• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.37-44
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to analyze the typological characteristics of super high-rise housings in Hong Kong. The results are as follows; 1) Most of the plan types of the residential building in Hong Kong are tower types and they show lots of curves on the external resident blocks so that each resident families can face maximum open air. 2) Each residential unit is arranged symmetrically and systematically around the central core. 3) The most of core types are central core types which are usually planned to place void light well to improve lighting and ventilation. 4) Rooms are arranged in line from entrance to kitchen, to living & dinning room, and finally bedroom and bathroom. Dinning area is arranged together with living area. 5) At least, more than two sides of the each unit were facing the open air; one side is for the view from a bedroom or a livingroom, the other side is for the ventilation of a kitchen or a bathroom.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.39-46
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• 2005

This Study is to analyse the community-consciousness depending on the location type of the neighborhood facility in apartment complex, in order to set up the fundamental criteria for the location type which can increase the community-consciousness. For the purpose of this study, Shopping center, Playground and Resting Area are selected among the neighborhood facilities and they were analysed on the basis of the Belonging-Sense, Affection-sense and the personnel Interchange. The results of this study are as follows: Shopping center should be located in the Main-Enterance of Apartment Complex and be constructed as low building along the street. In case of the Playground that was compared with the Central type and Decentral type, the Central type is proper for the increasing of community-consciousness. In case of the Resting Area that was compared with the Mixture type involving a playground and Independent type except for a playground, the independent type is acceptable for the location-type to increase the community-consciousness owing to all analyses.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.68-73
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• 2011

In this study, a group of home bus system(HBS) is used to manage difference types of household appliances or many household appliance of the same type. The existing central controller is analyzed, and an independent control system is built to devise new methods to design the PC HBS. The newly designed system is installed in an air-conditioned building; the system can be monitored and controlled from a control room or from an office. By using the system, we can efficiently manage future energy needs and control large-scale integrated electronics and home automation system to an individual manage to build large is expected to contribute.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.66 no.4
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• pp.423-438
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• 2018

This pioneer study focuses on finite element modeling and numerical modeling of three types of Reinforced Concrete Haunched Beams (RCHBs). Firstly, twenty RCHBs, consisting of three types, and four prismatic beams which had been tested experimentally were modeled via a nonlinear finite element method (NFEM) based software named as, ATENA. The modeling results were compared with experimental results including load capacity, deflection, crack pattern and mode of failure. The comparison showed a good agreement between the results and thus the model used can be effectively used for further studies of RCHB with high accuracy. Afterwards, new mechanism modes and design code equations were proposed to improve the shear design equation of ACI-318 and to predict the critical effective depth. These equations are the first comprehensive formulas in the literature involving all types of RCHBs. The statistical analysis showed the superiority of the proposed equation to their predecessors where the correlation coefficient, $R^2$ was found to be 0.89 for the proposed equation. Moreover, the new equation was validated using parametric and reliability analyses. The parametric analysis of both experimental and predicted results shows that the inclination angle and the compressive strength were the most influential parameters on the shear strength. The reliability analysis indicates that the accuracy of the new formulation is significantly higher as compared to available design equations and its reliability index is within acceptable limits.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.9-19
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• 2014

In this study the seismic performances of reinforced concrete apartment buildings with Y- and box-shaped plans having central core are investigated. Three types of model structures are designed for each shape depending on the amount of shear partition walls: structures with all shear walls, structures with all columns except the core walls, and structures with shear walls and columns combined. The required amount of concrete to satisfy the specified design loads is the largest in the all shear wall structures, and decreases as more and more shear walls are replaced with columns. The amount of re-bars increased significantly in the flat plate structures. According to nonlinear static and dynamic analysis results, the structures with all shear walls and all columns turn out to have the largest and the smallest strengths, respectively. However it is observed that even the all-column structures with shear core have proper load resisting capacity for design level seismic load.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.25 no.7
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• pp.392-397
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• 2013

