• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.179-193
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• 2001

previous studies have demonstrated an increase in bone mass and density with use of bisphosphonate in osteoporosis. This agent acts as an inhibitor of osteoclastic activity and results in increase of net osteoblastic activity. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of the bisphosphonate on osteoblastic activity of the human periodontal ligament cells in vitro. Periodontal ligament cells were primarily obtained from extracted healthy third molars. Cells of 4th to 6th passage were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium containing alendronate sodium or etidronate disodium at the concentration of $10^{-12}{\sim}10^{-6}mol/L$ in 5% $Co_2$ incubator at $37^{\circ}C$. Cell count and MTT assay for cellular activity were done at 2 to 7 days of culture. Alkaline phosphatase activity at 4 to 7 days of culture and formation of mineralized nodules at 28 days of culture with addition of $50{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ ascorbic acid, 10 nM${\beta}-glycerophosphate$, $10^{-7}M$ dexamethasone were evaluated. 1. Alendronate sodium Compared to the control, the proliferation of periodontal ligament cells was generally increased and the cellular activity was maintained at 2 days of culture and generally decreased at 7 days of culture. Alkaline phosphatase activity of periodontal ligament cells was inceased and the formation of mineralized nodules by periodontal ligament cells was enhanced compared to the control. 2. Etidronate disodium The proliferation of periodontal ligament cells was increased at 2 days of culture and decreased or maintained at 7 days of culture. Compared to the control, the cellular activity of periodontal ligament cells was generally decreased. Alkaline phosphatase activity of peridontal ligament cells was increased and the formation of mineralized nodules by periodontal ligament cells was enhanced compared to the control. These results suggest that alendronate sodium and etidronate disodium may have a potential effect on osteoblastic lineage of periodontal ligament cells, distinct from their inhibitory action on osteoclasts and could contribute to enhance periodontal regeneration and alveolar bone regeneration.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.63-69
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• 2011

To characterize the polysaccharides which exist as soluble forms in Korean traditional alcoholic beverages, the polysaccharides were isolated from Korean pear wine and their anti-complementary activities were examined. The main polysaccharide, PW-1 was purified to homogeneity from the crude polysaccharide (PW-0) in pear wine by size exclusion chromatography using Sephadex G-75. Molecular mass of PW-1 was estimated to be 150 kDa and it contained significant proportion of mannose (81.8%) and 5 different minor component sugars such as arabinose (1.2%), galactose (2.7%), glucose (8.5%), galacturonic acid (5.3%) and glucuronic acid (0.5%). These analyses indicated that the main polysaccharide in pear wine was mainly present as a mannan which had originated from the cell walls of fermenting yeasts. On the other hand, PW-1 showed potent anti-complementary activity in a dose-dependent fashion. Identification of C3 activation products by the crossed immunoelectrophoresis using anti-human C3 and anti-complementary activity of PW-1 in $Ca^{++}$-free condition suggested complement activations by PW-1 from Korean pear wine occur via both classical and alternative pathways.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.45 no.10
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• pp.618-624
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• 2008

Various calcium phosphate bioceramics are distinguished by their excellent biocompatibility and osteoconductivity. Especially, the exceptional biodegradability of $\beta$-TCP makes it a bone graft substitute of choice in many clinical applications. The activation of osteoclasts, differentiated from macrophage precursor cells, trigger a cell-mediated resorption mechanism that renders $\beta$-TCP biodegradable. Based on this evidence, we studied the biodegradation process of granular-type $\beta$-TCP bone graft substitute through in vitro and in vivo studies. Raw 264.7 cells treated with RANKL and M-CSF differentiated into osteoclasts with macrophage-like properties, as observed with TRAP stain. These osteoclasts were cultured with $\beta$-TCP nano powders synthesized by microwave-assisted process. We confirmed the phagocytosis of osteoclasts by observing $\beta$-TCP particles in their phagosomes via electron microscopy. No damage to the osteoclasts during phagocytosis was observed, nor did the $\beta$-TCP powders show any sign of cytotoxicity. We also observed the histological changes in subcutaneous tissues of rats implanted with granule-type $\beta$-TCP synthesized by fibrous monolithic process. The $\beta$-TCP bone graft substitute was well surrounded with fibrous tissue, and 4 months after implantation, 60% of its mass had been biodegraded. Also, histological findings via H&E stain showed a higher level of infiltration of lymphocytes as well as macrophages around the granule-type $\beta$-TCP. From the results, we have concluded that macrophages play an important role in the biodegradation process of $\beta$-TCP bone graft substitutes.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.115-121
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• 2004

