• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.257-280
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• 2016

This study is focused on how the science gifted students can improve their system thinking by applying 3-steps mind map activities about astronomy contents. Through the pre-study two times, 9 students in 6th grade were participated in this study. It was analyzed the degree of improvement of systems thinking through the science gifted students' mind maps, causal maps and their interviews. The results of the study showed that the experimental group's system thinking who learned 3-steps mind map activities was more complex and diverse than the controlled group's. Therefore 3-steps mind map activities that have been developed in this study will be valuable as an alternative to improve their system thinking. Through this study, 3-steps mind map activities were confirmed that by inducing background knowledge activation and thinking systematization can be an alternative to improve the system thinking of science gifted students. So the 3-steps mind map activities can be helpful in cultivate human resources with creative problem solving ability based on their system thinking.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.158-168
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• 2017

As the big data technologies advance, there is an increasing interest in systematic methodologies for data-based policy determination especially in the public health area. This study proposes a method to develop an issue detection model through the collaboration with domain experts in order to intelligently detect major socio-national issues on infectious diseases based on data. At first, the factors influencing the 'domestic inflow of foreign infectious diseases' are determined and variables representing the factors are set. Thereafter, by using system dynamics methods, the causal analysis is made to find causal map indicating main influential factors. In this process, an empirical modeling is conducted through collaboration between data analysts and experts in the infectious disease domain. The proposed issue detection approach based on domain knowledges will make it possible to make a decision on policies more efficiently if the detection system is capable of continuos monitoring of the related issues.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.57-66
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• 1999

We believe that science experiments in a laboratory are essential for science education. Scientific experiments begin with situations set by selecting and locating tools and reagents. and by proper experimental behavior, and thereafter situations are changed by natural laws and intermediate experimental behavior. While scientists and students do experiments, they build a cognitive model internally, do causal reasoning on the model to derive system behavior, and then learn scientific truth. We suggest not only a representation method for a 2-dimentional model and for ontological entities necessary in causal reasoning, but also an inferencing method to derive behavior. Chemistry experiments are chosen for the implementation. For the ontological entities, we consider experimental tools, reagents and their heirarchical structures, physics and chemistry natural laws, and functional abstraction knowledge. In order to show the usefulness of our methods, we have developed a program, called ACUArtificial Chemistry Laboratory), which provides an experiment environment where students can do non-predetermined experiments, and shows experiment려 system behavior similar to what happens in the same situation in a real world and descriptions about why it happens.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.25-37
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• 1983

A group of 180 men who visited Urology Department of Severance hospital, including 115 patients with nongonococcal urethritis (N.G.U.), 27 patients with prostatitis, 13 patients with gonococcal urethritis (G.U.) and 25 healthy medical student controls were investigated for the isolation of Ureaplasma urealyticum (T-strain mycoplasma) from the specimen of ureaplasma discharge, urine and semen. Taylor-Robinson media of T-broth and T-agar was used for the isolation of Ureaplasma urealyticum. To the best of our knowledge, the study on the culture of Ureaplasma urealy ticum was reported for the first time in Korea. The followis g results were obtained: 1. The isolation rate of Ureaplasma urealyticum in nongonococcal urethritis (53.0%) revealed highest of those in the other three groups of prostatitis, gonococcal urethritis and control (40.7%,38.4% and 16.0% respectively). 2. As for the specimens, urethral discharge revelaed higher isolation rate of Ureaplasma urealyticum (54.6%) than first voided urine (50.0%). 3. The more consorts patients had, the higher positive culture rate of Ureaplasma urealyticum were revealed. The isolation rate in case of more than one causal in nongonococcal urethritis (27.8%) revealed much higher than in case of marital only (5.2%), one regular (6.1%) and one causal 03.9%). 4. 2.6% of isolation rate of Ureaplasma urealyticum revealed in patients with nongonococcal urethritis who visited the clinic in later than 4 weeks after the symptoms developed. However, the isolation rate in patients who visited within 4 weeks revealed 50.3%. The lower isolation rate of Ureaplasma in the late treatment seekers might be probably due to the suppression effect against Ureaplama urealyticum from the possible previous self antibiotic treatment. 5. Attachment of Ureaplasma urealyticum mostly to the neck and head portion of the spermatozoa seemed to playa role to affect the motility of sperms.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.78-81
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• 2011

Soft rot caused by Rhizopus oryzae occurred on unshiu orange (Citrus unshiu Marc.) sampled from commercial markets in Jinju, Korea, 2010. The first symptom of soft rot on orange is a water-soaked appearance of the affected tissue. The infected parts later disintegrated into a mushy mass of disorganized cells followed by rapid softening of the diseased tissue. The lesion on orange was rapidly softened and rotted, then became brown or dark brown. Optimum temperature for mycelial growth of the causal fungus on potato dextrose agar was $30^{\circ}C$ and growth was still apparent at $37^{\circ}C$. Sporangiophores were $6{\sim}20\;{\mu}m$ in diameter. Sporangia were globose and $40{\sim}200\;{\mu}m$ in size. The color of sporangia was brownish-grey to blackish-grey at maturity. Sporangiospores were sub-globose, brownish- black streaked and $4{\sim}10\;{\mu}m$ in size. Columella were globose to sub-globose and $85{\sim}120\;{\mu}m$ in size. On the basis of mycological characteristics, pathogenicity test, and the ITS sequence analysis, the causal fungus was identified as Rhizopus oryzae. To our knowledge, this is the first report of soft rot caused by R. oryzae on unshiu orange in Korea.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2013

