• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
• /
• v.10C no.7
• /
• pp.885-890
• /
• 2003

The Core Base Tree (CBT) multicast routing architecture is a multicast routing protocol for the internet. The CBT establishes a single shared tree for a multicast connection. The shared tree Is rooted at a center node called core. The location of the core may affect the cost and performance of the CBT. The core placement method requires the knowledge of the network topology In this Paper, we propose a simple and effective method for selecting the core. This method requires the distance vector information. in addition, we used results that calculated sample correlation coefficient. And then we select suitable routing algorithm according to member's arrangement states in muliticast group. we select core node that have minimum average cost or PIM-SM protocol is selected. The performance of this method is compared with several other methods by extensive simulations (i.e mean delay, maximum delay, and total cost). Our results shows that this method for Selecting Core is very effective.

• Genomics & Informatics
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.58-63
• /
• 2014

The tyrosine-protein kinase Tec (TEC) is a member of non-receptor tyrosine kinases and has critical roles in cell signaling transmission, calcium mobilization, gene expression, and transformation. TEC is also involved in various immune responses, such as mast cell activation. Therefore, we hypothesized that TEC polymorphisms might be involved in aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) pathogenesis. We genotyped 38 TEC single nucleotide polymorphisms in a total of 592 subjects, which comprised 163 AERD cases and 429 aspirin-tolerant asthma controls. Logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the associations between TEC polymorphisms and the risk of AERD in a Korean population. The results revealed that TEC polymorphisms and major haplotypes were not associated with the risk of AERD. In another regression analysis for the fall rate of forced expiratory volume in 1 second ($FEV_1$) by aspirin provocation, two variations (rs7664091 and rs12500534) and one haplotype (TEC_BL2_ht4) showed nominal associations with $FEV_1$ decline (p=0.03-0.04). However, the association signals were not retained after performing corrections for multiple testing. Despite TEC playing an important role in immune responses, the results from the present study suggest that TEC polymorphisms do not affect AERD susceptibility. Findings from the present study might contribute to the genetic etiology of AERD pathogenesis.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• v.39 no.2
• /
• pp.241-266
• /
• 2011

The Self Compacting Concrete, SCC is the new generation type of concrete which is not needed to be compacted by vibrator and it will be compacted by its own weight. Since SCC is a new innovation and also the high strength self compacting concrete, HSSCC behavior is like a brittle material, therefore, understanding the strength effect on the serviceability performance of reinforced self compacting concretes is critical. For this aim, first the normal and high strength self compacting concrete, NSSCC and HSSCC was designed. Then, the serviceability performance of reinforced connections consisting of NSSCC and HSSCC were investigated. Twelve reinforced concrete connections (L = 3 m, b = 0.15 m, h = 0.3 m) were simulated, by this concretes, the maximum and minimum reinforcement ratios ${\rho}$ and ${\rho}^{\prime}$ (percentage of tensile and compressive steel reinforcement) are in accordance with the provision of the ACI-05 for conventional RC structures. This study was limited to the case of bending without axial load, utilizing simple connections loaded at mid span through a stub (b = 0.15 m, h = 0.3 m, L = 0.3 m) to simulate a beam-column connection. During the test, concrete and steel strains, deflections and crack widths were measured at different locations along each member. Based on the experimental readings and observations, the cracked moment of inertia ($I_{cr}$) of members was determined and the results were compared with some selective theoretical methods. Also, the flexural crack widths of the members were measured and the applicability for conventional vibrated concrete, as for ACI, BS and CSA code, was verified for SCCs members tested. A comparison between two Codes (ACI and CSA) for the theoretical values cracking moment is indicate that, irrespective of the concrete strength, for the specimens reported, the prediction values of two codes are almost equale. The experimental cracked moment of inertia $(I_{cr})_{\exp}$ is lower than its theoretical $(I_{cr})_{th}$ values, and therefore theoretically it is overestimated. Also, a general conclusion is that, by increasing the percentage of ${\rho}$, the value of $I_{cr}$ is increased.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
• /
• v.4 no.4
• /
• pp.187-191
• /
• 2012