In a series of feeding experiments using the newly established the first laboratory strain of a temperate photosynthetic ciliate, Mesodinium rubrum MR-MAL01, direct evidence was obtained for ingestion of the cultured M. rubrum cells by the bivalves like the Korean scallop, Chlamys farreri and Manila clam. Ruditapes phil-ippinarum. Each experimental Korean scallop and Manila clam removed up to 9,590 and 23,200 cells min-1, respectively. Small particles almost identical to the ruptured cells of MR-MAL01 culture were observed in the gut of the experimental bivalves, although no intact M. rubrum cell was found. In a 28 days rearing experiment, Isoshrysis galbana (KMCC H-2), a microalga, supported better growth of small Manila clam spat (0.46 mm in shell length) than MR-MAL01 strain. For the large Manila clam spat (0.84 mm in shell length), however. MR-MAL01 strain was a better prey item. Mass culture methods for this photosynthetic marine ciliate may be developed for use as live feed in aquaculture of the spat and broodstock of bivalve and small-mouthed fish larvae.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.196-202
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• 2007

The performance characteristics of the polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCS) were investigated under various humidification conditions at steady-state and transient conditions. The PEFC studied in this study was characterized by I-V curves in the potentiostatic mode and EIS (electrochemical impedance spectroscopy). The I-V curves representing steady-state performance were obtained from OCV to 0.25 V, and the dynamic performance responses were obtained at some voltages. The effects of anodic external humidification were measured by varying relative humidity of hydrogen from 20% to 100% while dry air was supplied in the cathode. At the high voltage region, the performance became higher with the increase of the temperature, while at the low voltage region, the performance decreased with the increase of temperature. The EIS showed that ohmic losses were larger at the dry condition of membrane and the effects of mass transport losses increased remarkably when the external and self-humidification were high. The dynamic responses were also monitored by changing the voltage of the PEFC instantly. As the temperature increased, the current reached steady-state earlier. The self-humidification with the generated water delayed the stabilization of the current except for low voltage conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.95-102
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• 2012

To examine the new practical utilization of mucilages in Opuntia humifusa, the Korean pear cactus, the polysaccharides were isolated from O. humifusa, and immuno-stimulating activities were assayed. The main polysaccharide, CNC-E, was prepared by a commercial enzyme treatment, water extraction, and ethanol precipitation. The molecular mass of CNC-E was estimated to be about 700 kDa, and it consisted mainly of arabinose, galactose and xylose in addition to two minor sugars such as rhamnose and fucose. On the other hand, CNC-E showed considerably high splenocyte proliferation activity in a dose-dependent manner. Peritoneal macrophages stimulated with CNC-E produced cytokines such as IL-6, IL-12, IL-10, and TNF-${\alpha}$. The intravenous administration of CNC-E significantly augmented the cytotoxicity of natural killer (NK) cells against Yac-1 tumor cells. Especially, NK cells obtained from the mice treated with $100{\mu}g$ of CNC-E showed threefold higher cytolytic activity than those of untreated mice. CNC-E also showed potent anti-complementary activity in a dose-dependent fashion. Identification of C3 activation products by the crossed immunoelectrophoresis using anti-human C3 and the anti-complementary activity of CNC-E in a $Ca^{2+}$-free condition suggested complement activations by CNC-E that occur via both alternative and classical pathways. These results indicate that Korean pear cactus contains selected polysaccharides that provide immuno-stimulating activities beneficial to human health.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.162-168
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• 2003

