• Title/Summary/Keyword: Center Loss

Search Result 3,753, Processing Time 0.03 seconds

Multitarget effects of Korean Red Ginseng in animal model of Parkinson's disease: antiapoptosis, antioxidant, antiinflammation, and maintenance of blood-brain barrier integrity

  • Choi, Jong Hee;Jang, Minhee;Nah, Seung-Yeol;Oh, Seikwan;Cho, Ik-Hyun
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
    • /
    • v.42 no.3
    • /
    • pp.379-388
    • /
    • 2018
  • Background: Ginsenosides are the main ingredients of Korean Red Ginseng. They have extensively been studied for their beneficial value in neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the multitarget effects of Korean Red Ginseng extract (KRGE) with various components are unclear. Methods: We investigated the multitarget activities of KRGE on neurological dysfunction and neurotoxicity in a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced mouse model of PD. KRGE (37.5 mg/ kg/day, 75 mg/kg/day, or 150 mg/kg/day, per os (p.o.)) was given daily before or after MPTP intoxication. Results: Pretreatment with 150 mg/kg/day KRGE produced the greatest positive effect on motor dysfunction as assessed using rotarod, pole, and nesting tests, and on the survival rate. KRGE displayed a wide therapeutic time window. These effects were related to reductions in the loss of tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive dopaminergic neurons, apoptosis, microglial activation, and activation of inflammatory factors in the substantia nigra pars compacta and/or striatum after MPTP intoxication. In addition, pretreatment with KRGE activated the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 pathways and inhibited phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases and nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathways, as well as blocked the alteration of blood-brain barrier integrity. Conclusion: These results suggest that KRGE may effectively reduce MPTP-induced neurotoxicity with a wide therapeutic time window through multitarget effects including antiapoptosis, antiinflammation, antioxidant, and maintenance of blood-brain barrier integrity. KRGE has potential as a multitarget drug or functional food for safe preventive and therapeutic strategies for PD.

Heat Transfer between Substrate and Substrate-heater in Low Vacuum (저진공 내 시료가열판과 시료의 열전달)

  • Park, Hyon-Jae;Oh, Soo-Ghee;Shin, Yong-Hyeon;Chung, Kwang-Hwa
    • Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
    • /
    • v.17 no.4
    • /
    • pp.302-310
    • /
    • 2008
  • Heat transfer between substrate and substrate-heater in low vacuum was investigated. The convection related with gas flow and pressure, the heat conduction considering surface roughness and contact pressure, and the heat loss by radiation depending on the surface emissivity were considered. The coefficient of heat conduction $h_c$ in the Fourier's law were determined experimentally from the temperature difference between the substrate and the substrate-heater in the range of substrate-heater temperature $100\;-\;500^{\circ}C$, in the pressures of 300 mTorr - 1 Torr. The temperature difference was then calculated in the reverse way for the purpose of verification, using the heat flow and the experimentally determined coefficients. The verified temperature differences were thus obtained within 0.33 % error.

Sexual Behavioral Characteristics and the Knowledge of HIV/AIDS among Men who have Sex with Men in Republic of Korea (한국 남성 동성애자들의 성행태와 후천성면역결핍증에 대한 인식)

  • Kee, Mee-Kyung;Park, Chul-Min;Chang, Chang-Gok;Go, Un-Yeong
    • Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
    • /
    • v.37 no.3
    • /
    • pp.220-224
    • /
    • 2004
  • Objectives : To investigate the sexual behavioral characteristics and HIV/AIDS knowledge among men who have sex with men(MSM), one of the HIV high risk groups. Methods : A three month survey among individuals who were able to be contacted was carried out over the entire Republic of Korea, between May and August, 2001. 348 individuals completed a self-administered question-naire. The data collected included demographic informa-tion, sexual behavior and AIDS knowledge. Results : Eighty-seven and ninety-two per cent of the 348 MSM were aged 20-39 years and had never been married, respectively. Fifty-five per cent of participants reported at least one sexual contact with women, and a quarter of the MSM surveyed had engaged in high-risk sexual behavior (more than 6 partners) during the previous year. About twenty per cent of the MSM had anal sex as their favorite way of having sex, and seventy-four per cent did not use condoms regularly due to loss of enjoyment, and were more likely to be engaged in risky behaviors. Only ten per cent had a regular HIV test history, and most had obtained knowledge or information on HIV/AIDS through the mass media. Conclusions : A large proportion of the MSM in Korea still remain at an elevated risk for contracting HIV infection. Change in high-risk sexual behaviors will prevent the spread of HIV infection among the MSM population, which requires public health education for preventive interventions, and should be culturally and socially specific in order to be effective.

