• 한국광학회지
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.518-523
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• 1999

본 연구에서는 meltback 방법으로 mesa 모양을 형성하기 위하여 여러 가지 농도의 용액으로 meltback을 하였으며 InP 기판위에 InGaAsP 활성층과 InP cap층을 가지는 웨이퍼에 mesa 모양을 형성하기 위해서는 성장온도에서 성장용액의 80%인 InGaAsP(1.55$\mu$m)용액이 가장 적합한 것으로 확인되었다. meltback 방법만으로 PBH-LD(planar buried heterosturcture laser diode)를 제작하기 위한 완전한 mesa를 형성하기는 어려우며, 따라서 본 연구에서는 화학에칭에 이어 Meltback 방법을 이용하여 mesa 모양을 형성하고 연속하여 전류 차단층을 형성시킨 PBH-LD(planar buried heterosturcture laser diode)를 제작하였다. 이렇게 제작된 MQW-PBH-LD의 전기 광학적 특성은 공진기 길이가 $300{\mu}m$일 때 임계전류는 10mA, 내부양자효율은 82%, 내부손실은 $9.2cm^{-1}$, 특성온도는 $25~45^{\circ}C$ 사이에서는 65K, $45~65^{\circ}C$사이에서는 42K이었다.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.13-20
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• 1995

본 논문에서는 열음향 냉장시스템을 실제로 설계, 제작하고 그 동작을 확인하였다. 제작된 시스템은 4인치의 중음부 스피커로 구동되며 스피커 하우징, 챔버, 스택하우징, 스택, 열교환기, 가는관, 그리고 공명구로 구성되었으며 내부에 10기압의 He을 채워 실험하였다. 실행 중 온도하강측정을 위하여 T 타입의 열전쌍을 열교환기에 부착하였고, 내부음압측정용 콘덴서 마이크로폰을 장착하였다. 스피커의 열손상을 막고 고온 열교환기를 냉각시키기 위하여 냉각수를 공급하였다. 실제 실험을 위하여 제작된 열음향기관의 전기적인 임피던스를 측정하여 공진특성을 파악하였는데, 실험 결과 설계치와는 약간 다르게 340Hz로 구동하는 것이 효율적이었다. 이러한 해석을 기초로 실제 냉장실험을 수행한 결과 $30^\circ{C}$의 조건하에서 340Hz, 50W로 구동하였을 때 $16^\circ{C}$의 냉장효과를 관찰하였다. 관찰된 냉각효과와 설계치의 차이를 규명하기 위하여 제작된 열음향기관의 미비점을 고찰하였는 바, 냉각부의 단열이 제일 중요한 문제임을 파악하였으며 그외의 보완이 필요한 사항은 이후의 진행될 연구의 과제로서 제시하였다.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2009

Resistive heating sources are widely used to prepare thin films by vapor deposition because they are cheap, and easy to install and handle in vacuum system. Graphite is one of materials used to make the resistive heating source, but until now only limited applications have been possible as it reacts easily with evaporating materials at high temperature. In this study, evaporation characteristics of aluminum have been investigated by using graphite boat thermally treated with BN powder. The employed graphite boat has been prepared by spray-coating BN power onto the cavity surface of the boat and thermal treatment with aluminum in vacuum at the temperature of more than $1400^{\circ}C$. The voltage-current characteristics as well as resistivity changes of the graphite boat have been investigated during aluminum evaporation according to the applied voltage and time. The evaporation aspect has been picturized during flash evaporation for 40 seconds based on the characterization results. The evaporation rate of the graphite boat has been compared with that of BN boat. The graphite boat showed some different characteristics compared with BN boat, in that the evaporation occurred at the last stage of flash evaporation. The film appearance according to the applied voltage has been compared, and also the reflectance of the resulting film has been investigated according to the film thickness. It has been found that the graphite boat thermally treated with BN powder can be used for aluminum evaporation without problem.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제25권12호
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• pp.125-131
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• 2008

In the past, precision optical glass lenses were produced through multiple processes such as grinding and polishing, but mass production of aspheric lenses requiring high accuracy and having complex profile was rather difficult. In such a background, the high-precision optical GMP processes were developed with an eye to mass production of precision optical glass parts by molding press. Generally because the forming stage in a GMP process is operated at high temperature above $570^{\circ}C$, thermal stresses and deformations are generated in the aspheric glass lens mold that is used in GMP process. Thermal stresses and deformations have negative influences on the quality of a glass lens and mold, especially the height of the deformed glass lens will be different from the height of designed glass lens. To prevent the problems of a glass lens mold and the glass lens, it is very important that the thermal stresses and deformations of a glass lens mold at high forming temperature are considered at the glass molds design step. In this study as a fundamental study to develop the molds used in an aspheric glass lens fabrication, a heat transfer and a thermal stress analysis were carried out for the case of one cavity glass lens mold used in progressive GMP process. Finally using analysis results, it was predicted the height of thermally deformed guide ring and calculated the height of the guide ring to be modified, $64.5{\mu}m$. This result was referred to design the glass lens molds for GMP process in production field.

