• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2018

In recent years, with continuous research efforts targeted at studying the effects of pre- and after-treatment of inhaled anesthetics, significant progress has been made regarding the common clinical use of low concentrations of inhaled sevoflurane and its effect on induced central ischemia tolerance by pre- and post-treatment. In this study, we collected, analyzed, classified, and summarized recent literature regarding the effect of sevoflurane on central ischemia tolerance and its related mechanisms. In addition, we provide a theoretical basis for the clinical application of sevoflurane to protect the central nervous system and other important organs against ischemic injury.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.153-155
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• 2008

Pathogenic infection in tasar silkworm, Antheraea mylitta Drury is common and there is a breed specific response regarding tolerance. Hence, the tolerance level of three eco-races of tasar silkworm viz. Daba, Sarihan and Raily to Antheraea mylitta cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (AmCPV) infection was tested. The survival of Daba, Sarihan and Raily eco-races was significantly different (p<0.05) when challenged with the same concentration ($1{\times}10^5$ polyhedra/ml) of AmCPV. Daba eco-race was more tolerant to the AmCPV infection having higher survival (65.7%) and $LC_{50}$ values (1000893.17 polyhedra/ml) of AmCPV followed by Sarihan eco-race (50.7% survival and $LC_{50}$ value of AmCPV 187203.6168 polyhedra/ml) and Raily eco-race (24.3% survival and $LC_{50}$ value of AmCPV 5176.37 polyhedra/ml). The tolerance level of Daba and Sarihan eco-races against AmCPV was more than two times than Raily eco-race.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.17-21
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• 2007

An indigenous multivoltine silkworm, Nistari was evaluated for their thermo tolerance by exposing the larvae to various temperature regimes for eight hours. Among different temperature exposed, this strain has significant tolerance at $32^{\circ}C$. Analysis of heat shock protein revealed the expression of 70 kDa and 64 kDa polypeptides in fat body and midgut tissues. Interestingly esterase isozyme pattern in midgut showed characteristic expression of Est-1 and Est-3 at different temperatures signifying role in heat and cold shock.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제50권12호
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• pp.1165-1172
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• 2007

Self/non-self discrimination and unresponsiveness to self is the fundamental properties of the immune system. Self-tolerance is a state in which the individual is incapable of developing an immune response to an individual's own antigens and it underlies the ability to remain tolerant of individual's own tissue components. Several mechanisms have been postulated to explain the tolerant state. They can be broadly classified into two groups: central tolerance and peripheral tolerance. Several mechanisms exist, some of which are shared between T cells and B cells. In central tolerance, the recognition of self-antigen by lymphocytes in bone marrow or thymus during development is required, resulting in receptor editing (revision), clonal deletion, anergy or generation of regulatory T cells. Not all self-reactive B or T cells are centrally purged from the repertoire. Additional mechanisms of peripheral tolerance are required, such as anergy, suppression, deletion or clonal ignorance. Tolerance is antigen specific. Generating and maintaining the self-tolerance for T cells and B cells are complex. Failure of self-tolerance results in immune responses against self-antigens. Such reactions are called autoimmunity and may give rise to autoimmune diseases. Development of autoimmune disease is affected by properties of the genes of the individual and the environment, both infectious and non-infectious. The host's genes affect its susceptibility to autoimmunity and the environmental factors promote the activation of self-reactive lymphocytes, developing the autoimmunity. The changes in participating antigens (epitope spreading), cells, cytokines or other inflammatory mediators contribute to the progress from initial activation to a chronic state of autoimmune diseases.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2006년도 하계학술대회 논문집 Vol.7
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• pp.105-105
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• 2006

IT 산업 및 반도체 산업이 발전함에 따라 초소형, 고집적화 시스템의 요구에 대응하기 위해서 고해상도 및 고정밀의 패턴 구현에 관한 많은 연구가 진행되고 있다. 이러한 연구는 각종 산업제품의 PCB(Printed Circuit Board) 및 디스플레이 장치인 PDP(Plasma Display Panel), LCD(Liquid Crystal Display) 등에 적용되어 널리 응용되고 있다. 현재 널리 사용되는 인쇄 회로 기판은 마스킹 후 선택적 에칭 방식을 적용하여 금속 배선을 형성하는 방식을 적용하고 있다. 이러한 방식은 설계가 변경될 경우 마스크를 다시 제작해야 하는 번거로움이 있어 설계 변경이 용이하지 않고 더욱 길어진 생산시간의 증가로 인하여 생산성 및 집적도가 떨어지게 된다. 따라서 최근에는 이러한 한계를 극복하기 위한 방안이 여러 가지 측면에서 시도되고 있으며, 그 중에서도 Inkjet Printing 기술에 대한 관심이 증가하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 Inkjet Printing 방식을 적용하여 금속 배선을 형성하고 선폭과 두께의 오차를 줄여 배선의 Tolerance 를 개선할 수 있는 방안을 제안하였다. Inkjet Printing 방식을 이용한 기존의 금속 배선 형성은 고해상도의 DPI(Dot Per Inch)에서 잉크 액적이 뭉치는 Bulge 현상이 발생되어 원하는 형상 및 배선의 폭을 구현하는데 어려움이 있었다. Bulge 현상은 배선의 불균일성을 야기할 뿐만 아니라 근접한 배선의 간섭에도 영향을 미처 금속 배선의 기능을 할 수 없는 단점을 발생시킨다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 이러한 Bulge 현상을 줄이고 배선간의 간섭을 방지하여 원하는 배선을 용이하게 형성할 수 있는 순차적 인쇄 방식을 적용하였다. 본 연구에서는 노즐직경 35um 의 Inkjet Head 와 나노 Ag 입자 잉크를 사용하여 Glass 표면 위에 배선을 형성하고 배선의 폭과 두께를 측정하였다. 또한 순차적 인쇄 방식을 적용하여 700DPI 이상의 고해상도에서 나타날 수 있는 Bulge 현상이 감소하였음을 관찰하였으며 금속 배선의 Tolerance를 10%내외로 유지할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.289-289
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• 2022

