• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.330-335
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• 2017

Cardiac arrest is owing to the failure of the heart that makes the blood circulation stop. Arrested blood circulation prevents the supply of the oxygen and the glucose and it results the loss of consciousness and, finally, brain death. Many public institution installed the AED for emergency treatment, but, it is not efficient when the patient is alone. In this paper, we made multiplexed wearable device for cardiac arrest detection. With this device, we measure the individual's electrocardiography, heart sound and motion. If the cardiac arrest is detected, the device make a warning horn and transmit the signal for defibrillation. We obtain 98.33% of ECG data, 94.5% of PCG data and 98.38% of IMU data accuracy for each evaluation and 93.33% accuracy for integrated evaluation.

• Bulletin of the Korean Space Science Society
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• 2006.10a
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• pp.52-52
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• 2006

Many spacecraft failures and anomalies have been attributed to energetic electrons in the Earth's magnetosphere. While the dynamics of these electrons have been studied extensively for several decades, the fundamental question of how they are accelerated is not fully resolved. Proposed theories have not been successful in explaining fast high energy increase such as REE (Relativistic electron enhancement). In this presentation, we show observations of energetic electron precipitation measured by the Korean satellite, STSAT-1 which simultaneously detect (100ev - 20 keV) and (170 - 360 keV) energy electrons at the 680 km orbit, when the RES event observed at the geosynchronous orbit on October 13, 2004. STSAT-1 observed intense electron precipitation in both energy ranges occurred in the midnight sector clearly demonstrating that electrons having wide energy band are injected from the plasma sheet. To make the balance between loss and injection, the injected electron flux should be also large. In this situation, the injected electrons can be trapped into the magnetosphere and produce REE, though they have low e-folding energies. We propose this plasma sheet injection might be the primary source of relativistic electron (1 MeV) flux increases.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.801-806
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• 2013

Spiny lebbeid shrimp Lebbeus groenlandicus larvae were reared in the laboratory to estimate the energy budget from the zoeal to the post-larval stage. Energy expended by larvae on growth and respiration was determined from values for feeding, growth, molting, and metabolism. We calculated that 16.22 J were used for growth throughout all larval stages. Energy loss during molting was estimated as 1.03 J, and energy used for respiration was estimated as 1.31 J. Energy taken in by feeding was estimated as 77.16 J, while the sum of energies expended in excretion and egestion was 58.61 J. Larvae were estimated to assimilate 24.6% of ingested food as energy and to use ~85% of the assimilated energy for somatic growth. Gross growth efficiency ($K_1$) and net growth efficiency ($K_2$) were shown to be ~22% and 93%, respectively. Maintenance costs of respiration were estimated as ~9.7% of assimilated energy.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.807-812
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• 2013

The energy budget of the larvae of pandalid shrimp, Pandalopsis japonica, reared in the laboratory from zoea to post-larva was investigated. Energy used during the growth of the shrimp larvae was calculated daily for feeding, growth, molting, and metabolism. The total energy used was 16.2 J for the entire larval stage. Molting energy loss was estimated at a total 1.03 J. Energy used for respiration was estimated at a total of 1.85 J. The intake energy by feeding reached a total of 77.69 J. The total sum of energies used by excretion and egestion was 58.61 J. Larvae assimilated 24.57% of ingested food and used 84.91% for somatic growth. The gross growth efficiency ($K_1$) was 22.19% for the entire larval stage, and the net growth efficiency ($K_2$) was 90.31%. Maintenance costs were estimated at 9.69% of assimilated energy for the entire larval stage.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.57 no.5
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• pp.376-378
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• 2015

Cervical epidural steroid injection is indicated for radicular symptoms with or without axial neck pain. Complications are rare but can be serious. Here, we report the case of a 54-year-old man with cervical radicular pain who was treated with cervical epidural steroid injection. Injection was administered twice under fluoroscopic guidance with the loss-of-resistance technique using air to confirm the epidural space. After the second procedure, the patient complained of severe persistent headache and was diagnosed with pneumocephalus on brain computed tomography. The patient returned home without any neurological complication, after a few days of conservative treatment. Though, a fluoroscopic guidance cervical epidural injection is also known to diminish the risk of complications. Physicians should always keep in mind that it does not guarantee safety, particularly in the cervical region, related to its anatomical considerations.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.479-484
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• 2015