• 폴리머
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2011

사출성형은 고온의 수지를 고압으로 금형에 충전하고 냉각하여 제품을 만드는 공정으로 큰 온도차이와 고압에 의해 성형품에 잔류응력이 형성된다. 이러한 잔류응력은 시간이 지남에 따라 이완되면서 제품에 변형을 일으켜 형상 품질을 저하시킨다. 본 연구에서는 광탄성 장치를 이용하여 투명한 사출성형품의 잔류응력을 측정하는 방법을 연구하였다. 빛은 전자파처럼 진행하는데 편광필름을 통과하면 하나의 파장만이 진행하게 된다. 그 파장이 시편을 통과하면서 시편에 존재하는 잔류응력 때문에 복굴절이 형성되고 두 번째 편광필름을 통과하면서 다양한 색의 패턴을 보이게 된다. 이 색의 패턴을 이용하여 사출성형으로 제작된 사각평판의 잔류응력을 정량적으로 측정하였다. 또한 컴퓨터 해석을 통해 사출성형품의 광학적 특성을 예측하였으며 실험과 비교하였다.

• Design & Manufacturing
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.67-74
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• 2022

Injection molding is a cyclic process comprising of cooling phase as the largest part of this cycle. Providing efficient cooling in lesser cycle times is of significant importance in the molding industry. Recently, lots of researches have been done for rapid cooling of a hot-spot area using CO2 in injection molding. The CO2 flows under high pressure through small, flexible capillary tubes to the point of use, where it expands to create a snow and gas mixture at a temperature of -79℃. The gaseous CO2 removes heat from the mold and releases it into the atmosphere. In this paper, a CO2 cooling module was applied to an injection mold in order to cool a large area cavity uniformly and quickly, and the cooling performance of the injection mold was investigated. The product was a high-curvature molded part with a molding area of 300x100mm. Heat cartridges were installed in a stationary mold, and CO2 cooling module was inserted inside a movable mold. Through structural analysis, it was confirmed that the maximum deformation of mold with CO2 cooling module was 0.09mm. A CO2 feed system with a heat exchanger was used for cooling experiments. The CO2 was injected into the holes on both sides of the supply pipe of the cooling module and discharged through hexagon blocks to cool the mold. It took 5.8 seconds to cool the mold from an average temperature of 140℃ to 70℃. Through the experiment using CO2 cooling module, it was found that a cooling rate of up to 12.98℃/s and an average of 10.18℃/s could be achieved.

• Design & Manufacturing
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.17-21
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• 2019

In this study, selective laser sintered 3D printing mold core and metal core were used to investigate the difference of the thickness shrinkage from the gate of the injection molded part at a constant interval. SLS 3D printing mold core was made of nylon-based PA2200 powder and the metal core was manufactured by conventional machining method. As the PA2200 powder material has low strength, thermal conductivity and high specific heat characteristics compared with metal, molding conditions were set with the consideration of molten temperature and injection pressure. Crystalline resin(PP) and amorphous resin(PS) with low melting temperature and viscosity were selected for the injection molding experiment. Cooling time for processing condition was selected by checking the temperature change of the cores with a cavity temperature sensor. The cooling time of the 3D printing core was required a longer time than that of the metal core. The thickness shrinkage of the molded part compared to the core depth was measured from the gate by a constant interval. It was shown that the thickness shrinkage of the 3D printing core was 2.02 ~ 4.34% larger than that of metal core. In additions, in the case of metal core, thickness shrinkage was increased with distance from the gate, on the contrary, in the case of polymer core showed reversed aspect.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.173-178
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• 2012

충치 형성 과정에 중요한 불용성 글루칸의 합성과 관련된 sucrose-glucan glucosyltransferase (Gtf)를 Streptococcus mutans Ingbritt 의 배양액에서 염석과, Sephadex G-150, CM-Sephadex, DEAE-Sephadex column을 통과시켜 정제하였다. 회수율 6.3%였으며, 정제율 13배였다. sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE)에서 이 효소의 분자량은 66 kDa이며, 최적 pH와 온도는 각각 6.0과 $40^{\circ}C$이였다. 이 효소는 0.1 mM $Hg^{2+}$, $Cu^{2+}$, $Al^{3+}$에 의하여 22-59% 저해되었다. 이 효소는 2 mM 자이리톨에 의하여 40% 저해 받았으며, 0.05% 수용성 키토산, 글리콜 키토산, 글리콜 키틴에 의하여 35-45% 저해되었다. 키틴 유도체가 Gtf 활성을 억제한다는 보고는 본 연구가 최초이며, 이는 키틴 유도체를 구강청결제의 소재로 활용할 수 있음을 제시한다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.1392-1396
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• 1999