Waterlogging tolerance of corn is one of the important factor for cultivate in paddy soil condition to increase cultivation area and self-sufficiency of corn in Korea. In order to develop elite waterlogging tolerance corn, the new corn lines bred by crossing wild corn, Teosinte, and cultivated corn inbred lines. Five accessions among the 2 species, Zea mays sub spp. mexicana and Zea mays spp. parviglumis, of 81 Teosinte were selected through the waterlogging treatment. The waterlogging treatments were implemented for 7 days at the seedling(V3) stage. The inbred lines were developed by crossing 5 teosinte accessions and cultivated corn lines and they were estimated waterlogging tolerance. It was screened and analyzed the metabolites extracted from roots of 19KT-32(KS141 × teosinte) that was treated waterlogging. We selected 8 of 180 metabolites like as γ-aminobutyric acid(GABA), putrescine, citrulline, Gly, and Ala that expression was remarkably changed over 2.5-times, 7 metabolites increased and 1 metabolite decreased in waterlogging, respectively. Glutamate decarboxylase(GAD) catalyzing GABA accumulation gene have 10 haplotypes, and exon1 was highly conserved, but identified to 135 SNPs after the first intron. Among the 135 SNPs, the number of transversion mutations (52) surpassed the number of transition mutations (38). Most of metabolites were related to abiotic stress in plant that it regulated to pH, osmotic pressure K⁺/Ca⁺⁺ and ATPase activity. We are analyzing the association using these results for increase breeding efficiency.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.46-53
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• 2007

The effects of the alcoholic extract of Bacopa monniera (BMA) on morphine-induced pharmacological activities were studied in mice. Oral administration of the extract (40 mg/kg) significantly inhibited morphine-induced analgesic tolerance, withdrawal symptoms, hyperactivity, reverse tolerance, Dopamine receptor supersensitivity and apo-morphine-induced climbing behaviour in mice. The results of this study showed that, alcoholic extract of Bacopa monniera (BMA) exerted inhibitory effect against morphine-induced pharmacological effects, suggesting that the extract could be useful in the treatment of morphine toxicity.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.69-77
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• 2008

Jatropha curcas L. is an oil bearing species with many uses and considerable economic potential as a biofuel crop. Salt stress effect on growth, ion accumulation, contents of protein, proline and antioxidant enzymes activity was determined in callus and seedling to understand the salt tolerance of the species. Exposure of callus and seedling to salt stress reduced growth in a concentration dependent manner. Under salt stress Na content increased significantly in both callus and seedling whereas, differential accumulation in the contents of K, Ca, and Mg was observed in callus and seedling. Soluble protein content differed significantly in callus as compared to seedling, however proline accumulation remained more or less constant with treatments. The proline concentration was ~2 to 3 times more in callus than in seedling. Salt stress induced qualitative and quantitative differences in superoxide dismutase (SOD; E.C. 1.15.1.1) and peroxidase (POX; E.C. 1.11.1.7) in callus and seedling. Salt induced changes of the recorded parameters were discussed in relation to salinity tolerance.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.123-127
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• 2001

In order to introduce bivoltine races in a tropical country like India, it is necessary to have stability in cocoon crop under high temperature environments. Unlike any temperate country like Japan, the rearing conditions/environment, climatic conditions, quality of mulberry leaf and incidence of diseases are unpredictable in India. Geneticists and breeders of all the sericultural countries have experienced the influence of environment during the process of breeding. in order to select efficiently the breeds with high temperature tolerance, it is verb important to analyse clearly the heritability nature of high temperature tolerance. In light of the above, the present study was undertaken to determine the effect of high temperature treatment of (A) $35{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ and 85${\pm}$5% RH for 24 hrs continuously, (B) $35{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ and 85${\pm}$5% RH for 48 hrs continuously and (C) the control (25${\pm}1^{\circ}$ and 65${\pm}$5% RH in the normal rearing condition from the $3^{rd}of5^{th}$ instar on the pure races such as Moria, Nl37 and Cl46 as well as their Fl hybrids. The overall performance indicate that the hybrids are mare tolerant than the pure races. it was also observed that the overall performance declined in those batches where 48 hrs treatment was given. The most interesting observation noticed in this study was that there was maternal effect regarding temperature tolerance as evident from the better performance of those hybrids where the female parent used was more tolerant as pure race.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.111-120
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• 2015

Dendritic cells (DCs) play a significant role in establishing self-tolerance through their ability to present self-antigens to developing T cells in the thymus. DCs are predominantly localized in the medullary region of thymus and present a broad range of self-antigens, which include tissue-restricted antigens expressed and transferred from medullary thymic epithelial cells, circulating antigens directly captured by thymic DCs through coticomedullary junction blood vessels, and peripheral tissue antigens captured and transported by peripheral tissue DCs homing to the thymus. When antigen-presenting DCs make a high affinity interaction with antigen-specific thymocytes, this interaction drives the interacting thymocytes to death, a process often referred to as negative selection, which fundamentally blocks the self-reactive thymocytes from differentiating into mature T cells. Alternatively, the interacting thymocytes differentiate into the regulatory T (Treg) cells, a distinct T cell subset with potent immune suppressive activities. The specific mechanisms by which thymic DCs differentiate Treg cells have been proposed by several laboratories. Here, we review the literatures that elucidate the contribution of thymic DCs to negative selection and Treg cell differentiation, and discusses its potential mechanisms and future directions.