• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.701-708
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• 2018

Human error is an important cause of maritime accidents and the identification of human error is fundamental to maritime-accident preventions. In particular, the pattern of technical behavior taken in the circumstance of bridge teams(navigator & helmsman) provides important information to identify human error. The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze technical behavior pattern of bridge teams using Williamson's turn for rescue of persons overboard. The focus of this study is to build and analyze a cognitive model of the human behavior factors of the bridge teams in the process of implementing the experiments. The experimental environment was constructed using a ship-handling simulator and conducted an experiment on participants from 24 bridge teams. As a result of the experiment, it was able to identify the behavior pattern of the ship's maneuvering and maintain trajectory using the rudder and engine. This study is expected to correct human error in the bridge teams application to the certification and training of seafarers.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.177-189
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• 2010

Traumatic injury is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in children. This is a clinical review of pediatric blunt abdominal trauma. A retrospective analysis of the 112 children with blunt abdominal trauma aged 15 years or less treated at the Department of Pediatric Surgery, Chonbuk National University Hospital was performed. The analysis included age, sex, injury mechanism, number and site of the injured organ, management and outcomes. The average age of occurrence was 7.6 years, and the peak age was between 6 and 8 years. There was a male preponderance with a male to female ratio of 2.3:1. The most common cause of blunt abdominal trauma was traffic accidents (61.6 %), principally involving pedestrians (79.7 %). The accident prone times were between 8:00 AM and 8:00 PM, the weekends (40.2 %), and the winter respectively. Thirthy-five patients (31.2 %) had multiple intra-abdominal organ injuries and the most common injured organ was the liver. Seventy-four cases (66.1 %) were managed non-operatively and eleven cases (9.8 %) expired. Of the patients who were treated surgically or were to be operated on one patient died before surgery, the remainder died during or after surgery. Risk factors such as number of injured organ, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and trauma scores by Glasgow coma scale (GCS), Pediatric trauma score (PTS), revised trauma score (RTS), injury severe score (ISS), TRISS were significantly correlated with mortality rate.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.58 no.2
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• pp.84-89
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• 2021

Recently, shipyards are making many efforts to reduce the number of the mounted blocks by increasing the block size. This is to improve productivity and reduce related costs by minimizing block movement and shortening the building period. However, as the blocks become larger, the weight increases considerably. If the target block has a damage due to an unexpected accident during block lifting, it may seriously cause a problem of the reusability of the block. In this study, a large-sized block of the offshore structure weighing 480 tons was lifting with a total of seven sling belts, and one sling belt was broken while it was moving, resulting in a situation in which a part of the edge of the block collided with the ground. The aim of this paper is to verify the structural integrity of the block that directly collides with the ground in the form of free fall due to the sling breakage. Considering that the hook loads acting on several sling belts holding the block are redistributed when a sling belt is broken, the hook loads were recalculated at the angle just before the sling breakage. These loads were used to check the safety of the sling belts. In addition, FE analysis was performed by calculating the amount of impact from the free fall condition, obtaining the impact area by using Hertz's contact theory, and then applying the impact load to the area.

• Advances in Computational Design
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.53-72
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• 2019

Safety measures for tower cranes are extremely important among the seismic countermeasures at high-rise building construction sites. In particular, the collapse of a tower crane from a high position is a very serious catastrophe. An example of such an accident due to an earthquake is the case of the Taipei 101 Building (the author was the project director), which occurred on March 31, 2002. Failure of the bolted joints of the tower-crane mast was the direct cause of the collapse. Therefore, it is necessary to design for this eventuality and to take the necessary measures on construction sites. This can only be done by understanding the precise dynamic behavior of mast joints during an earthquake. Consequently, we created a new hybrid-element model (using beam, shell, and solid elements) that not only expressed the detailed behavior of the site joints of a tower-crane mast during an earthquake but also suppressed any increase in the total calculation time and revealed its behavior through computer simulations. Using the proposed structural model and simulation method, effective information for designing safe joints during earthquakes can be provided by considering workability (control of the bolt pretension axial force and other factors) and less construction cost. Notably, this analysis showed that the joint behavior of the initial pretension axial force of a bolt is considerably reduced after the axial force of the bolt exceeds the yield strength. A maximum decrease of 50% in the initial pretension axial force under the El Centro N-S Wave ($v_{max}=100cm/s$) was observed. Furthermore, this method can be applied to analyze the seismic responses of general temporary structures in construction sites.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.15-25
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• 2002

Purpose: This study was performed to identify the prevalence and type of urinary incontinence (UI) after a stroke, to find the differences in urinary symptoms according to continence or incontinence, and to find the degree of impact of UI on daily life. Method: For data collection, we had a structured interview with a questionnaire. The subjects were 239 post stroke patients. Results: Among the subjects(mean age: $65{\pm}10$), 66.1 percent had an infarction, and 25.5 percent had a hemorrhage. And 26.4 percent of subjects were within 2 weeks and 28.9 percent from 1 year to 5 years since their episodes of a stroke. Forty five point six percent of subjects had various types of UI: urge 25.7 percent, stress 14.7 percent, functional 20.2 percent, and mixed 39.4 percent. There were significant differences in frequency, nocturia, decreased stream, and incomplete emptying between the incontinent and continent groups. Subjects reported UI influenced various aspect of daily life, 54.1 percent as cause of distress, 53.2 percent on overall quality of life, and 40.4 percent on sleep. The Mixed UI, including urge UI, had higher impact on daily life than others. Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of UI, mixed, urge, and functional type as most prevalent, and it had a strong impact on daily life of post stroke patients.