Purpose: Primary malignant bone tumors are classified with mesenchymal sarcomas (MS) such as osteosarcoma and chondrosarcoma and small round cell sarcomas (SRS) such as Ewing's sarcoma and lymphoma. Radiological examinations for skeletal sarcoma were using MR scan in tubular bone sarcomas and CT scan in flat bone sarcomas recently. Both MR and CT scans show some findings of bone destruction and soft tissue mass but MR scans don't reveal a finding with mineralization relatively. So we investigated bone destructive pattern of skeletal sarcomas on both MR and CT scans for differentiation of MS and SRS. Materials and Methods: There are 28 MS and 26 SRS examined with MR or CT scans. The findings according to bone destructive pattern were divided to eccentric and concentric in 26 cases of tubular bone sarcomas with MR scan and 28 cases of flat bone sarcomas with CT scan. Results: MR images revealed eccentric destruction in 12 cases of 16 MS and concentric in all cases of 10 SRS (p>.01). CT images showed eccentric destruction in 10 cases of 12 MS and concentric bone destruction in 13 cases of 16 SRS (p>.01) Conclusion: The findings divided to eccentric and concentric bone destructive patterns were useful for differential diagnosis of MS from SRS on both MR and CT scans.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.582-588
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• 1998

The male reproductive system of Macrobrachium nipponense consists of a pair of lobulate testes enveloped within a mesenteric sheath extending the length of the carapace. The paired vasa deferentia originated from the mid-lateral region of each testis and extended to the genital pores at the base of the fifth walking legs. The vas deferens has four morphologically distinct regions, i.e., a short and slender proximal region, a long convoluted region, an elongate distal region and an ejaculatory duct that terminates at the genital pore. The sperm mass produced in the testes is surrounded by a basophilic matrix adjacent to the high columnar epithelium and an eosinophilic matrix adjacent to the simple columnar epithelium. The sperm cord is stored in the ejaculatory duct until it is ejaculated. Androgenic gland is found near the subterminal region of the ejaculatory duct between the muscles of the coxopodite of the last thoracic leg. The cell of the androgenic gland is about 6~8 $\mu$m in length, characterized by with extended chromatin in the large nucleus that stained weakly with hematoxylin and there is a large quantity of cytoplasm. The sperm of M. nipponense are typical of the palaemonid type, having a convex, cup shaped head and an elongated spike extending from the centre of the convex head. The spermatophore consisted of an eosinophilic matrix, a basophilic matrix and paired sperm masses which was surrounded by the basophilic matrix. It generally shows a bilaterally symmetrical structure.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.189-193
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• 2003

This study has been performed to investigate the changes in serum lipid and lipoprotein profiles of the national female soccer players during summer training season. Twenty five Korean national soccer players participated in the study. The mean age of the subjects was 23.3$\pm$2.5 years old. Their mean carrier as soccer player was 11.0 $\pm$2.6 years. Mean height was 164.4$\pm$5.7 cm and mean weight was 57.4$\pm$4.6 kg. Mean body fat percent was 23.9$\pm$3.0% and body mass index was 22.4$\pm$6.0. Mean serum triglyc eride concentration was normal (81.0$\pm$26.3 mg $dl^{-1}$), but total cholesterol (224.3$\pm$58.3 mg $dl^{-1}$) and LDL-cholesterol (162.2$\pm$59.0 mg $dl^{-1}$ were higher than normal range. Hematocrit, hemoglobin and total iron binding capacity were low, but in a normal range. Serum triglyceride concentration was negatively correlated with red blood cell counts (r=-0.448, p<0.05). Meanwhile, HDL-cholesterol was positively correlated with hematocrit percent (r=0.408, p<0.05). Therefore, better iron status was related with better serum lipid profiles of the subjects. Four weeks of iron supplementation had no effect on serum lipid and lipoprotein cholesterol of the subjects.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.195-203
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• 2012

The essential oil was extracted by steam distillation from the aerial part of erect bur-marigold (Bidens tripartita L.), one of the noxious weed in paddy field. The composition of the essential oil was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The fragrance of the essential oil was green, herbal, oily, spicy. There were 42 constituents in the essential oil：17 hydrocarbons, 6 alcohols, 6 acetates, 5 N-containing compounds, 3 ethers, 3 ketones, 1 lactone and 1 S-containing compound. Major constituents were ${\alpha}$-phellandrene (22.50%), ${\alpha}$-pinene (22.21%), 2,4-dimethyl (2,5-dimethylphenyl) methyl ester benzoic acid (15.11%), limonene (10.66%), ${\beta}$-pinene (35.43%), and ${\beta}$-cubebene (5.27%). The $IC_{50}$ value in MTT assay using HaCaT keratinocyte cell line was 0.018%. However, attachment of patch with 0.1% of the erect bur-marigold essential oil for 24 hr did not show any skin toxicity. Overall results of this study suggest that the essential oil of erect bur-marigold could be used as a source for the development of perfumery industrial products.