PURPOSE. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of ascorbic acid, ethanol and acetone on microtensile bond strength between fiber posts pre-treated with hydrogen peroxide and composite resin cores. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Twenty four fiber posts were pre-treated with 24% hydrogen peroxide and divided into 4 groups as follows: G1: no treatment, as control group; G2: treatment with10% ascorbic acid solution for 5 minutes; G3: treatment with 70% ethanol solution for 5 minutes; and G4: treatment with 70% acetone solution for 5 minutes. Each fiber post was surrounded by a cylinder-shaped polyglass matrix which was subsequently filled with composite resin. Two sections from each sample were selected for microtensile test at a crosshead with speed of 0.5 mm/min. Statistical analyses were performed using one-way ANOVA and a post hoc Tukey HSD test. Fractured surfaces were observed under a stereomicroscope at ${\times}20$ magnification. The fractured surfaces of the specimens were observed and evaluated under a SEM. RESULTS. Means of microtensile bond strength values (MPa) and standard deviations in the groups were as follows: G1: $9.70{\pm}0.81$; G2: $12.62{\pm}1.80$; G3: $16.60{\pm}1.93$; and G4: $21.24{\pm}1.95$. G4 and G1 had the highest and the lowest bond strength values, respectively. A greater bond strength value was seen in G3 compared to G2. There were significant differences between all the groups (P<.001). All the failures were of the adhesive mode. CONCLUSION. Application of antioxidant agents may increase microtensile bond strength between fiber posts treated with hydrogen peroxide and composite cores. Acetone increased bond strength more than ascorbic acid and ethanol.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.626-639
• /
• 2010

The club culture is not something unified. Rather, it is a group of subcultures which share intertwined areas. And it keeps its own dress code, dance style, music genre along with series of authoritarian and unlawful rituals. For young adults, a club is a new cultural space to enjoy in reasonable price and they can express themselves without thinking much about others. A club creates its unique mass culture by producing continuously changing and experimental fashion styles. As the club culture’s influence becomes powerful, the club market was established and experimental fashion styles are wide spread among general public, young adults who try to express their unique characters and even fashion-leading industry. The study results are as follows. First, dance club and its derivative, rave is symbolic axles and the center of social activity. They are also defined as culture which is related to specific space that continues to present and change sound and style. Second, the definition of clubber in a dictionary is club member or a person who is united with others. Third, based upon clubbers' fashion styles in Hongdae and Kang-nam areas, there are 5 different images including sexy casual, lingerie, dynamic, chic style and feminine style. Fourth, based upon case study above, to take unique life style of fashionista that leads fashion with trendy fashion style into account, we suggested five designs which are unique, sensitive and trendy. Fifth, through analyzing clubber generation and design factors of clubbers' fashion style combined with various trend, unique brand was developed to meet the demands of clubbers who want differentiated images and leading styles.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.651-669
• /
• 2016

The behavior of shear connectors plays a significant role in maintaining the required strength of a composite beam in normal and hazardous conditions. Various types of shear connectors are available and being utilized in the construction industry according to their use. Channel connectors are a suitable replacement for conventional shear connectors. These connectors have been tested under different types of loading at ambient temperature; however, the behavior of these connectors at elevated temperatures has not been studied. This investigation proposes a numerical analysis approach to estimate the behavior of channel connectors under fire and compare it with the numerical analysis performed in headed stud and Perfobond shear connectors subjected to fire. This paper first reviews the mechanism of various types of shear connectors and then proposes a non-linear thermo-mechanical finite element (FE) model of channel shear connectors embedded in high-strength concrete (HSC) subjected to fire. Initially, an accurate nonlinear FE model of the specimens tested at ambient temperature was developed to investigate the strength of the channel-type connectors embedded in an HSC slab. The outcomes were verified with the experimental study performed on the testing of channel connectors at ambient temperature by Shariati et al. (2012). The FE model at ambient temperature was extended to identify the behavior of channel connectors subjected to fire. A comparative study is performed to evaluate the performance of channel connectors against headed stud and Perfobond shear connectors. The channel connectors were found to be a more economical and easy-to-apply alternative to conventional shear connectors.