A Realization of the Synchronization Module between the Up-Link and the Down-Link for the WiBro System (WiBro 시스템에서 상향링크와 하향링크 간 시간 동기 장치 구현)

  • Park Hyong-Rock;Kim Jae-Hyung;Hong Een-Kee
    • Journal of The Institute of Information and Telecommunication Facilities Engineering
    • /
    • v.4 no.1
    • /
    • pp.7-13
    • /
    • 2005
  • In this paper, we propose the time synchronization module on fiber optic repeater to use optic line delay for obtaining time synchronization between up-link and down-link, in the 2.3 GHz WiBro network using TDD/OFDM (Time Division Duplex/Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) Generally, when we use fiber optic repeater to remove the shade area, it occurs transmission delay which is caused by optic transmission between RAS (Radio Access Station) and fiber optic repeater and inner delay of fiber optic repeater. Because the WiBro system is adopting a TOO method and there exists the difference of switching time which is caused by these delay between up-link and down-link, it occurs ISI (Inter Symbol Interference), ICI (Inter Carrier Interference). These interference results in the reduction of the coverage. And the inconsistency between Up-Link and Down-Link switching time maybe gives rise to the interruption of communication. In order to prevent these cases, we propose synchronization module using analog optic line delay as the one of synchronizing up-link and down-link. And we propose the consideration factor for the designing time synchronization module and the feature of optic line of analog method. The measurement result of optic line time synchronization module of structure proposed is as follows, the delay error of $0.5{\mu}g$ and the insertion loss value below maximum 4.5dB in range of $0{\sim}40{\mu}s$. These results fully meet the specification of WiBro System.

  • PDF

Study on Security Grade Classification of Financial Company Documents (금융기관 문서 보안등급 분류에 관한 연구)

  • Kang, Bu Il;Kim, Seung Joo
    • Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
    • /
    • v.24 no.6
    • /
    • pp.1319-1328
    • /
    • 2014
  • While the recent advance in network system has made it easier to collect and process personal information, the loss of customers, financial companies and even nations is getting bigger due to the leakage of personal information. Therefore, it is required to take a measure to prevent additional damage from the illegal use of leakaged personal information. Currently, financial companies use access control in accordance with job title or position on general documents as well as important documents including personal information. Therefore, even if a documents is confidential, it is possible for a person of the same job title or position to access the document properly. This paper propose setting up security grade of documents to improve current access control system. It will help preventing the leakage of personal information.

Efficacy Test of Polycan, a Beta-Glucan Originated from Aureobasidium pullulans SM-2001, on Anterior Cruciate Ligament Transection and Partial Medial Meniscectomy-Induced-Osteoarthritis Rats

  • Kim, Joo-Wan;Cho, Hyung-Rae;Ku, Sae-Kwang
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
    • /
    • v.22 no.2
    • /
    • pp.274-282
    • /
    • 2012
  • The object of this study was to assess the efficacy of Polycan from Aureobasidium pullulans SM-2001, which is composed mostly of beta-1,3-1,6-glucan, on osteoarthritis (OA)-induced by anterior cruciate ligament transection and partial medial meniscectomy (ACLT&PMM). Three different dosages of Polycan (85, 42.5, and 21.25 mg/kg) were orally administered once a day for 84 days to male rats a week after ACLT&PMM surgery. Changes in the circumference and maximum extension angle of each knee, and in cartilage histopathology were assessed using Mankin scores 12 weeks after Polycan administration. In addition, cartilage proliferation was evaluated using bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU). As the result of ACLT&PMM, classic OA was induced with increases in maximum extension angles, edematous knees changes, and capsule thickness, as well as decreases in chondrocyte proliferation, cartilages degenerative changes, and loss of articular cartilage. However, these changes (except for capsule thickness) were markedly inhibited in all Polycan- and diclofenac sodium-treated groups compared with OA control. Although diclofenac sodium did not influence BrdU uptake, BrdU-immunoreactive cells were increased with all dosages of Polycan, which means that Polycan treatment induced proliferation of chondrocytes in the surface articular cartilage of the tibia and femur. The results obtained in this study suggest that 84 days of continuous oral treatment of three different dosages of Polycan led to lesser degrees of articular stiffness and histological cartilage damage compared with OA controls 91 days after OA inducement, suggesting that the optimal Polycan dosage to treat OA is 42.5 mg/kg based on the present study.

Efficiency Improvement in Screen-printed Crystalline Silicon Solar Cell with Light Induced Plating (광유도도금을 이용한 스크린 프린팅 결정질 실리콘 태양전지의 효율 향상)

  • Jeong, Myeong Sang;Kang, Min Gu;Chang, Hyo Sik;Song, Hee-Eun
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
    • /
    • v.26 no.3
    • /
    • pp.246-251
    • /
    • 2013
  • Screen printing is commonly used to form the front/back electrodes in silicon solar cell. But it has caused high resistance and low aspect ratio, resulting in decreased conversion efficiency in solar cell. Recently the plating method has been combined with screen-printed c-Si solar cell to reduce the resistance and improve the aspect ratio. In this paper, we investigated the effect of light induced silver plating with screen-printed c-Si solar cells and compared their electrical properties. All wafers were textured, doped, and coated with anti-reflection layer. The metallization process was carried out with screen-printing, followed by co-fired. Then we performed light induced Ag plating by changing the plating time in the range of 20 sec~5min with/without external light. For comparison, we measured the light I-V characteristics and electrode width by optical microscope. During plating, silver ions fill the porous structure established in rapid silver particle sintering during co-firing step, which results in resistance decrease and efficiency improvement. The plating rate was increased in presence of light lamp, resulting in widening the electrode with and reducing the short-circuit current by shadowing loss. With the optimized plating condition, the conversion efficiency of solar cells was increased by 0.4% due to decreased series resistance. Finally we obtained the short-circuit current of 8.66 A, open-circuit voltage of 0.632 V, fill factor of 78.2%, and efficiency of 17.8% on a silicon solar cell.