NOD2 (nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain 2) was initially reported as a susceptibility gene for Crohn's disease, with several studies focused on elucidating its molecular mechanism in the progression of Crohn's disease. We now know that NOD2 is an intracellular bacterial sensing receptor, and that MDP-mediated NOD2 activation drives inflammatory signaling. Various mutations in NOD2 have been reported, with NOD2 loss of function being associated with the development of Crohn's disease and other autoimmune diseases. These results suggest that NOD2 not only has an immune stimulatory function, but also an immune regulatory function. Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the arterial wall; its pathologic progression is highly dependent on the immune balance. This immune balance is regulated by infiltrating monocytes and macrophages, both of which express NOD2. These findings indicate a potential role of NOD2 in atherosclerosis. The purpose of this review is to outline the known roles of NOD2 signaling in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.36 no.9B
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• pp.1039-1048
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• 2011

Carrier Ethernet, which extend The algorithm based on constructing the mixed topology and performing link stretching, MT/s, has been proposed for designing cost-efficient Carrier Ethernet in optical network with multi-line-rate. However, the MT/s algorithm has high blocking ratio because the wavelength capacity is fully allocated without considering the load balance of network. In this paper, we propose an efficient mixed topology configuration (EMTC) algorithm by modifying MT/s algorithm. In order to reduce blocking ratio, we adapt a threshold for each link to restrict the link utilization so that traffic load can be distributed over whole network. We also apply the EMTC algorithm into optical hybrid switched network to evaluate the availability of our algorithm for different applications. The performance of the EMTC algorithm is compared with that of MT/s algorithm through OPNET simulation. The simulation results show that our algorithm achieve lower blocking ratio than the MT/s algorithm. Moreover, in hybrid switched network, our algorithm performs better than MT/s algorithm in terms of packet loss ratio and end-to-end delay.

• KIEE International Transaction on Electrical Machinery and Energy Conversion Systems
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• v.5B no.1
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• pp.57-62
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• 2005

Grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems were installed and monitored at the field demonstration test center (FDTC) in Korea in October 2002. Before long-term field testing of installed PV systems, the performances of PV components were evaluated and compared through short-term performance tests of each of the PV system components such as power conditioning system and PV module under standard test conditions. A data acquisition system has been constructed for measuring and analyzing the performance of PV systems to observe the overall effect of environmental conditions on their operation characteristics. Performances of PV systems have been evaluated and analyzed not only for component perspective (PV array, power conditioning unit) but also for global perspective (system efficiency, capacity factor, electrical power energy) by review of the field test and loss factors of the systems. These results indicate that it is highly imperative to develop an optimum design technology of grid connected PV systems. The objective of this paper is not only to evaluate and analyze the performance of domestic PV systems application through long-term field testing at FDTC but also to develop evaluation, analysis and optimum technology for long-term stability and reliability of grid-connected PV systems in Korea.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 1991.10a
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• pp.68-72
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• 1991

In this study, to improve temperature stability 0.05 Pb(Sn$\_$$\frac{1}{2}$/Sb$\_$$\frac{1}{2}$/O$_3$ - 0.35PbTiO$_3$ - 0.60PbZrO$_3$ + 0.4[wt%]MnO$_2$ piezoelctric oeramics of low dielectric constant and large mechanical quality factor were manufactured with the addition of Cr$_2$O$_3$by Hot Press method. And the SAW delay line was fabricated and the propagation characteristics of SAW was investigated, and the SAW filter was fabricated on C4 added by 0.2[wt%] Cr$_2$O$_3$and its frequency characteristics was investigated. The specimen, whose propagation characteristics of surface acoustic wave were the best, was C4 added by 0.2[wt%] Cr$_2$O$_3$, and its electromechanical coupling factor(ks$^2$) was 3.11[%] and its temperature coefficient of the center frequency (C$\_$fo/) was -21.27[ppm/$^{\circ}C$]. The 31[MHz] SAW IF filter of C4 scarcely had diffraction phenomena and its group delay time was 1.4673 ${\pm}$40[ns] in the pass band, and the insertion loss was -24.419[dB] on no impedance matching.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2002.07b
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• pp.581-584
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• 2002

In this work, a CPW resonator was designed and fabricated to investigate the basic microwave properties, such as effective dielectric constant, of BST thin films. Their properties were used as basic data to simulate and design CPW tunable bandpass filter. We also report on gold/$Ba_{0.5}Sr_{0.5}TiO_3$(BST) ferroelectric thin film C-band tunable bandpass filters(BPFs) designed and fabricated on magnesium oxide substrates using CPW structure. The 2 pole filter was designed for a center frequency of 5.88 GHz with a bandwidth of 9 %. The BST based CPW filter offers a high sensitivity parameter as well as a low loss parameter. The tuning range for the bandpass filter with CPW structure was determined to be 170 MHz.