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.31-38
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• 2009

With today's social and cultural personal interactions, greater leisure time and participation in sports activities, and growing traffic volume, the risk of physical trauma has increased markedly. This is a clinical and retrospective study of patients exposed to oral and maxillofacial trauma. We clinically observed 72 patients with trauma in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kyunghee University Dental Hospital, from June 2006 through November 2007. The following data was obtained: 1. The male:female ratio of patients having experienced physical trauma was 6.2:1, with most patients in their twenties. 2. Traffic accident (37.5%) was the most common cause of trauma. 3. The highest incidence of fracture occurred to the zygomatic arch(22.1%) among mid-facial fractures and angle(37.5%), symphysis(35.4%) in mandible fractures. 4. Open reduction (88.9%) was the most frequently used form of treatment. Closed reduction was performed on the remaining 11.1% of cases. 5. Teeth and alveolar bone damage occurred in 23.6% of all cases. 6. Other injuries that were related to mid-face fracture occurred in 27.8% of all cases. 7. Post-operative complications occurred in 31.9% of cases, and the highest complication was the nerve injury.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.111-117
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• 2011

Purposes: Pancreatic injury is rare in abdominal trauma patients (3%~12%). but it could result in significant morbidity and even mortality. Early and adequate decision making are very important in the management of patients with traumatic pancreatic injury. The purpose of this study was to assess the kinds of management and outcome through the review of our experience of pancreatic injury with multiple trauma. Methods: We reviewed 17 patients with traumatic pancreas injury via electronic medical records from Jan. 2002 and April. 2011. We collected demographic findings; the type, location and grade of pancreas injury, the treatment modality, and patient's outcomes, such as complications, length of hospital stay (LOS), and mortality. Results: Total 17 patients were reviewed, and man was 13 (88%). Traffic accident was the most common cause of injury. Pancreas neck was the most common injured site, and occured in 5 patients. Ductal injury was detected in 7 cases. Eleven patients were treated by surgical procedure, and in this group, 3 patients underwent the endoscopic retrograde pancreas drainage procedure coincidently. ERPD was tried in 8 patients, and failed in 2 patients. The major complications were post-traumatic fluid collection and abscess which accounted for 70 % of all patients. The hospital stay was 35.9 days, and it was longer in patient with ductal injury ($38.0{\pm}18.56$ vs. $34.5{\pm}33.68$ days). Only one patient was died due to septic shock associated with an uncontrolled retroperitoneal abscess. Conclusion: Early diagnosis is the most important factor to apply the adequate treatment option and to manage the traumatic pancreas injury. Aggressive treatment should be considered in patients with a post-operative abscess.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.169-182
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• 2001

The clinical study was carried out the 33 patients with insomnia who were treated in Daejeon University Oriental Hospital from 17 March 1997 to 12 May 2001. The results were summarized as follows. 1. The ratio of male and female was 10:23 and sleep initiation insomnia and sleep maintenance insomnia were the highest frequence(97%), the beginning of insomnia was frequent at 30s(27.3%). 2. Living accident by mental attack was the most inducing factor and many patients came to our hospital by way of west-neuropsychiatry(55.6%). 3. In admission period most of the patients were within 15 days(78.8%) and Liver-Qi- depression was the main cause and in classification of Four Human coporeal constitution the number of patients Sho-Eum-In(少陰人) was remarked mostly and in distribution of the prescription drugs of growing heart and warming gall bladder such as GUIBIONDAMTANG(歸脾溫膽湯) and ONDAMTANGGAMI (溫膽湯加味) were many, 4. Relatively most patients were well treated(69.7%) and insomnia was mainly caused by Anxiety Disorder and Depression and Hwabyoung and in the age distribution the highest frequence was 30s but we know insomnia appeared at all ages. 5. In distribution of the period of the clinical history was various and within 15 days were all improved and the treatments group of drug and acupuncture and aid treatments etc. and hypnotics was more improved than not used hypnotics treatments group but using hypnotics was temporal. I.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.28-34
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• 2001

Study design: Clinical results were retrospectively analyzed in 11 patients with fractures of talar neck who were treated in our department from Jan. 1994 to Dec. 1999. Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the short-term results and to assess the prognostic factors of talar neck fractures. Material and Method: 11 cases with fractures of talar neck were reviewed retrospectively with minimum 1 year follow-up. There were 8 men & 3 women, and the average age was 25. The most common cause was traffic accident. According to the modified Hawkins classification, type I was in 4 cases, type II in 5, type III in 2, and type IV was none. All type I fractures were treated conservatively, and others were treated operatively. Results: According to Hawkins criteria, there was excellent result in 7 cases(64%), good in 2(18%), and fair in 2(18%). Post-traumatic arthritis occurred in 2 cases, but there was no avascular necrosis. Conclusion: Careful selection of method of treatment and urgent management are important prognostic factors in talar neck fractures. The longer follow-up in more cases is necessary to evaluate the long-term clinical results and complications more accurately.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.178-187
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• 2021

Dual-cooled annular fuel allows a significant increase in power density while maintaining or improving safety margins. However, the dual-cooled design brings much higher Zircaloy charge in reactor core, which could cause a great threaten of hydrogen explosion during severe accidents. Hence, an innovative fuel combined dual-cooled annular geometry and SiC cladding was proposed for the first time in this study. Capabilities of fuel design and behavior simulation were developed for this new fuel by the upgrade of FROBA-ANNULAR code. Considering characteristics of both SiC cladding and dual-cooled annular geometry, the basic fuel design was proposed and preliminary proved to be feasible. After that, a design optimization study was conducted, and the optimal values of as-fabricated plenum pressure and gas gap sizes were obtained. Finally, the performance simulation of the new fuel was carried out with the full consideration of realistic operation conditions. Results indicate that in addition to possessing advantages of both dual-cooled annular fuel and accident tolerant cladding at the same time, this innovative fuel could overcome the brittle failure issue of SiC induced by pellet-cladding interaction.