우유의 저온살균시 품질손상의 원인이 되는 fouling발생을 극소화시키면서 균을 사멸시키기 위하여 마이크로파를 이용한 우유의 살균에 대한 연구를 시도하였다. 이에따라 연속식 마이크로파 HTST 시스템을 설계 제작한 후, 우유를 HTST$(72^{circ}C$, 15초)법으로 살균하되 열수만을 이용한 경우(MP0)와 마이크로파로 온도를 올린 후 열수에서 holding한 경우(MP1)와 마이크로파만을 활용한 경우(MP2)의 세가지로 구분하여 미생물의 사멸효과를 총생균수, 대장균수, 저온성세균수 및 phosphatase 활성으로 구분하여 비교해 보았다. 총균수와 저온성 세균수의 경우 세가지 HTST살균법 모두 살균후 초기균수의 3 log 정도 감소하는 살균효과를 보여주었다. 살균방법별 살균효과는 MP0>MP2>MP1의 순서를 보였고 유의차(p<0.05)도 있는 것으로 나타났으나 원유의 초기미생물수와 함께 통계처리할 경우는 살균방법 사이의 유의차는 보이지 않았다. 대장균과 phosphatase activity의 경우 세가지 HTST 살균법 모두 살균후 우유의 배양실험에서 대장균 집락이 확인되지 않거나 살균후 음성(negative)인 것으로 나타나 살균방법 사이의 살균효과에 차이가 없음을 확인시켜주었다. 따라서 마이크로파 단독처리(MP2) 또는 마이크로파로 승온시킨 후 원하는 온도에서 holding하는 병용법(MP1)을 활용할 경우 통상적 HTST법에서 문제가 되는 fouling을 방지하면서 거의 대등한 살균효과를 얻을 수 있을 것으로 예상하였다 얻어진 연구결과를 토대로 우유 및 타 액상식품의 살균에도 확대 적용할 수 있으리라 기대된다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.93-111
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• 1984

The main purpose of this study is to develop a ratio scale measuring level of pain using Korean pain terms. The specific purposes of this study are to identify the degree of pain of each pain term in each subclass: to classify each subclass in terms of dimensions of pain; and to analyze factors of the Korean pain ratio scale clustering together. One hundred an4 fifty eight pain terms which were originally identified as representative terms and their synonyms were used for data collection. Fifty eight nursing professors ana sixty one medical doctors who have contacted with patients having pain were asked to rate the weight of each pain term on a visual analogue scale. Subclasses in which ranks of pain terms were same f s findings in two previous studies were 1) thermal 3 am 2) cavity pressure, 3) single stimulating pain, 4) radiation pain. and 5) chemical pain. Subclasses in which ranks of pain terms were confused were 1) incisive pressure, and 2) cold pain. Subclasses in which one new pain term was added were 1) inflammatory-repeated pain, 2) punctuate pressure, 3) constrictive pressure, 4) fatigue-related pressure, and 5) suffering-relate4 pain. Subclasses in which two new pain terms were added were 1) traction pressure, 2) peripheral nerve pain, 3) dull pain, 4) pulsation-related pain, 5) digestion-related pain, 6) tract pain, and 7) punishment-related pain. Subclass in which 3 new pain terms were included was fear-related pain. Rating scores of 5 words in 4 subclasses were significantly different between the normal group and the extreme group of subjects in terms of subjective rating. Only one word among 6 words was that newly added to the scale. Rating scores of 12 words in 9 subclasses were significantly different between doctor group and nursing professor group. Among these 12 words, only 3 were those newly added to the scale. In comparison of these 12 words, mean scores of the nursing professors were always 7 to 16 points higher than those of the medical doctors. In the analysis of judgement of subjects in terms of dimensions of pain terms, subclasses of dull pain, cavity pressure, tract pain and cold pain were suggested to be included in the miscellaneous dimension. As a result of factor analysis of the ratings given to 96 pain words using principal components analysis without iteration and with varimax rotation limiting the number of factors to 4, factors of severe pain (factor I) mild-moderate pain (factor II) , causative pain (factor III) and temperature-related pain(factor IV) were extracted with the factor loading above 0.388. When the pain words were re-arranged on the bases of factor loading above 0.368, number of factors decreased to only first two factors. Maximum score of pain word in factor II was 46.17 and the minimum score of the factor I was 45.36. Further studies are needed to identify the validity, reliability, sensitivity and practicability of this ratio scale using patients having various sources of pain.