This study aims to measure oral health knowledge and practice level among dental clinic patients, and examine their relationships with decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMF) index and the oral health-related quality of life (QOL). Empirical data have been collected from 311 patients through structured questionnaires and dental examinations conducted in Busan area. According to the analysis of causal relationship, oral health knowledge turned out to have a direct effect on oral health practices, which exerted both direct and indirect effects on DMF index and oral health-related QOL. While DMF index directly affected the oral health-related QOL, oral health knowledge proved to have only an indirect effect on DMF index and oral health-related QOL, mediated by oral health practices. Considering all these findings, effective oral health education and other intervention programs should focus on motivating people to participate in the active practices of desirable oral health behaviors, which will lead to the prevention of oral diseases and the subsequent improvement in the QOL.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.41-63
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• 2023

Organizational members' innovative behavior is a key element that promotes organizational growth and sustainability. With today's unstable environment of economic and market , the importance of employees' innovative behavior is being emphasized. The reason is that employees' innovative behaviors play an important role in securing a organizational competitiveness. Based on this, this study focused on ways to improve employees' innovation behavior. Specifically, the causal relationship between participatory leadership and employees' innovative behavior was identified and the influence of innovative behavior was also verified. Furthermore, in the process of participatory leadership influencing employees' innovative behavior, the serial multiple mediating effect of knowledge sharing and creativity was verified. In order to demonstrate the hyphotheses, this study focused on 237 employees who work in Chinese SMEs. The results of the empirical analysis showed that participatory leadership had a positive effect on knowledge sharing, creativity, and innovative behavior. In addition, the serial multiple mediating effects of knowledge sharing and creativity on the relationship between participatory leadership and innovative behavior was significant. Overall, this study verified the positive role of participatory leadership that enhances employees' innovative behavior in Chinese SMEs and contributed to expanding the research field related to employees' innovative behavior through serial multiple mediating model.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.75-102
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• 2006

Three experiments were conducted using a verification task to examine good and poor readers' generation of causal inferences(with because sentences) and contrastive inferences(with although sentences). The unfamiliar, critical verification statement was either explicitly mentioned or was implied. In Experiment 1, both good and poor readers responded accurately to the critical statement, suggesting that both groups had the linguistic knowledge necessary to the required inferences. Differences were found, however, in the groups' verification latencies. Poor, but not good, readers responded faster to explicit than to implicit verification statements for both because and although sentences. In Experiment 2, poor readers were induced to generate causal inferences for the because experimental sentences by including fillers that were apparently counterfactual unless a causal inference was made. In Experiment 3, poor readers were induced to generate contrastive inferences for the although sentences by including fillers that could only be resolved by making a contrastive inference. Verification latencies for the critical statements showed that poor readers made causal inferences in Experiment 2 and contrastive inferences in Experiment 3 doting comprehension. These results were discussed in terms of context effect: Specific encoding operations performed on anomaly backgrounded in another passage would form part of the context that guides the ongoing activity in processing potentially relevant subsequent text.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.527-538
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a model that explains causal relationships between post-menopausal women's osteoporosis general knowledge and awareness of their own bone mass density(BMD) and their osteoporosis health beliefs and preventive behaviors. Methods: Retrospective design using structural equation model tested seven variables by using questionnaires of osteoporosis knowledge test, osteoporosis health belief scale, osteoporosis self-efficacy scale, and osteoporosis preventive behaviors scale. 162 middle age and post-menopausal women were recruited. Results: Mediating effect of health beliefs was not significant in the relationship between BMD awareness and preventive behaviors. Instead, BMD awareness had a direct influence on the preventive behaviors that is strong and significant. Between the relationship of the BMD awareness and health beliefs, direct pathways of perceived threat, relative benefits, and self-efficacy were not significant. However, relative benefits and self-efficacy showed direct influence on the preventive behaviors. Conclusion: Having middle age women get their BMD test done in order for them to be aware of their own BMD results might be a critical strategy to promote osteoporosis preventive behaviors. There is a need to develop diverse strategies to enhance their self-efficacy which has been shown to be important to osteoporosis preventive behaviors.

• Journal of Science and Technology Studies
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.57-87
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• 2009

Sick House Syndrome(SHS) is the environmental health problem which is difficult to clarify a causal relationship and a responsibility. This paper is focused on a National Environmental Dispute Resolution Commission(NEDRC)'s judgment on SHS and the process of the change of knowledge and policies related to SHS. In the process of the resolving the SHS dispute, NEDRC functioned as a boundary organization, which helps stabilize the boundary between science and policy, and provides space of mutual collaboration and produces boundary objects. NEDRC had necessary characteristics and resources to make scientific knowledge and policies of SHS. First, it was important for SHS to define a problem clearly and to justify the related information whereupon legal authority was effective. In addition, for the procedure of deciding polities, the role of the Ministry of Environment(ME) was essential. However, due to the condition of ME, the discussion of SHS had been limited to the scope of dispute, excluding scientific discussion.