plants, 9 taxa were recorded; Cephalotaxus koreana, Carex okamotoi, Populus tomentiglandulosa, Salix purpurea var. japonica, Prunus yedoensis, Forsythia koreana, Paulownia coreana, Weigela subsessilis, Patrinia saniculaefolia. Specific plant species by floral region were total 29 taxa; Prunus yedoensis in class V, 3 taxa(Acer palmatum, Asperula lasiantha, Lonicera subhispida ) in class III, 5 taxa(Lilium distichum, Potentilla dickinsii, Caryopteris incana, Patrinia saniculaefolia, Ligularia fischeri) in class II, 20 taxa(Ulmus parvifolia, Clematis patens, Aconitum jaluense, Ilex macropoda, Grewia biloba var. parviflora etc.) in class I. The naturalized plants in this site were 13 families, 31 genera, 36 species, 2 varieties, 38 taxa and naturalization rate was 9.0% of all 422 taxa vascular plants. Because of recent rapid increase of cars and people around here, analysis shows many naturalized plants and high naturalized ratio. And wild plants disturbing ecosystem like Ambrosia artemisiifolia var. elatior have been increasing. So, it needs continuing control and conservation measures on the plant ecosystem.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.101-110
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• 2009

The vascular plants in the Mt. Hoemun were listed 541 taxa composed of 113 families, 354 genera, 473 species, 1 subspecies, 64 varieties and 3 forms. Divided into 541 taxa; woody plants were 151 taxa (27.9%) and herbaceous plants were 390 taxa (72.1%). Based on the list of rare plants by the Korea Forest Service, 10 taxa were recorded in the studied areas; Lilium distichum (Preservation priority order: No. 159), Lilium callosum (No. 191), Tricyrtis dilatata (No. 97), Iris ensata var. sponianea (No. 197), Gastrodia elata (No.9), Aristolochia contorta (No. 151), Paeonia obovata (No. 30: Legal protection species), Prunus yedoensis (No. 110 : Planted species), Viola albida (No. 202), Schpolia japonica (No. 208). Based on the list of Korean endemic plants, 15 taxa were recorded; Cephalotaxus koreana, Lilium amabile, Salix purpurea var. japonica, Pseudostellaria multiflora, Aconitum pseudolaeve var. erectum, Filipendula glaberrima, Weigela subsessilis, etc. Based on the list of approved for delivering overseas of plants, 10 taxa were recorded; Carex okamotoi, Lilium distichum, Clematis trichotoma, Vaccinium oldhami, Paulownia coreana, Asperula lasiantha; etc. Specific plant species by floral region were total 4S taxa (8.3% of all 541 taxa of vascular plants); Gastrodia elata, Paeonia obovata in class V, Carex arenicola, Corydalis grandicalyx in class IV, 5 taxa (Spiraea salicifolia, Schpolia japonica, Asperula lasiantha, etc.) in class III, 7 taxa (Lilium distichum, Iris ensata var. spontanea, Caryopteris incana, etc.) in class II and 28 taxa (Camptosorus sibiricus, Orixa japonica, Lonicera praeflorens, etc.) in class I. The naturalized plants in the surveyed sites were 13 families, 38 genera, 43 species, 2 varieties, 45 taxa (Phleum pratense, Medicago sativa, Sonchus asper, etc.) and naturalization rate was 8.3% of all 541 taxa of vascular plants. Ambrosia artemisiifolia var. elatior an ecosystem disturbing wild plants have been increasing. Therefore, the counter plants for continuous control and conservation are needed on the ecosystem of Mt. Hoemun.