The Application of Multi-State Model to the Bipolar Disorder Study (양극성 장애 환자의 기분 전환 현상 연구를 위한 다단계 모형의 적용)

  • Kim, Yang-Jin;Kang, Si-Hyun;Kim, Chang-Yoon
    • The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
    • /
    • v.20 no.3
    • /
    • pp.449-458
    • /
    • 2007
  • Bipolar disorder, also known as manic-depressive illness, is a brain disorder that causes unusual shifts in person's mood, energy, and ability to function. Compared with manic episode, the depression episode causes more serious results such as restless, loss of interest or pleasure, or thoughts of death or suicide and the cure rate of depression episode is lower than that of manic episode. Furthermore, a long term use of antidepressants in bipolar patients may result in manic episode. Our interest is to investigate the effect of antidepressant on switch of moods of bipolar patients and to estimate the transition probabilities of switch between moods, depression and (hypo) manic. In this study, three approaches are applied in terms of multi state model. Parametric model is applied using left censoring data and nonparametric model is implemented under illness-death model with counting process. In order to estimate the effect of covariates, a multiplicative model is used. These all methods have similar results.

Correction of Syndactyly using Pentagonal Flap with Minimal Skin Graft (오각형피판과 최소한의 피부이식을 이용한 합지증의 교정)

  • Bae, Byoung Man;Eo, Su Rak;Kim, In Kyu;Koh, Sung Hoon;Jones, Neil F.
    • Archives of Plastic Surgery
    • /
    • v.34 no.1
    • /
    • pp.64-69
    • /
    • 2007
  • Purpose: The key of treatment in syndactyly is to separate the fused digits safely, and to create a normal web space with enough cutaneous coverage. Despite many techniques have described the correction of syndactyly, skin graft still remains the annoying one. We designed the pentagonal flap from hand dorsum to reconstruct the web space reliably and try to minimize the need for skin graft. Methods: Between July 2003 and August 2005, six cases of syndactyly were corrected at UCLA Medical Center and Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital using dorsal pentagonal flap for web space reconstruction and straight incisions for the sides of digits to minimize the need for skin graft. The proximal edge of the pentagonal flap was designed in V shape to allow for easy closure of the donor site after advancement. The pentagonal flap was advanced volarly with the underlying dermofat tissues to form a digital web. In some cases, skin defects were unavoidable and covered with full thickness skin graft from the inguinal area. Results: Syndactyly were seen in 4 cases of Apert syndrome, 1 postburn scar webbing with PIP joint contracture and 1 recurrence after the incomplete reconstruction. In all Apert syndrome, straight line incision was used along the sides of the fingers and skin graft was needed. But, in 2 cases of incomplete type, we could save the need for skin graft only for the correction of syndactyly. We could get a good looking web space without any complications such as flap or graft loss. Conclusion: As a modification of Sherif's V-Y dorsal metacarpal flap, we believe pentagonal flap could be one of the easiest and safest way to reconstruct the web space of syndactyly in functional and cosmetic standpoint.

Effects of the Hot Water Extract Mixtures from Achyranthes bidentata Blume and Panax ginseng on Osteoclast and Osteoblast Differentiation (우슬과 인삼 열수추출 혼합물의 파골세포와 조골세포 분화 효과)

  • Kim, Jin Seong;Lee, Sang Won;Kim, Young Ock;Bang, Man Seok;Oh, Chung Hun;Kim, Chul Tae
    • Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
    • /
    • v.23 no.2
    • /
    • pp.117-124
    • /
    • 2015
  • Osteoporosis induces a bone mineral density loss due to imbalance of bone homeostasis that is achieved by osteoclasts (which are involved in bone resorption) and osteoblasts (which are involved in bone formation). Thus, this study was performed to evaluate the effects of hot water extract of the Achyranthes bidentata Blume (ABB) and Panax ginseng (Gin) on osteoclast and osteoblast differentiation. In this study, there was no cytotoxicity by ABB, 50 and $100{\mu}g/ml$ of Gin significantly decreased cell viability of RANKL-induced osteoclast in RAW264.7 cell (p < 0.01). But, it was $50{\mu}g/ml$ of ABB and Gin mixtures increased due to protective action of ABB. Furthermore, Gin contained groups (Gin, ABB and Gin mixtures) were inhibitory effects on osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption, and increased in osteoblast differentiation activity. Gin clearly inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation by decreased calcitonin and TRAP (p < 0.01). Also, these extracts significantly increased calcium accumulation formation of osteoblastic differentiation reagents-induced osteoblast in MC3T3-E1 cell (p < 0.05). These results suggest that ABB and Gin mixtures may be a potential as drug for the treatment of osteoporosis.