To fulfill the demands concerning energy efficiency for zero energy buildings, various technologies of architects and engineers are required. This study aims to estimate the thermal performance of heat source equipment in which part load characteristics are considered in an office building. Overestimation of heat source equipment was reviewed through literature survey, and heating and cooling loads depending on the capacity and division of the equipment were analyzed through a simulation program (DOE-2.1E). The conclusions gained from this study are as follows; 1) The more the division of equipment, the less the heating and cooling energy consumption. 2) When a large item of equipment is divided into two small items of equipment, the optimum application rate showed as 5:5 for chiller, and 7:3 for boiler, respectively.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.43-48
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to analyze the typological characteristics of super high-rise housings in Hong Kong. The results are as follows; 1) The Plan types of the residential building in Hong Kong are mostly tower types and they show lots of curves on the external resident blocks so each resident families can face maximum open air. 2)Household arrangements or resident families form are shown as symmetrical and systematic type of structures that centers around the core. 3)The core types are mostly central core types and a portion of central core is planned to place void and alight garden for improving the lighting and ventilating problems. 4)If we review our room arrangements, they are arranged from entrance kitchen, livingroom bedroom to bathroom to the end. Livingrooms and dinning rooms are normally formed together. 5)If external resident blocks are facing the open air, one of the surface is on view axis, kitchen or bathroom are symmetrically located on the other side which faces the units for the purpose of ventilating.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.519-523
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• 2006

Poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS) has been employed as a microchip material for DNA separation in microfluidic condition. Different sieving molecules such as cellulose derivatives having glucose building block (methyl cellulose (MC), hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC)) and polyethylene oxide (PEO) having linear (ring-opened ethylene oxide) unit were used and their performance was compared in terms of separation efficiency and resolution. In general, PEO showed better separation performance than cellulose derivatives probably due to the nature of linear shape polymer conformation. It was possible to perform at least 15 consecutive running with 1.2% PEO at the electric field strength around 200 V/cm. Fast analysis of the standard $\Phi$X 174 RF DNA/Hae III (less than 130s) was obtained with the number of the theoretical plate around 250,000/m. Our PMDS microchip was applied to the measurement of CAG repeat number, which is related to male infertile disease.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.295-302
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• 2006

This study is to integratedly examine coastal management policy and marine tourism development project for Korean coasts, especially for the South Sea of high development pressure, presenting sustainable tourism development policies for the future. To do so, it is examined central government-level coastal development projects set up by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism, the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries and the Ministry cf Construction and Transportation, setting the direction of south coastal management and tourism development at a level of national territory planning. The problems of coastal management first and then the problems of the South Coast Tourism Belt Project are analyzed in order to present political and administrative alternatives. To overcome such problems and make Korea a marine tourism base in East Asia, there is a need for re-recognition of the value of the project and its continuous push through cooperation between central and local governments. Also, under the presupposition of consensus building among local people and the sustainable development of environments, there should be are-recognition that the future cf Korean marine tourism in the 21st-century and the success of an inverted $\pi-axis$ national development depend on the South coastal Tourism Belt Development Project.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.167-174
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• 2014

Heating and air conditioning system is changing rapidly from the traditional HVAC central supply system to the individual supply system with electrical heat pump system (EHP) in Korean school buildings. The individual supply system has advantages to turn on and off individually and to adjust the thermal comfort separately, but energy is wasted in the unoccupied classroom when the last leaving occupant does not turn off the controller. If the controller is to be off automatically while the classroom is not in use, energy consumption would decrease dramatically. This project aims to cease the unnecessary EHP supply in vacant classroom by inputting the class schedule from the central control room to reduce the energy-spending. Experimental measurements were carried out between the controlled classroom that is turned off when not in use and the uncontrolled room that is turned on continually. Occupant's comfort and energy consumption were measured and compared between the controlled case and the uncontrolled case. The energy consumption of controlled classroom case is 30-60% less than that of the uncontrolled classroom case. This result shows that controlling the cooling supply for the unoccupied classroom using the class schedule can decrease the energy consumption remarkably. This supply control system can be used to conserve energy in school structures like universities.