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• v.41 no.6
• /
• pp.562-574
• /
• 2018

The tazarotene-induced gene 1 (TIG1) protein is a retinoidinducible growth regulator and is considered a tumor suppressor. Here, we show that DnaJ heat shock protein family member C8 (DNAJC8) is a TIG1 target that regulates glycolysis. Ectopic DNAJC8 expression induced the translocation of pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) into the nucleus, subsequently inducing glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) expression to promote glucose uptake. Silencing either DNAJC8 or PKM2 alleviated the upregulation of GLUT1 expression and glucose uptake induced by ectopic DNAJC8 expression. TIG1 interacted with DNAJC8 in the cytosol, and this interaction completely blocked DNAJC8-mediated PKM2 translocation and inhibited glucose uptake. Furthermore, increased glycose uptake was observed in cells in which TIG1 was silenced. In conclusion, TIG1 acts as a pivotal repressor of DNAJC8 to enhance glucose uptake by partially regulating PKM2 translocation.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.485-492
• /
• 2016

This study examined the relationships among dementia knowledge, attitude, and preventive behavior of an urban-rural complex city. In this study, 483 subjects using welfare and health centers were selected from one urban-rural complex city. The data were collected using the questionnaires for dementia knowledge, attitude and preventive behavior. Data analysis was performed by descriptive statistics, t-test and ANOVA using SPSS 19 software. In both urban and rural areas, elderly more than 70 years of age, no spouse, less educated, and lower income had higher scores of dementia attitude. In addition, the dementia attitude scores were higher when they were thinking more of their bad health. In conclusion, there is a need to strengthen the training and programs for dementia's knowledge, attitudes and prevention activities by a spouse or family member in early elderly period.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.16 no.10
• /
• pp.1605-1612
• /
• 2006

Interleukin (IL)-18, a member of the family of IL-l cytokine, is one of the principal inducers of $interferon-{\gamma}(IFN-{\gamma})$ in T lymphocytes and natural killer cells. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of IL-18 on the expression of chemokine IP-10 (CXCL-10) mRNA in mouse peritoneal macrophages. IL-18 had very weak direct effect or synergistic effect with IL-12 on the expression of IP-10 mRNA in C57BL/6 mouse peritoneal macrophages. However, IL-18 pretreatment was found to playa cooperative role in the expression of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced IP-10 mRNA. For the expression of LPS-induced IP-10 mRNA, the synergistic effect was detected after 16 h of IL-18 pretreatment prior to LPS stimulation. The expression level of CD14 in cells stimulated with LPS was not changed by IL-18 pretreatment, and the level of $IFN-{\gamma}$ production during IL-18 pretreatment plus LPS stimulation was barely discernible ($0.36{\pm}0.31pg/ml$). Namely, the synergistic effect of IL-18 pretreatment was not related to a change of LPS receptor, CD14 expression, and the production of $IFN-{\gamma}$ by the interaction between IL-18 and LPS. The synergistic effect of IL-18 pretreatment on the expression of LPS-induced IP-10 was related to not NF-kB but AP-1 activation, and associated with the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway, one of the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways. These results provide useful information that may elucidate the mechanisms underlying the effect of IL-18 on the expression of IP-10 mRNA.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
• /
• 2008.05a
• /
• pp.108-111
• /
• 2008

In this paper, we propose the Table-top system for using educational contents. Table-top system that is matched visual information and interaction space offers easy and intuitive interface. Moreover, because the effectiveness of education is enlarged if the content for education intuitive recognizes and an interaction, the table top system is suitable. In this paper, the multi touch,that is the advantage of the table top system, was implemented in the content for education manufactured as a flash. This system can solve the member of the instinctive interaction between a user and the contents which was short in the system like the existing desktop.